Pa Habr!
Dzina langa ndine Asya. Ndidapeza phunziro labwino kwambiri, sindingathe kugawana.
Ndikubweretsa kwa inu chidule cha nkhani ya kanema yokhudzana ndi mikangano yamagulu muchilankhulo cha akatswiri a masamu. Nkhani yonse ikupezeka pa ulalo: (A. V. Leonidov, A.V. Savvateev, A. G. Semenov). 2016.
Alexey Vladimirovich Savvateev - Wosankhidwa wa Sayansi Yachuma, Dokotala wa Sayansi Yanyama ndi Masamu, Pulofesa ku MIPT, Wofufuza Wotsogolera ku NES.
M'nkhani ino ndilankhula za momwe akatswiri a masamu ndi masewera a masewera amawonera zochitika zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi voti kuti England achoke ku European Union (, chodabwitsa cha kugawanika kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe ku Russia pambuyo pake , ndi zotsatira zochititsa chidwi.
Kodi mungatsanzire bwanji mikhalidwe yoteroyo kuti ikhale yofanana ndi zenizeni? Kuti mumvetse chodabwitsa, m'pofunika kuchiphunzira mozama, koma phunziro ili lidzapereka chitsanzo.
Social schism zikutanthauza
Zomwe zochitika zitatuzi zikufanana ndikuti munthuyo agwera mumsasa umodzi kapena kukana kutenga nawo mbali ndikukambirana zomwe wasankha. Iwo. Kusankhidwa kwa munthu aliyense ndi ternary - kuchokera kuzinthu zitatu:
- 0-kukana kutenga nawo mbali pa mkangano;
- 1 - kutenga nawo mbali mkangano kumbali imodzi;
- -1 - kutenga nawo mbali pa mkangano mbali ina.
Pali zotsatira zachindunji zomwe zimagwirizana ndi malingaliro anu pa mkangano weniweni. Pali lingaliro lakuti munthu aliyense ali ndi mtundu wina wa chidziwitso cha yemwe ali pano. Ndipo ichi ndi kusintha kwenikweni.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu sakumvetsa kuti ndani amene ali wolondola, mfundoyo imakhala pamzere wa nambala penapake mozungulira ziro, mwachitsanzo pa 0,1. Pamene munthu ali wotsimikiza 100% kuti wina ali wolondola, ndiye chizindikiro chake chamkati chidzakhala kale -3 kapena +15, malingana ndi mphamvu ya zikhulupiriro zake. Ndiko kuti, pali zinthu zina zomwe munthu ali nazo m'mutu mwake, ndipo zimasonyeza maganizo ake pa nkhondoyo.
Ndikofunikira kuti ngati mutasankha 0, ndiye kuti izi sizikutanthauza zotsatirapo kwa inu, palibe kupambana pamasewera, mwasiya kusamvana.
Ngati musankha chinthu chomwe sichikugwirizana ndi malo anu, ndiye kuti minus idzawonekera pamaso pa vi, mwachitsanzo vi = - 3. Ngati malo anu amkati akugwirizana ndi mbali ya mkangano umene mumayankhula, ndipo malo anu ndi σi = -1, kenako vi = +3.
Ndiye funso likubuka, pazifukwa ziti zomwe nthawi zina mumafunikira kusankha mbali yolakwika ya zomwe zili m'moyo wanu? Izi zikhoza kuchitika mokakamizidwa ndi malo omwe mumakhala nawo. Ndipo ichi ndi postulate.
Chotsatira chake ndikuti mumakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zomwe simungathe kuzilamulira. Mawu akuti aji ndi gawo lenileni la digiri ndi chizindikiro cha chikoka pa inu kuchokera ku j. Ndinu nambala i, ndipo munthu amene amakulimbikitsani ndi munthu nambala j. Ndiye padzakhala matrix onse a aji yotere.
Munthu uyu j akhoza kukunyengererani moyipa. Mwachitsanzo, umu ndi momwe mungafotokozere zolankhula za munthu wandale yemwe simukukonda kumbali ina ya mkangano. Mukayang'ana sewero ndikuganiza kuti: "Chitsiru ichi, ndikuwona zomwe akunena, ndakuuzani kuti ndi chitsiru."
Komabe, ngati tilingalira chikoka cha munthu wapafupi kapena wolemekezedwa ndi inu, ndiye kuti zimakhala player j pa osewera onse i. Ndipo chikoka ichi chimachulukitsidwa ndi zochitika mwangozi kapena kusiyana kwa maudindo omwe atengedwa.
Iwo. ngati σi, σj ndi chizindikiro chabwino, ndipo nthawi yomweyo aji alinso chizindikiro chabwino, ndiye kuti izi ndizowonjezera ku ntchito yanu yopambana. Ngati inu kapena munthu yemwe ali wofunikira kwambiri kwa inu adatenga zero, ndiye kuti mawuwa kulibe.
