Ndikadapereka Mphotho ya Nobel kwa Jean Tirole, ndikadapereka chifukwa chowunikira mbiri yake yamasewera, kapena ndikuphatikizanso mukupanga. Zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti iyi ndi nkhani yomwe intuition yathu imagwirizana bwino ndi chitsanzo, ngakhale kuti n'zovuta kuyesa chitsanzo ichi. Izi zikuchokera mndandanda wa zitsanzo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kapena zosatheka kutsimikizira ndikunama. Koma lingalirolo likuwoneka ngati lanzeru kwambiri kwa ine.
Mphoto ya Nobel
Cholinga cha mphothoyo ndikuchoka komaliza kuchokera ku lingaliro logwirizana la kusamvana kwakukulu monga kusanthula kwachuma chilichonse.
Ndipepese kwa akatswiri azachuma m'chipinda chino, ndifotokoza modziwika bwino zoyambira za chiphunzitso cha general equilibrium mu mphindi 20.
1950
Lingaliro lomwe lilipo ndikuti dongosolo lazachuma limatsatiridwa ndi malamulo okhwima (monga zenizeni zenizeni - malamulo a Newton). Kunali kupambana kwa njira yogwirizanitsa sayansi yonse pansi pa denga linalake. Kodi denga ili likuwoneka bwanji?
Pali msika. Pali chiwerengero china (n) cha mabanja, ogula katundu, omwe msika umagwirira ntchito (katundu amadyedwa). Ndi chiwerengero china (J) cha maphunziro a msikawu (kupanga katundu). Phindu la wopanga aliyense limagawidwa mwanjira ina pakati pa ogula.
Pali mankhwala 1,2...L. Katundu ndi chinthu chomwe chimatha kudyedwa. Ngati mwakuthupi mankhwalawo ndi ofanana, koma amadyedwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana kapena pazigawo zosiyanasiyana m'malo, ndiye kuti izi ndi katundu wosiyana kale.
Katundu pa nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yomwe wapatsidwa. Makamaka, mankhwalawa sangakhale ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali. (Osati magalimoto, koma chakudya, ndipo ngakhale, osati chakudya chonse).
Izi zikutanthauza kuti tili ndi malo RL a mapulani opanga. Danga la L-dimensional, vekitala iliyonse imatanthauziridwa motere. Timagwirizanitsa zomwe zili ndi nambala zolakwika, kuziyika mu "bokosi lakuda" la kupanga, ndikutulutsa zigawo zabwino za vector yomweyo.
Mwachitsanzo, (2,-1,3) amatanthauza kuti kuchokera ku 1 unit ya chinthu chachiwiri tikhoza kupanga mayunitsi awiri a choyamba ndi mayunitsi atatu a chachitatu nthawi imodzi. Ngati vekitala ili ndi gawo la kuthekera kopanga.
Y1, Y2… YJ ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono mu RL. Kupanga kulikonse ndi "bokosi lakuda".
Mitengo (p1, p2… pL)… amachita chiyani? Amagwa kuchokera padenga.
Ndiwe manejala wa kampani. Kampani ndi gulu la mapulani opanga omwe atha kukhazikitsidwa. Zoyenera kuchita mutalandira chizindikiro chotere - (p1, p2... pL)?
Economics yachikale imalamula kuti muyese ma vector onse a pV omwe amavomerezedwa kwa inu pamitengo iyi.
Ndipo timakulitsa pV, pomwe V akuchokera ku Yj. Izi zimatchedwa Pj(p).
Mitengo ikugwerani, mwauzidwa, ndipo muyenera kukhulupirira mosakayikira kuti mitengo idzakhala choncho. Izi zimatchedwa "khalidwe lotengera mitengo".
Atalandira chizindikiro kuchokera ku "mitengo", iliyonse yamakampani idatulutsa P1(p), P2(p)… PJ(p). Kodi chikuchitika n'chiyani kwa iwo? Theka lakumanzere, ogula, aliyense wa iwo ali ndi zoyambira w1(р), w2…wJ(р) ndi magawo a phindu m'makampani δ11, δ12…δ1J, zomwe zidzapangidwa kumanja.
