Ngakhale osamvetsetsa mibadwo yamayendedwe olumikizana ndi mafoni, aliyense angayankhe kuti 5G ndiyozizira kuposa 4G/LTE. Kunena zoona, zonse si zophweka. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake 5G ili yabwinoko / yoyipitsitsa komanso ndi milandu iti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi yomwe imalonjeza kwambiri, poganizira momwe zilili pano.
Ndiye, ukadaulo wa 5G umatilonjeza chiyani?
- Liwiro limachulukitsa nthawi zambiri mpaka 10 Gb / s,
- Kuchepetsa kuchedwa (latency) ndi makumi anthawi mpaka 1 ms,
- Kuchulukitsa kudalirika kwa kulumikizana (kutayika kwa paketi yolakwika) mazanamazana,
- Kuchulukitsa kachulukidwe (chiwerengero) cha zida zolumikizidwa (106/km2).
Zonsezi zimatheka kudzera mu:
- multichannel (kufanana pakati pa ma frequency ndi masiteshoni)
- kukulitsa ma frequency otengera wailesi kuchokera ku mayunitsi mpaka makumi a GHz (kuchuluka kwa njanji ya wailesi)
5G ipita patsogolo pa 4G m'malo achikhalidwe, kaya kutsitsa makanema nthawi yomweyo kapena kulumikiza pulogalamu yam'manja kumtambo. Ndiye, kodi zingatheke kukana kutumiza intaneti ku nyumba zathu ndi maofesi kudzera pa chingwe?
5G ipereka kulumikizana konsekonse kuchokera ku chilichonse kupita ku chilichonse, kuphatikiza ma bandwidth apamwamba, ma protocol opanda mphamvu okhala ndi gulu lopapatiza, lopanda mphamvu. Izi zidzatsegula njira zatsopano zomwe sizingatheke ku 4G: kulankhulana kwa makina ndi makina pansi ndi mlengalenga, Industry 4.0, Internet of Things.
Kapena osati?..
(Magwero a zithunzi - Reuters)
Kodi ntchito
Ngati mukudziwa momwe 5G imagwirira ntchito, dumphani gawo ili.
Ndiye, tingakwaniritse bwanji kusamutsa deta mwachangu mu 5G, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa? Izi si matsenga amtundu wina eti?
Kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro kudzachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ma frequency osiyanasiyana - omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kale. Mwachitsanzo, mafupipafupi a WiFi kunyumba ndi 2,4 kapena 5 GHz, pafupipafupi ma network omwe alipo ali mkati mwa 2,6 GHz. Koma tikakamba za 5G, nthawi yomweyo tikulankhula za makumi a gigahertz. Ndi zophweka: timawonjezera mafupipafupi, kuchepetsa kutalika kwa mawonekedwe - ndipo kuthamanga kwa deta kumakhala kokulirapo. Ndipo network yonse imatsitsidwa.
Pano pali nthabwala yowonera momwe zidalili komanso momwe zidzakhalire. Anali:
Kufuna:
(Chitsime: IEEE Spectrum,
Mafupipafupi awonjezeka kakhumi, kotero mu 5G tikulimbana ndi mafunde afupikitsa, mamilimita. Sadutsa zopinga bwino. Ndipo mogwirizana ndi izi, mamangidwe a maukonde akusintha. Ngati mauthenga akale anaperekedwa kwa ife ndi nsanja zazikulu, zamphamvu zomwe zimayankhulana pamtunda wautali, tsopano padzakhala kofunika kuyika nsanja zambiri zowonongeka, zotsika mphamvu kulikonse. Ndipo kumbukirani kuti m'mizinda ikuluikulu mudzafunika masiteshoni ambiri, chifukwa cha chizindikiro chotsekedwa ndi nyumba zapamwamba. Chifukwa chake, kuti mukonzekeretse New York ndi maukonde a 5G, muyenera
Ndi
Zosankha ziwiri za netiweki: landline ndi mobile
Tekinoloje yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kulumikiza - Kupanga kosinthika kwa mtengo wawayilesi kwa olembetsa ena. Kodi izi zimachitika bwanji? Malo oyambira amakumbukira komwe chizindikirocho chinachokera komanso nthawi yanji (sichimachokera ku foni yanu yokha, komanso ngati chiwonetsero cha zopinga), ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira za triangulation, kuwerengera malo omwe muli pafupi, ndiyeno kumanga njira yabwino yowonetsera.