Choncho, tinayesetsa kuganizira zotsatira zonse za chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Kenako pamabwera mfundo yotsatira. Pali zitsanzo zambiri zotere zoyankhulirana, zofotokozedwa kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana (zitsanzo zopangira zisankho, zitsanzo zambiri zakunja). Iwo amayang'ana pa lingaliro mulingo wamasewera otchedwa Nash equilibrium. Pali kusakhutira kwakukulu ndi lingaliro ili la masewera omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri, monga UK ndi US zitsanzo zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, mwachitsanzo, mamiliyoni ambiri a anthu.
Munthawi imeneyi, yankho lolondola la vutoli limadutsa pakuyerekeza pogwiritsa ntchito kopitilira. Chiwerengero cha osewera ndi mtundu wina wopitilira, "mtambo" ukusewera, ndi malo enaake ofunikira. Pali chiphunzitso cha masewera opitilira,
"Zotsatira zamasewera omwe si atomiki". Iyi ndi njira ya chiphunzitso chamasewera a cooperative.
Palibe chiphunzitso chosagwirizana ndi masewera omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chopitilira cha otenga nawo mbali ngati chiphunzitso. Pali makalasi osiyana omwe akuphunziridwa, koma chidziwitsochi sichinapangidwebe kukhala chiphunzitso chamba. Ndipo chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu za kusakhalapo kwake ndikuti pankhaniyi kufanana kwa Nash ndikolakwika. Kwenikweni lingaliro lolakwika.
Ndiye lingaliro lolondola ndi lotani? M'zaka zingapo zapitazi pakhala mgwirizano wina kuti lingaliro linapangidwa mu ntchito Palfrey ndi McKelvey zomwe zikumveka ngati "", kapena"", monga momwe ine ndi Zakharov tinamasulira. Matembenuzidwewa ndi athu, ndipo popeza kuti palibe amene analimasulira m’Chirasha ife tisanakhalepo, tinakakamiza anthu olankhula Chirasha kuti atembenuzire Baibuloli.
Zomwe tinkatanthauza ndi dzinali ndikuti munthu aliyense payekha sasewera njira yosakanikirana, amasewera yoyera. Koma m'madera "mtambo" uwu umatuluka momwe umodzi kapena wina woyera umasankhidwa, ndipo poyankha, ndikuwona momwe munthu amasewera, koma sindikudziwa komwe ali mumtambo uwu, i.e. pali zambiri zobisika pamenepo, ine zindikirani munthu mu "mtambo" ngati mwayi womwe angapite nawo mwanjira ina. Ili ndi lingaliro lachiwerengero. Kulumikizana kothandizana kwa akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ndi akatswiri a zamasewera, zikuwoneka kwa ine, kutanthauzira chiphunzitso chamasewera chazaka za zana la 21.
Timalinganiza zochitika zomwe zilipo popanga zinthu ngati izi ndi deta yoyambira yosasinthika ndikulemba dongosolo la ma equation lomwe limagwirizana ndi kuyankha kosiyanasiyana. Ndizo zonse; kupitilira apo, kuti muthane ndi ma equation, ndikofunikira kupanga kuyerekezera koyenera kwa zochitikazo. Koma zonsezi zikadali patsogolo; uku ndi njira yayikulu mu sayansi.
Mayankho anzeru ndi ofanana momwe timasewerera sizikudziwika ndi ndani. Pachifukwa ichi, ε akuwonjezeredwa ku malipiro kuchokera ku njira yoyera. Pali zopambana zitatu, manambala atatu omwe amatanthauza "kumira" kumbali imodzi, "kumira" mbali ina ndikupewa, ndipo pali ε, yomwe imawonjezedwa ku zitatuzi. Komanso, kuphatikiza kwa izi ε sikudziwika. Kuphatikizikako kumangoganiziridwa kukhala choyambirira, podziwa kuthekera kogawa kwa ε. Pankhaniyi, kuthekera kwa kuphatikiza ε kuyenera kutsatiridwa ndi zosankha za munthu, mwachitsanzo, kuwunika kwake kwa anthu ena ndi kuyerekezera kwa kuthekera kwawo. Kusasinthasintha uku ndikofanana kwa mayankho osiyanasiyana. Tibwereranso ku mfundo iyi.
Kukonzekera mwa kuyankha mosiyanasiyana
Izi ndi zomwe ma winnings amawoneka ngati mtundu uwu:
Zimasonkhanitsa m'mabulaketi chikoka chonse chomwe chikuwoneka pa inu ngati mwasankha mbali iliyonse, kapena chidzachulukitsidwa ndi ziro ngati simunasankhe mbali iliyonse. Kupitilira apo zikhala ndi chizindikiro "+" ngati σ1 = 1, ndi chizindikiro "-" ngati σ1 = -1. Ndipo ε akuwonjezeredwa ku izi. Ndiko kuti, σi imachulukitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chanu chamkati, ndi anthu onse omwe amakukhudzani.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, munthu wina akhoza kukhudza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, monga momwe anthu owonetsera mafilimu, ochita zisudzo, kapena pulezidenti amakhudzira mamiliyoni a anthu. Zikuoneka kuti chikoka masanjidwewo ndi asymmetrical kwambiri; vertically akhoza kukhala ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zolembedwa sanali ziro, ndi horizontally, mwa anthu 200 miliyoni mu dziko, mwachitsanzo, 100 sanali ziro manambala. Kwa aliyense, phindu ili ndi kuchuluka kwa mawu ochepa, koma aij (chikoka cha munthu pa wina) sichingakhale zero kwa chiwerengero chachikulu j, ndipo chikoka cha aji (chikoka cha munthu pa munthu) sichili choncho. zazikulu, nthawi zambiri zimangokhala zana. Apa ndipamene asymmetry yayikulu kwambiri imawuka.