Pakhoza kukhala otsika oyambira w, koma pakhoza kukhala magawo ambiri, pomwe wosewera ayamba ndi bajeti yayikulu.
Wogula alinso ndi zokonda א. Amadziwikiratu ndipo sasintha. Zokonda zidzamulola kuti afanizire ma vectors aliwonse kuchokera ku RL ndi wina ndi mzake, malinga ndi "khalidwe", kuchokera pamalingaliro ake. Kumvetsetsa kwathunthu za inu nokha. Simunayesepo nthochi (ndinayesa ndili ndi zaka 10), koma muli ndi lingaliro la momwe mungakonde. Lingaliro lamphamvu kwambiri lazambiri.
Wogula amawunika mitengo ya pwi lake loyamba ndikugawa magawo a phindu:
Wogula nawonso amakhulupirira mosakayikira mitengo yomwe amalandira ndikuwunika zomwe amapeza. Pambuyo pake amayamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito ndikufikira malire ake azachuma.
Wogula amakulitsa zomwe amakonda. Utility ntchito. Ndi xi iti yomwe idzamubweretsere phindu lalikulu? Paradigm ya khalidwe labwino.
Kugawikana kotheratu kwa mayiko kukuchitika. Mitengo ikutsika kuchokera kumwamba chifukwa cha inu. Pamitengo iyi, makampani onse akukulitsa phindu. Ogula onse amalandira ngongole zawo ndikuchita nawo zomwe akufuna, amawononga chilichonse chomwe akufuna (kukulitsa ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito) pazinthu zomwe zilipo, pamitengo yomwe ilipo. Wokometsedwa Xi(р) kuwonekera.
Zimanenedwanso kuti mitengo ndi yofanana, p *, ngati zosankha zonse za ogwira ntchito zachuma zimagwirizana. Kodi kugwirizana kumatanthauza chiyani?
Chinachitika ndi chiyani? Zoyambira zoyambira, kampani iliyonse idawonjezera mapulani ake opanga:
Izi ndi zomwe tili nazo. Ndipo izi ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi zomwe ogula adapempha:
Mitengo p* imatchedwa equilibrium ngati kufanana kumeneku kwachitika. Pali ma equation ochuluka ngati katundu.
Ndi 1880 Inalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndipo kwa zaka 79, akatswiri a masamu ndi azachuma ankafufuza umboni wosonyeza kuti pali vesi lofananalo. Izi zidatsikira ku topology yovuta kwambiri, ndipo sichinatsimikizidwe mpaka 1941, pomwe idatsimikiziridwa. . Mu 1951, chiphunzitso cha kukhalapo kwa mgwirizano chinatsimikiziridwa kwathunthu.
Koma pang'ono ndi pang'ono chitsanzo ichi chinalowa mu kalasi ya mbiri ya malingaliro a zachuma.
Muyenera kupita nokha ndikuphunzira zitsanzo zakale. Ganizirani chifukwa chake sanagwire ntchito. Kodi kwenikweni zotsutsa zinali kuti? Ndiye mudzakhala ndi chidziwitso, ulendo wabwino wa mbiri yakale.
Mbiri yazachuma iyenera kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane chitsanzo chapamwambachi, chifukwa mitundu yonse yamakono yamakono imakula kuchokera pano.
Zotsutsa
1. Zogulitsa zonse zimafotokozedwa momveka bwino. Kapangidwe ka kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu izi ndi zinthu zokhazikika sizimaganiziridwa.
2. Kupanga kulikonse, kampani ndi "bokosi lakuda". Amafotokozedwa mwangwiro axiomatically. Seti ya ma vectors imatengedwa ndikulengezedwa kuti ndi yovomerezeka.
3. “Dzanja losaoneka la msika”, mitengo ikutsika kuchokera padenga.