Chitsime: Analysys Mason
Komabe, kufunikira kotsata malo a wolandila kumabweretsa kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa zochitika zokhazikika ndi zogwiritsa ntchito mafoni, ndipo izi zimawonekera pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana (zambiri pa izi pambuyo pake mu gawo la "Consumer Market").
Zokhazikika
Miyezo
Palibe muyezo wa 5G wovomerezeka. Zipangizo zamakono ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo pali osewera ambiri omwe ali ndi zofuna zotsutsana.
Muyezo wa 5G NR uli pagawo lotukuka kwambiri (Wailesi Yatsopano) kuchokera ku bungwe la 3GPP (Ntchito Yothandizira Mgwirizano Wachitatu), yomwe idapanga miyezo yam'mbuyomu, 3G ndi 4G. 5G imagwiritsa ntchito magulu awiri a wailesi (pafupipafupi osiyanasiyana, kapena kungofupikitsa FR). FR1 imapereka ma frequency pansi pa 6GHz. FR2 - pamwamba pa 24 GHz, otchedwa. mafunde a millimeter. Muyezowu umathandizira zolandila zoyima komanso zosuntha ndipo ndikukulitsanso mulingo wa 5GTF kuchokera ku chimphona chachikulu cha ku America cha Verizon, chomwe chimathandizira olandila osakhazikika (mtundu uwu umatchedwa ma network opanda zingwe).
Muyezo wa 5G NR umapereka njira zitatu zogwiritsira ntchito:
- eMBB (kulimbikitsa Mobile Broadband) - imatanthawuza intaneti yomwe tazolowera;
- URLLC(Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications) - zofunika kwambiri pakuyankha mwachangu komanso kudalirika - pazantchito monga zoyendera paokha kapena opaleshoni yakutali;
- mMTC (Makina amtundu wolumikizana kwambiri) - kuthandizira kwa zida zambiri zomwe sizimatumiza kawirikawiri deta - nkhani ya intaneti ya Zinthu, ndiko kuti, mamita ndi zipangizo zowunikira.
Kapena mwachidule, chinthu chomwecho pa chithunzi:
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti makampaniwa adzayang'ana poyamba kukhazikitsa eMBB monga momwe zimamvekera bwino ndi ndalama zomwe zilipo kale.
Kukhazikitsa
Kuyambira 2018, kuyezetsa kwakukulu kwachitika, mwachitsanzo, pa Masewera a Olimpiki Ozizira ku South Korea. Mu 2018, onse ogwira ntchito ku Russia Big Four adayesa. MTS idayesa ukadaulo watsopano
Ku South Korea, kwa nthawi yoyamba padziko lapansi, ntchito ya 5G idaperekedwa kumapeto kwa 2018. Kutulutsidwa kwamalonda padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka chaka chamawa, 2020. Poyamba, gulu la FR1 lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera pamanetiweki omwe alipo a 4G. Malinga ndi mapulani a Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, ku Russia 5G iyamba kuwonekera m'mizinda yomwe ili ndi anthu opitilira miliyoni miliyoni kuyambira 2020. M'zochita, kutumizidwa kwakukulu kudzatsimikiziridwa ndi luso lopanga ndalama, ndipo mbali iyi ya 5G sinadziwikebe.
Kodi vuto ndi ndalama ndi chiyani? Chowonadi ndi chakuti ogwira ntchito pa telecom sakuwonabe zifukwa zomveka zosinthira: maukonde omwe alipo amatha kuthana ndi katunduyo bwino. Ndipo tsopano amaganizira za 5G zambiri pazamalonda: chizindikiro cha 5G pawindo la foni chidzakhala chowonjezera pamaso pa olembetsa a telecom. Nkhani yongopeka ndi
Mukayang'anitsitsa, mutha kuwona kuti chithunzicho ndi "5GE" - chomwe chimayimira 5G Evolution, ndipo mwadzidzidzi iyi si 5G yomwe timaganizira, koma chizindikiro chongopangidwa ndi otsatsa pa netiweki ya LTE yomwe ilipo ndi zosintha zina.
