Ukadaulo wa Big Data tsopano ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse—m’makampani, zamankhwala, mabizinesi, ndi zosangalatsa. Popanda kusanthula kwakukulu kwa deta, ogulitsa akuluakulu sakanatha kugwira ntchito moyenera, malonda a Amazon angachepetse, ndipo akatswiri a zanyengo sangathe kuneneratu za nyengo, masabata, ndi miyezi pasadakhale. Ndizomveka kuti akatswiri akuluakulu a data akufunika kwambiri, ndipo kufunikira kukukulirakulira.
GeekBrains imaphunzitsa akatswiri pantchito iyi, kupatsa ophunzira chidziwitso chaukadaulo komanso luso laukadaulo, pogwiritsa ntchito akatswiri odziwa zambiri. Chaka chino Akatswiri a Big Data ochokera ku yunivesite yapaintaneti ya GeekUniversity ndi X5 Retail Group, wogulitsa wamkulu ku Russia, agwirizana. Akatswiri a kampaniyo, ndi chidziwitso chawo chokwanira komanso luso lawo, adathandizira kupanga maphunziro odziwika bwino omwe amapatsa ophunzira maphunziro apamwamba komanso odziwa zambiri.
Tidalankhula ndi Valery Babushkin, Director of Data Modelling and Analysis ku X5 Retail Group. Iye ndi mmodzi wa asayansi a data padziko lonse lapansi (ali pa nambala 30 padziko lonse lapansi pakuphunzira makina). Pamodzi ndi aphunzitsi ena, Valery amaphunzitsa ophunzira a GeekBrains za kuyezetsa kwa A/B, ziwerengero zamasamu zomwe zimatsata njirazi, komanso machitidwe amakono owerengera komanso zowunikira pakuyesa kuyesa kwa A/B pamalonda osapezeka pa intaneti.
Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira kuyesa kwa A / B konse?
Iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zopezera njira zabwino zosinthira kutembenuka, zizindikiro zachuma, ndi machitidwe. Njira zina zilipo, koma ndizokwera mtengo komanso zovuta. Ubwino waukulu wakuyesa kwa A/B ndi mtengo wake wotsika komanso kupezeka kwa mabizinesi amtundu uliwonse.
Kuyesa kwa A/B ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zopezera ndi kupanga zisankho zabizinesi - zisankho zomwe zimakhudza phindu komanso kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamakampani. Kuyesa kumalola kuti zisankho zipangidwe potengera malingaliro ndi malingaliro, komanso chidziwitso chothandiza cha momwe kusintha kwina kumasinthira kuyanjana kwamakasitomala ndi netiweki.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti pamalonda, chirichonse chiyenera kuyesedwa-makampeni amalonda, mauthenga a SMS, kuyesa mauthenga omwewo, kuika katundu pa mashelufu, ndi mashelufu omwe ali pamalo ogulitsa. Zikafika pamasitolo apaintaneti, mutha kuyesa masanjidwe azinthu, mapangidwe, zolemba, ndi kukopera.
Kuyesa kwa A/B ndi chida chomwe chimathandiza kampani, monga wogulitsa, kukhalabe wampikisano, kuzindikira zosintha mwachangu, ndikusintha moyenera. Izi zimathandiza kuti bizinesiyo ikhale yogwira mtima momwe mungathere, kukulitsa phindu.
Kodi ma nuances a njira izi ndi ati?
Chofunika ndi kukhala ndi cholinga kapena vuto lomwe lidzakhala maziko oyesera. Mwachitsanzo, vuto likhoza kukhala kuchuluka kwamakasitomala otsika m'malo ogulitsira njerwa kapena malo ogulitsira pa intaneti. Cholinga ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa makasitomala. Lingaliro ndiloti ngati makhadi ogulitsa pa intaneti apangidwa kukhala okulirapo komanso zithunzi zowala, zogula zambiri zidzagulidwa. Kenaka, mayeso a A / B amachitidwa, zomwe zotsatira zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kusintha. Zotsatira za mayeso onse zikalowa, dongosolo lothandizira kusintha tsamba litha kupangidwa.
Sikoyenera kuyesa mayeso motsatana, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti zotsatira zikhale zovuta kuziwunika. Ndikoyenera kuti muyambe kuyesa pazolinga zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri komanso zongoyerekeza poyamba.
Mayesowo ayenera kuthamanga nthawi yayitali kuti zotsatira zake ziwoneke ngati zodalirika. Utali wotani ndendende zimadalira, ndithudi, pa mayeso palokha. Mwachitsanzo, usiku wa Chaka Chatsopano, anthu ambiri amapita kumasitolo ambiri pa intaneti. Ngati mapangidwe a sitolo ya pa intaneti adasinthidwa kale, kuyesa kwakanthawi kochepa kungasonyeze kuti zonse zili bwino, kusintha kunali kopambana, ndipo magalimoto akukula. Koma ziribe kanthu zomwe mungachite tchuthi lisanafike, magalimoto adzakula. Mayeso asamalizidwe Chaka Chatsopano chisanachitike kapena chitangotha; iyenera kukhala yotalika mokwanira kuti izindikire zolumikizana zonse.