4. Makampani mopusa amachulukitsa phindu P.
5. Njira yofikira pamlingo. (Wasayansi aliyense akuyamba kuseka apa: momwe "angazipapase"?). Momwe mungatsimikizire kuti ndizopadera komanso kukhazikika kwake (osachepera).
6. Kusanyenga kwa chitsanzo.
Zonama. Ndili ndi chitsanzo ndipo malinga ndi kunena kuti zochitika zoterezi sizingachitike m'moyo. Anthu awa akhoza, koma anthuwa satero, chifukwa chitsanzo changa chimatsimikizira kuti sipangakhale mgwirizano m'kalasilo. Ngati mupereka chitsanzo chotsutsana, ndinena - ichi ndi malire a kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chitsanzo changa ndi cholemala pamalo ano pazifukwa zina. Izi sizingatheke kuchita ndi chiphunzitso cha general equilibrium ndipo ndichifukwa chake.
Chifukwa... Nchiyani chimatsimikizira khalidwe la dongosolo lazachuma kunja kwa mgwirizano? Kwa ena "r"? Ndizotheka kupanga kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kopitilira muyeso.
Timatsitsa mitengo kuchokera padenga ndikudziwa ndendende kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zidzakhale zochepa komanso zomwe zidzakhale zochuluka. Titha kunena za vector iyi (theorem ya 1970) kuti ngati zinthu zazing'ono zimakumana, ndiye kuti nthawi zonse ndizotheka kupanga dongosolo lazachuma (kuwonetsa deta yoyambira) momwe ntchitoyi idzakhala yofunikira kwambiri. Pamitengo iliyonse yotchulidwa, ndendende mtengo wa vector wowonjezera udzatulutsidwa. Ndizotheka kutengera khalidwe lililonse lovomerezeka pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chofanana. Choncho, chitsanzo ichi sibodza. Ikhoza kuneneratu khalidwe lililonse, izi zimachepetsa tanthauzo lake lenileni.
M'malo awiri njira yofananira wamba ikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito momveka bwino. Pali ma computable general equilibrity models omwe amawona macroeconomics amayiko pamlingo wophatikizika. Zingakhale zoipa, koma iwo amaganiza choncho.
Chachiwiri, pali mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri pomwe gawo lopanga limasintha, koma gawo la ogula limakhalabe lofanana. Izi ndi zitsanzo za mpikisano wokhazikika. M'malo mwa "bokosi lakuda," ndondomeko ikuwonekera ya momwe kupanga kumagwirira ntchito, ndipo m'malo mwa "dzanja losaoneka la msika," zikuwoneka kuti kampani iliyonse ili ndi mphamvu zodzilamulira. Gawo lalikulu la msika wapadziko lonse lapansi ndilokhazikika.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zonena zokhwima zimaperekedwa pazachuma: "Mchitidwewu uyenera kulosera zomwe zidzachitike mawa" ndi "Zoyenera kuchita ngati zinthu sizili bwino." Mafunsowa alibe tanthauzo m'lingaliro la chiphunzitso cha general equilibrium. Pali lingaliro (lingaliro loyamba lazaumoyo): "Kugwirizana nthawi zonse kumakhala kothandiza kwa Pareto." Zikutanthauza kuti sizingatheke kukonza zinthu m'dongosolo lino kwa aliyense nthawi imodzi. Ngati muwongolera munthu, zimatheka ndi ndalama za wina.
Chiphunzitsochi chimasiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe tikuwona pozungulira ife, kuphatikizapo mfundo yachisanu ndi chiwiri:
7. “Zinthu zonse ndi zachinsinsi ndipo palibe zakunja”..
M'malo mwake, zinthu zambiri "zimamangidwa" wina ndi mnzake. Pali zitsanzo zambiri zomwe zochitika zachuma zimakhudzirana (kutaya zinyalala mumtsinje, ndi zina zotero) Kulowererapo kungabweretse kusintha kwa onse omwe akutenga nawo mbali muzochita.
Buku lalikulu la Tyrol: "Theory of Industrial Organisation"
Sitingathe kuyembekezera kuti misika idzalumikizana bwino ndikupanga zotsatira zabwino, tikuwona izi ponseponse.