Chipsets
Makampani a Microelectronics adayika kale mabiliyoni ambiri a madola mu 5G. Ma chips a 5G NR mamodemu am'manja amaperekedwa ndi Samsung (
Mafoni
Pafupifupi onse opanga mafoni a Android alengeza mapulani oyambitsa 5G. Samsung idawonetsa mtundu wa Galaxy S10 mu mtundu wa 5G ku Mobile World Congress kumapeto kwa February 2019. Idatulutsidwa ku Korea pa Epulo 5. Ku US, chida chatsopanocho chidawoneka pa Meyi 16, ndipo pamenepo kulumikizana kumapezeka ndi netiweki ya Verizon ya telecom. Ogwiritsa ntchito ena akugwiranso ntchito: AT&T yalengeza mapulani otulutsa foni yam'manja yachiwiri pamodzi ndi Samsung mu theka lachiwiri la 2.
M'kupita kwa chaka, mafoni a m'manja a 5G ochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana, makamaka apamwamba, adzagunda mashelufu. Malingana ndi kuyerekezera kwina, teknoloji yatsopano idzawonjezera mtengo wa zipangizo ndi $ 200-300 ndi malipiro olembetsa ndi 10%.
Msika wa ogula
Mlandu 1. Intaneti Yanyumba
Maukonde opanda zingwe a 5G adzakhala m'malo mwa intaneti yawaya m'nyumba zathu. Ngati m'mbuyomu intaneti idabwera kunyumba yathu kudzera pa chingwe, ndiye kuti mtsogolomo idzachokera ku nsanja ya 5G, ndiyeno rautayo idzagawa kudzera pa WiFi wamba. Makampani akuluakulu osewera amaliza kukonzekera, kugwirizanitsa kutulutsidwa kwa ma routers omwe amagulitsidwa ndi kutumizidwa kwa maukonde a 5G. Router wamba ya 5G imawononga $700-900 ndipo imapereka kuthamanga kwa 2-3 Gbps. Mwanjira imeneyi, ogwira ntchito adzathetsa vuto la "makilomita otsiriza" okha ndikuchepetsa mtengo woyika mawaya. Ndipo palibe chifukwa choopera kuti maukonde omwe alipo kale sangathe kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe adzabwere kuchokera ku maukonde a 5G: kafukufuku akuchitika kuti agwiritse ntchito nkhokwe yomwe ilipo ya fiber optic network - zomwe zimatchedwa "dark fiber".
Kodi izi zidzakhala zatsopano bwanji kwa ogwiritsa ntchito? Panopa, m'mayiko ena sakugwiritsanso ntchito intaneti yamtundu wamtundu wapanyumba, ndipo akusintha ku LTE: zikuwoneka kuti ndizofulumira komanso zotsika mtengo kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja nthawi zonse, ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali yomwe ilipo. Izi, mwachitsanzo, zachitika ku Korea. Ndipo zikuwonetsedwa mu comic iyi:
Mlandu wachiwiri. Kusonkhana kwa anthu ambiri
Ndithudi aliyense wakhala mumkhalidwe wosasangalatsa wotere: bwerani kuwonetsero kapena bwalo lamasewera, ndipo kugwirizana kwa mafoni kumasowa. Ndipo iyi ndi nthawi yomwe mukufuna kutumiza chithunzi kapena kulemba pama social network.
Masitediyamu
Samsung idachita mayeso pamodzi ndi woyendetsa telecom waku Japan KDDI pabwalo la baseball lokhala ndi mipando 30. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a test 5G, tinatha kuwonetsa mavidiyo a 4K pamapiritsi angapo nthawi imodzi.