Kufunika kwa kulumikizana momveka bwino pakati pa cholinga ndi metric yomwe ikuyezedwa. Mwachitsanzo, mutakonzanso tsamba la sitolo ya pa intaneti, kampani ikhoza kuwona kuwonjezeka kwa alendo kapena makasitomala ndikukhutira ndi zotsatira zake. Komabe, kunena zoona, mtengo wamtengo wapatali ukhoza kukhala wotsika kusiyana ndi nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phindu likhale lochepa kwambiri. Izi, ndithudi, sizingaganizidwe ngati zotsatira zabwino. Vuto ndilakuti kampaniyo sinayesere nthawi imodzi ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kuchuluka kwa alendo, kuchuluka kwa kugula, komanso kuchuluka kwa maoda.
Kodi kuyesa kwa ogulitsa pa intaneti okha?
Ayi konse. Njira yodziwika bwino pakugulitsa osagulitsa pa intaneti ndikukhazikitsa mapaipi athunthu poyesa zongopeka popanda intaneti. Iyi ndi njira yomwe imachepetsa chiopsezo chosankha molakwika magulu oyesera, kupeza malire abwino pakati pa chiwerengero cha masitolo, nthawi yoyendetsa ndege, ndi kukula kwa zotsatira zomwe zikuyesedwa. Zimakhudzanso kugwiritsa ntchitonso ndikusintha mosalekeza njira zowunikira zotsatira. Njirayi ndiyofunikira kuti muchepetse mwayi wazinthu zabodza ndi zotsatira zomwe zaphonya, komanso kukulitsa chidwi, chifukwa ngakhale zochepa zimatha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri pabizinesi yayikulu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuzindikira ngakhale kusintha pang'ono ndikuchepetsa zoopsa, kuphatikiza kupanga malingaliro olakwika pazotsatira zoyeserera.
Retail, Big Data, and Real-World Case Studies
Chaka chatha, akatswiri a X5 Retail Group adawunika momwe amagulitsira zinthu zodziwika bwino pakati pa mafani a World Cup 2018. Ngakhale kuti panalibe zodabwitsa, ziwerengerozo zinali zosangalatsa.
Madzi, mwachitsanzo, adatuluka ngati "nambala wani ogulitsa kwambiri." M'mizinda yomwe ili ndi World Cup, malonda amadzi adakwera pafupifupi 46%, ndi Sochi akutsogolera, akuwonjezera malonda ndi 87%. Pamasiku amasewera, malonda apamwamba kwambiri adalembedwa ku Saransk, komwe malonda adakwera ndi 160% poyerekeza ndi masiku okhazikika.
Kupatula madzi, mafani adagulanso mowa. Kuyambira pa Juni 14 mpaka Julayi 15, kugulitsa mowa m'mizinda yomwe ikuchitikira machesi kudakwera ndi 31,8%. Sochi adatsogoleranso njira, ndikugulitsa mowa kumeneko 64%. Komabe, ku St. Petersburg, chiwonjezekocho chinali chaching’ono—5,6 peresenti yokha. Pamasiku amasewera, kugulitsa mowa ku Saransk kudakweranso ndi 128%.
Kafukufuku adapangidwanso pazinthu zina. Zomwe zapezedwa m'masiku ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zimalola kulosera zolondola zamtsogolo, poganizira zochitika. Kuneneratu kolondola kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kuyembekezera zomwe ogula amayembekezera.
Poyesa, X5 Retail Group idagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri:
Mitundu ya nthawi ya Bayesian yokhala ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana;
Kusanthula kwa regression ndikuwunika kukondera kwa kugawa zolakwika zisanachitike komanso panthawi ya mpikisano.
Ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe ogulitsa amagwiritsa ntchito kuchokera ku Big Data?
- Pali njira zambiri komanso matekinoloje, koma pamwamba pamutu wanga, nazi zina:
- Zoneneratu za zofuna;
- Kukhathamiritsa kwa matrix osiyanasiyana;
- Masomphenya a pakompyuta kuti azindikire mashelufu opanda kanthu ndikuzindikira kupanga mizere;
- Zoneneratu zotsatsa.
Kusowa akatswiri
Kufunika kwa akatswiri a Big Data kukukulirakulira. Mu 2018, chiwerengero cha ntchito zazikulu zokhudzana ndi deta chinawonjezeka kasanu ndi kawiri poyerekeza ndi 2015. Mu theka loyamba la 2019, kufunikira kwa akatswiri kunadutsa 65% ya zofuna za 2018 yonse.
Makampani akuluakulu amafunikira akatswiri a Big Data. Mwachitsanzo, ku Mail.ru Group, amafunikira pulojekiti iliyonse yomwe imakonza zolemba, ma multimedia, ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mawu ndi kusanthula (makamaka mautumiki amtambo, malo ochezera, masewera, ndi zina). Chiwerengero cha ntchito za kampaniyi chawonjezeka katatu pazaka ziwiri zapitazi. M'miyezi isanu ndi itatu yoyambirira ya chaka chino, Mail.ru adalemba ntchito akatswiri ambiri a Big Data monga momwe adachitira chaka chathachi. Ku Ozon, dipatimenti ya Data Science yakula katatu pazaka ziwiri zapitazi. Megafon ikukumana ndi zomwezi: gulu lomwe limayang'anira kusanthula deta lakula mowirikiza kangapo pazaka ziwiri ndi theka zapitazi.
Palibe kukayika kuti kufunikira kwa akatswiri a Big Data kudzakula kwambiri mtsogolo. Ndiye ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi nkhaniyi, ndi bwino kuyesa.
Source: www.habr.com