Funso ndi ili: Kodi angalowerere bwanji kuti akonze zinthu? Bwanji osachikulitsa kwambiri?
Zimachitika kuti, mwamalingaliro, ndikofunikira kulowererapo, koma pochita:
8. Palibe chidziwitso chokwanira chofunikira kuti alowerere bwino.
Muchitsanzo chofanana - chokwanira.
Ndanena kale kuti izi ndi zomwe anthu amakonda. Polowererapo, muyenera kudziwa zomwe anthuwa amakonda. Tangoganizani kuti mukuchitapo kanthu pazochitika zina, mudzayamba "kuwongolera". Muyenera kudziwa zambiri za yemwe "adzavutika" ndi izi komanso momwe angachitire. Mwina ndizomveka kuti othandizira azachuma omwe angavutike pang'ono anganene kuti adzavutika kwambiri. Ndipo amene apambana pang’ono adzapambana zambiri. Ngati tilibe mwayi wofufuza izi, lowetsani mutu wa munthu ndikupeza kuti ntchito yake yothandiza ndi yotani.
Palibe njira yamitengo mu "dzanja losawoneka la msika", ndi
9. Mpikisano wangwiro.
Njira yamakono yomwe mitengo imachokera, yotchuka kwambiri, ndikuti mitengo imalengezedwa ndi munthu amene amakonza msika. Gawo lalikulu kwambiri la zochitika zamakono ndi zochitika zomwe zimadutsa m'malo ogulitsa. Njira yabwino kwambiri yachitsanzo ichi, ponena za kusakhulupirira dzanja losawoneka la msika, ndilo lingaliro la malonda. Ndipo mfundo yaikulu mmenemo ndi chidziwitso. Kodi wogulitsa malonda ali ndi chidziwitso chanji? Ndikuphunzira pano, ndine wotsutsa pa imodzi mwazolemba zomwe zidachitika ku Yandex. Yandex imapanga malonda otsatsa. Iwo “akufoka” pa inu. Yandex ikugwira ntchito yogulitsa bwino. Zolembazo ndizabwino kwambiri, chimodzi mwazomaliza sichimayembekezereka: "Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa kuti pali wosewera yemwe ali ndi kubetcha kwakukulu." Osati pafupifupi (pali 30% ya otsatsa omwe ali ndi udindo wamphamvu kwambiri ndi zopempha), ndiye kuti chidziwitsochi sichinthu poyerekeza ndi chakuti mukudziwa kuti munthu walowadi msika ndipo tsopano akuyesera kuyika malonda awa. Zowonjezera izi zimakulolani kuti musinthe kwambiri malo oti mutenge nawo mbali, ndikuwonjezera kwambiri ndalama kuchokera ku malonda a malo otsatsa malonda, zomwe ziri zodabwitsa. Sindinaganizire konse, koma pamene makinawo adandifotokozera ndipo masamu adawonetsedwa, ndinayenera kuvomereza kuti zinali choncho. Yandex idakhazikitsa ndipo idawona kuwonjezeka kwa phindu.
Ngati mukulowererapo pamsika, muyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe aliyense amakonda. Zimakhala sizikuwonekeranso kuti ndikofunikira kulowererapo.
Palinso kumvetsetsa kwachiphamaso komwe kumatha kukhala kolakwika kotheratu. Mwachitsanzo, kumvetsetsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa monopoly ndikuti ndi bwino kuwongolera olamulira okha, mwachitsanzo, kuwagawa m'makampani awiri, atatu kapena anayi, oligopoly idzawuka ndipo chitukuko cha anthu chidzawonjezeka. Izi ndizomwe zili m'mabuku ophunzirira. Koma zimadalira mmene zinthu zilili. Ngati muli ndi katundu wokhazikika, chitsanzo ichi cha khalidwe la boma chikhoza kuwononga kwambiri. Ayi 0 zaka zapitazo panali chitsanzo chenicheni.