Bwaloli ndi limodzi mwazinthu zitatu zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mdera la demo lotchedwa 5G City, lomwe lili ku Suwon (kulikulu la Samsung). Zochitika zina zikuphatikizapo malo okhala mumzinda (kugwirizanitsa makamera a kanema, masensa ndi mapepala a chidziwitso) ndi malo othamanga kwambiri operekera kanema wa HD ku basi yoyenda: pamene ikudutsa pa mfundoyo, filimuyo ili ndi nthawi yotsitsa.
masewera
Niantic, mlengi wa masewera otchuka padziko lonse lapansi Pokemon Go, ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha 5G. Ndipo ichi ndichifukwa chake: osati kale kwambiri, zochitika zamagulu zidawonekera mumasewera - kuwukira. Kuwombera kumafunikira kuti mugwirizane ndi osewera ena kuti mugwire ntchito limodzi kuti mugonjetse PokΓ©mon wamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo izi zimabweretsa zochitika zosangalatsa m'moyo weniweni. Choncho, waukulu lodziwika bwino malo a masewera ndi rarest Pokemon Mewtwo ili Times Square ku New York - mukhoza kulingalira zimene khamu akhoza kusonkhana kumeneko, wopangidwa osati osaka Pokemon, komanso alendo.
Zowona zenizeni zimawonedwanso ngati "pulogalamu yakupha" ya 5G. Mu zimenezo
zoyendera
Pomaliza, nkhani ya sitimayi ndi yosangalatsa. Lingaliro linatuluka loti apereke njanjiyi ndi mauthenga a 5G kuti asangalale ndi chitonthozo cha okwera. Maphunziro a University of Bristol
Chitsanzo cha momwe mungayikitsire malo olowera panjanji yanjanji
Mayeso adachitidwa bwino pa sitima yapamtunda yomwe ikugwira ntchito pafupi ndi Tokyo - yawo
Zatsopano zogwiritsa ntchito
Koma zonsezi ndi njira yothetsera mavuto omwe timawadziwa kale. Ndi zinthu ziti zatsopano zomwe 5G ingatipatse?
Galimoto yolumikizidwa
Ubwino waukulu ndi kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono, kulola makina kuti azilankhulana pa liwiro la 500 km / h. Mosiyana ndi madalaivala a anthu, magalimoto amatha kukambirana okha kapena kukhazikitsa njira zoyendetsera bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msewu ukhale wotetezeka. Ndizosangalatsa kuti dongosololi lidzaganizira za nyengo: aliyense amadziwa kuti nyengo yotsetsereka mtunda wa braking ndi wautali, kotero malamulo amtunduwu ayenera kusintha.
European 5GAA (Automotive Association) yasonkhanitsa kale anthu opitilira 100 opanga ma telecom ndi magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi kuti afulumizitse kutumizidwa kwa C-V2X (Magalimoto a Ma Cellular-To-Everything). Zolinga zazikulu za mgwirizanowu ndi chitetezo chokwanira pamsewu komanso kuyendetsa bwino magalimoto. Okwera njinga ndi oyenda pansi omwe ali ndi mafoni a 5G amathanso kudalira chitetezo. Omwe atenga nawo gawo pamtunda wa 1 km azitha kulumikizana mwachindunji; patali ataliatali adzafunika kulumikizidwa kwa 5G. Njirayi idzaonetsetsa kuti pakhale makonde a apolisi ndi ma ambulansi, kupereka kusinthana kwa masensa pakati pa magalimoto, kuyendetsa kutali ndi zozizwitsa zina. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa C-V2X, bungweli likukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zapezedwa mu 5G V2X, kumene zidzatengera makampani 4.0, mizinda yanzeru ndi chirichonse chomwe chikuyenda chimagwiritsa ntchito 5G.
Zitsanzo za zochitika zomwe zingathetsedwe pogwiritsa ntchito Connected Car. Gwero: Qualcomm
5G idzalola kulankhulana osati kwa magalimoto apansi okha, komanso ndege. Chaka chino, Samsung, pamodzi ndi Spanish Internet provider Orange,
Makampani 4.0
Nthawi zambiri, mawu akuti "Industrie 4.0" adapangidwa ku Germany chifukwa cha pulogalamu yake yosinthira mafakitale. Chiyanjano
Ntchito zina, monga kulankhulana pakati pa olamulira mafakitale kapena ndi anthu ogwira ntchito, ma sensa network, ndizovuta kwambiri. Masiku ano, ambiri mwa ma netiwekiwa amagwiritsa ntchito chingwe, kotero opanda zingwe 5G ikuwoneka ngati njira yothandiza pazachuma, kuphatikiza kulola kukonzanso mwachangu kupanga.