Tinayamba kutulutsa zolemba za Rock Encyclopedia. Tinali ndi makope ena omwe ankangoyendayenda kusukulu amene amati anali Baibulo laling'ono ndipo ankagulitsidwa pamtengo wa 40 rubles. Miyezi iwiri inadutsa ndipo mashelufu onse anali odzaza ndi zolemba izi ndipo amawononga ma ruble atatu. Anthu awa adayesa kubisa anthu kuti izi zidali zokhazokha. Wolamulira yekha, ngati atulutsa katundu wokhazikika, amayamba kupikisana nawo "mawa". Ngati ayesa kugulitsa pamtengo wokwera lero, mawa chinthu ichi chikhoza kugulitsidwanso / kuwomboledwa. Iye amavutika kutsimikizira ogula lero kuti asadikire mpaka mawa. Mitengo ndi yotsika kuposa nthawi zonse. Zinali .
Pali "Coase hypothesis," yomwe imati munthu wokhala ndi mphamvu zokhazikika yemwe amawunikiranso mfundo zake zamitengo nthawi zambiri amataya mphamvu zolamulira. Pambuyo pake, izi zidatsimikiziridwa mosamalitsa kutengera chiphunzitso chamasewera.
Tiyerekeze kuti simukudziwa zotsatira izi ndipo mwaganiza zogawaniza okhawo okhawo. Oligopoly yokhala ndi katundu wokhazikika idatulukira. Iyenera kutsatiridwa mwamphamvu. Zotsatira zake, amasunga mtengo wokhazikika! Ndi njira ina mozungulira. Kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane msika ndikofunikira kwambiri.
10. Kufuna
Pali mamiliyoni a ogula mdziko muno; kuphatikizika kudzachitika mu chitsanzo. M'malo mwa kuchuluka kwa ogula ang'onoang'ono, ogula ophatikizana adzawuka. Izi zimabweretsa mavuto ambiri mwanthanthi komanso zofunikira.
Kuphatikizika kumatsutsana ndi zomwe amakonda komanso zofunikira. (Borman, 1953). Mutha kuphatikizira zofanana ndi zokonda zosavuta. Chitsanzocho chidzakhala ndi zotayika.
Mu chitsanzo cha aggregate, kufunikira ndi bokosi lakuda.
Panali ndege zina. Ankakwera ndege imodzi patsiku kupita ku Yekaterinburg. Ndiyeno zinakhala ziwiri. Ndipo mmodzi wa iwo amachoka 6 koloko m'mawa kuchokera ku Moscow. Zachiyani?
Mumagawa msika, ndipo kwa "anthu olemera" omwe safuna kuwuluka mofulumira, mumayika mtengo wapamwamba.
Palinso kutsutsa kwanzeru. Kuti anthu azichita zinthu mopanda nzeru. Koma paunyinji maganizo anzeru amawonekera pang’onopang’ono.
Ngati mukufuna kuphunzira zachuma, choyamba phunzirani chitsanzo chambiri. Kenako “yambani kukayikira” ndipo fufuzani chotsutsa chilichonse. Kuchokera kwa aliyense wa iwo sayansi yonse imayamba! Ngati muphunzira "mitu" yonseyi, mudzakhala katswiri wazachuma.
Tirol anawonekera mu kulongosola kwa "zotsutsa" zingapo. Koma sindicho chifukwa chake ndingamupatse Mphotho ya Nobel.
Momwe mungapangire mbiri
Ndikupangira kuti uganizire za nkhanizi. ndipo ndikakuuzani za mbiri yanga, tidzakambirana.
Mu 2005, ku Georgia kunachitika zinthu zomwe sizinachitikepo. Apolisi onse mdziko muno adachotsedwa ntchito. Iyi ndi nkhani yoyamba.
Nkhani yachiwiri. Misonkhano itatha ku Moscow mu 11-12, apolisi onse analandira manambala a manja ndi mikwingwirima yokhala ndi mayina awo.
Izi ndi njira ziwiri zosiyana za vuto lomwelo. Kodi dziko kapena gulu la anthu lingapirire bwanji mbiri yoipa kwambiri ya anthu amdera lina?
"Chotsani aliyense ndikulemba ntchito atsopano" kapena "kutengera zachiwawa."
Ndikutsimikizira ndipo ndinena za Tyrol kuti tatenga njira yanzeru kwambiri.
Ndikupatsani zitsanzo zitatu za mbiri. Awiri adadziwika pamaso pa Tyrol, ndipo adatulukira lachitatu.
Kodi mbiri ndi chiyani? Pali dotolo wina wamano yemwe mumapitako ndikupangira dotoloyu kwa anthu ena. Uwu ndi mbiri yake, adadzipangira yekha. Tikambirana za mbiri ya gulu.
Pali gulu - zigawenga, amalonda, dziko, mtundu (Azungu sakonda kukambirana mawu ena).
Chitsanzo 1
Pali gulu. M'kati mwake wophunzira aliyense ali ndi "pamphumi pake" zolembedwa. Atatuluka m’menemo, adamudziwa kale munthu. Koma simungadziŵe ndi munthu wa m’gulu limeneli ngati ali kapena ayi. Mwachitsanzo, USA ikalandira ophunzira ochokera ku NES pamapulogalamu a PhD.
Kawirikawiri, America imanyoza dziko lonse lapansi. Ngati palibe mivi, amanyoza, ngati pali mivi, amanyoza ndi kuchita mantha. Amachitira dziko motere ndipo nthawi yomweyo amaponya ndodo ngati msodzi ... O, nsomba zabwino! Udzakhala nsomba ya ku America. Dziko lino silinamangidwe pa mfundo zoyambirira zachifasisti, koma pa zolengedwa. Tidzasonkhanitsa zabwino zonse ndichifukwa chake ndife opambana.
Wina wochokera ku "dziko lachitatu" amabwera ku America ndipo zikuwoneka kuti adamaliza maphunziro ake ku NES. Ndiyeno chinachake chimawala pamaso pa olemba ntchito. Mlingo wa mayesowo ndi wocheperako kuposa kuti unachokera ku NES.
Ichi ndi chitsanzo chapamwamba kwambiri.
Chitsanzo 2
Osati kulondola ndale konse.
Kudziwika ngati msampha wamabungwe.
Taonani munthu wakuda akubwera kudzakugwirani ntchito. (Ku America) Ndinu abwanamkubwa, yang’anani kwa iye: “Eya, iye ndi wa Negro, kwenikweni sindine kanthu kotsutsana ndi a Negro, sindine watsankho. Koma iwo ali, ponseponse, opusa basi. Ndicho chifukwa chake sindidzatenga. " Ndipo mumakhala watsankho "ndi zochita", osati ndi malingaliro.
"Sindikudziwa ngati ndiwe wanzeru, mnyamata, koma pafupifupi, anthu ngati iwe ndi opusa. Chifukwa chake, ndikangokana, ndidzakukanani.
Kodi msampha wamabungwe ndi chiyani? Zaka 10 zapitazo mnyamata uyu anapita kusukulu. Ndipo akuganiza kuti: “Kodi ndiphunzira pamodzi ndi mnansi wanga woyera pa desiki langa? Zachiyani? Adzangokulembani ntchito zantchito zotsika. Ngakhale nditagwira ntchito molimbika ndikupeza diploma, sindingathe kutsimikizira chilichonse kwa aliyense. Ndikudziwa momwe zonse zimagwirira ntchito - adzawona nkhope yanga yakuda ndikuganiza kuti ndine wofanana ndi wina aliyense mgulu langa. " Zikusanduka kukhala bwino bwino. Anthu akuda samaphunzira chifukwa salembedwa ntchito, komanso salemba ntchito chifukwa saphunzira. Kuphatikiza kokhazikika kwa njira za osewera onse.
Chitsanzo 3
Pali kuyanjana kwina. Zomwe zimachitika pakati pa munthu wosankhidwa mwachisawawa kuchokera kwa anthu awa (anthu) ndi (apolisi). Kapena amalonda a kasitomu.