M'malo mwake, kuthekera kwachuma kudzatsogolera ku kukhazikitsidwa kwa 5G m'malo okwera mtengo kwambiri a anthu, monga oyendetsa ma forklift m'mafakitole ndi nyumba zosungiramo katundu. Chifukwa chake, kampani yaku Europe yaukadaulo Acciona idawonetsa
Matekinoloje ogwirizana akutali adzapita patsogolo. Chaka chino, zidawonetsedwa momwe katswiri wa opaleshoni amawonera momwe opaleshoni ya khansa ikuyendera munthawi yeniyeni, yomwe ikuchitika pamtunda wa makilomita ambiri, ndikuwonetsa anzake momwe angachitire bwino opaleshoniyo. Pamene luso lamakono likupita patsogolo, adzatha kugwira ntchito yowonjezereka, kuyang'anira mwachindunji zida zopangira opaleshoni.
Intaneti zinthu
Choyamba, 5G idzathetsa vuto la njira zambiri zoyankhulirana za Internet of Things, zomwe panopa, m'malingaliro athu, zimalepheretsa chitukuko cha dera lino.
Apa 5G ikhoza kupereka zotsatirazi:
- Ma network a Ad hoc (popanda ma router)
- Kuchulukana kwakukulu kwa zida zolumikizidwa
- Imathandizira kulumikizana kwa narrowband, yopatsa mphamvu (zaka 10+ pa batri imodzi).
Koma zikuwoneka kuti mabizinesi akulu akadali ndi chidwi ndi zochitika zina kupatula pa intaneti ya Zinthu. Kusaka mwachangu pa intaneti sikunapeze ziwonetsero za osewera ofunika zaubwino wa 5G pa intaneti ya Zinthu.
Pomaliza mutuwu, tiyeni titchere khutu ku kuthekera kosangalatsa kotsatiraku. Masiku ano, kudalira kotulutsa kapena kufunikira kosintha mabatire kumachepetsa kusankha kwa "zinthu". Kutsika kwa mawaya opanda zingwe kumangogwira ntchito pamtunda wa masentimita ochepa. 5G ndi mafunde ake olowera mamilimita azithandizira kulipiritsa bwino pamtunda wamamita angapo. Ngakhale kuti miyezo yamakono siyikulongosola izi, sitikukayikira kuti mainjiniya posachedwapa apeza njira zopezera mwayi umenewu!
Mawonekedwe a Mapulogalamu
Ngati mumakonda mutuwu, mungapite kuti?
Kulumikizana. Mutha kukumana panokha osewera a 5G pamisonkhano ikubwera yaku Russia
Zina mwazokhudzana ndi maphunziro ziyenera kudziwidwa
Ndalama. Osewera akuluakulu akuchita mipikisano kuti agwiritse ntchito 5G m'malo osiyanasiyana. Ku US Verizon posachedwa
Kuyika kwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa Big Four oyendetsa mafoni, pali makampani angapo ku Russia omwe akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito 5G posachedwa. Chitsanzo cha bizinesi cha omwe akutsogolera operekera zinthu ku Russia ndi CIS, CDNVideo, ndi malipiro a kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe alandiridwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito 5G, komwe kungachepetse mtengowu, kudzalola kampaniyo kuchepetsa ndalama. PlayKey ikulimbikitsa masewera pamtambo, ndipo sizosadabwitsa kuti ikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito 5G.
Chotsani Chotsegula, ikuyenera kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu pazachuma. Amereka
Olemba:
Stanislav Polonsky - Mtsogoleri wa Advanced Research and Development Department ya Samsung Research Center
Tatyana Volkova - Wolemba maphunziro a pulojekiti ya IoT Samsung Academy, katswiri wamapulogalamu okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ku Samsung Research Center.
Source: www.habr.com