Ndili ndi mnzanga wamalonda yemwe nthawi zambiri amalankhulana ndi miyambo, ndipo amatsimikizira chitsanzo ichi.
Muli ndi chosowa / chikhumbo cha munthu (kuchokera kwa anthu / wamalonda) kuti mulumikizane (apolisi / miyambo) ndikumupatsa "ntchito" yamtundu wina. Kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu zilili ndikunyamula katundu. Ndipo motero akusonyeza kukhulupirira. Ndipo munthu pomwepo amasankha. Alibe sitampu pamphumi pake (chitsanzo 1), kapena chisankho chodzipangira yekha (chitsanzo 2), kapena chirichonse chomwe chimakonzeratu momwe angagwiritsire ntchito lero. Pali chifuniro chake chamakono chokha.
Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chisankhochi chimadalira komanso komwe msampha umayambira?
Mwamunayo akuyang’ana mkuluyo. Tyrol anangopereka lingaliro limodzi lokha, chinthu chomwe chinali chokayikitsa m’tanthauzo lake. Koma amalongosola zonse. Iye ananena kuti n’zosadalilika za mkuluyu zimene anachita m’mbuyomo. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, pali nkhani yokhudza aliyense. M’chenicheni, zingadziŵike ponena za wapolisi ameneyu kuti ankabera ndalama pogwira ntchito yake. Tinamva nkhani za mkulu wa kasitomu ameneyu zokhudza mmene amachedwetsera katundu. Koma mwina simunamvepo.
Pali gawo la theta kuyambira 0 mpaka 1, kuti ngati ili pafupi ndi ziro, ndiye kuti mumachokapo chilichonse. Kunena zowona, ngati wapolisi alibe ziphaso zilizonse, amatha kumenya aliyense, palibe amene angadziwe ndipo palibe chomwe chingamuchitikire. Ndipo ngati pali mbale ya layisensi, ndiye kuti theta ili pafupi ndi imodzi. Adzawononga ndalama zambiri.
Ku Georgia, anaganiza zodula nkhwangwa chifukwa cha kupanda chikhulupiriro kotheratu. Analemba apolisi atsopano ndipo amaganiza kuti mbiri yakaleyo idzafa. Tirol akutsutsa kuti pali kufanana kotani komwe kulipo pano ...
Kodi equilibria imagwira ntchito bwanji? Ngati mkulu afikiridwa, ndiye kuti amamuona ngati woona mtima. Munthu akhoza kuchita zinthu moona mtima, kapena kuchita zoipa. Izi zidzatsimikizira pang'ono za "mbiri yanga yangongole". Mawa sangandipeze ngati adziwa kuti ndachita chinyengo. Chikhulupiriro chapakati pa akuluakulu omwe sanatchulidwe ndi chochepa kwambiri. Tsiku lotsatira pali mwayi wochepa woti adzakulumikizani. Ngati mwagwiritsira ntchito kale, ndiye kuti izi ndizosowa ndipo muyenera kuzipindula kwambiri ndikuzibera. Tonse ndife akuba komanso akuba pano ndipo palibe amene angatitembenukire. Tidzapitirizabe kukhala akuba ndi akuba.
Mtundu wina wa kusamvana kwakukulu ndikuti anthu amakhulupirira kuti akuluakulu amachita bwino ndipo amasamalidwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, mawa, ngati mbiri yanu ili yabwino, mudzakhala ndi zotsatsa zambiri. Ndipo ngati mumadziwononga nokha, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa zopempha kwa inu nokha kumachepa. Ndipo iyi ndi mbali yofunika. Ngati muli ndi chikhulupiriro choterocho, mumataya zambiri kuchokera ku khalidwe loipa.
Tirol akuwonetsa kuti muzosintha, zomwe zimawonekera zimadalira kwambiri theta, osati pamikhalidwe yoyambirira.
Poyambitsa theta, mumawonjezera udindo wamunthuyo. Ngati achita bwino, zidzalembedwa kwa iye, anthu adzatembenukira kwa iye, ngakhale osatembenukira kwa ena.
Source: www.habr.com