Zitsanzo za omwe akutenga nawo mbali pa intaneti
Tinayesa kutanthauzira deta yoyambirira yachitsanzo m'mawu a chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mwachitsanzo, kodi "conformist careerist" ndi ndani? Uyu ndi munthu yemwe sali nawo mkati mwa mkangano, koma pali anthu omwe amamukhudza kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, bwana.
N'zotheka kufotokozera momwe chisankho chake chikugwirizanirana ndi kusankha kwa bwana mu mgwirizano uliwonse.
Komanso, “wokonda” ndi munthu amene ali ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba chamkati kumbali ya mkanganowo.
Aij (chikoka pa munthu) ndi chachikulu, mosiyana ndi Baibulo lakale, pamene aji (chikoka cha munthu pa munthu) ndi chachikulu.
Komanso, "autist" ndi munthu yemwe sachita nawo masewera. Zikhulupiriro zake zili pafupi ndi ziro, ndipo palibe amene amamukhudza.
Ndipo potsiriza, "wotentheka" ndi munthu amene palibe aliyense sichikhudza.
Mawu amakono atha kukhala olakwika pamalingaliro a zinenero, komabe pali ntchito yoti ichitidwe mwanjira iyi.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti, monga "wokonda," vi yake ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuposa ziro, koma aji = 0. Chonde dziwani kuti "wokonda" akhoza kukhala "wotentheka" nthawi yomweyo.
Timaganiza kuti mkati mwa mfundo zoterezi zidzakhala zofunikira zomwe "wokonda kwambiri / wotentheka" amapanga, popeza chisankho ichi chidzafalikira mozungulira ngati mtambo. Koma ichi si chidziwitso, koma kungoganiza chabe. Pakali pano sitingathe kuthetsa vutoli mwa kuyerekezera kulikonse.
Komanso pali TV. TV ndi chiyani? Uku ndikusintha kwamkati mwanu, mtundu wa "magnetic field".
Komanso, chikoka cha TV, mosiyana ndi "magnetic field" pa "mamolekyu a anthu" onse, akhoza kukhala osiyana mu kukula ndi chizindikiro.
Kodi ndingasinthe TV ndikugwiritsa ntchito intaneti?
M'malo mwake, intaneti ndiye njira yolumikizirana yomwe iyenera kukambidwa. Tiyeni titchule gwero lakunja, ngati si chidziwitso, ndiye chamtundu wina wa phokoso.
Tiyeni tifotokoze njira zitatu za σi=0, σi=1, σi=-1:
Kodi kuyanjana kumachitika bwanji? Pachiyambi, onse otenga nawo mbali ndi "mitambo", ndipo munthu aliyense amadziwa za wina aliyense kuti uwu ndi "mtambo", ndipo amatengera kugawa kwapadera kwa "mitambo" iyi. Munthu akangoyamba kuyanjana, amaphunzira za iye yekha katatu ε, i.e. mfundo yeniyeni, ndipo panthawi yomwe munthu apanga chisankho chomwe chimamupatsa chiwerengero chokulirapo (mwa omwe ε amawonjezedwa ku zopambana, amasankha wamkulu kuposa awiriwo), enawo sadziwa kuti ndi mfundo iti. iye ali, chotero sangathe kulosera.
Kenako, munthuyo asankhe (σi=0/ σi=1/ σi=-1), ndipo kuti asankhe, ayenera kudziwa σj kwa wina aliyense. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa bulaketi; mu bulaketi muli mawu [∑ j ≠ i aji σj], i.e. chinthu chimene munthu sachidziwa. Ayenera kulosera izi molingana, koma molingana samawona σj ngati manambala, amawawona ngati zotheka.
Ichi ndiye gwero la kusiyana pakati pa mayankhidwe osiyanasiyana ndi ma Nash. Munthu ayenera kulosera zomwe zingatheke, motero dongosolo la ma equation atha kukhalapo. Tangoganizirani dongosolo la ma equation a anthu 100 miliyoni, kuchulukitsa ndi wina 2. popeza pali mwayi wosankha "+", mwayi wosankha "-" (mwayi wosiyidwa sunaganizidwe, chifukwa izi parameter yodalira). Zotsatira zake, pali mitundu 200 miliyoni. Ndipo 200 miliyoni equations. Kuthetsa zimenezi n’kosatheka. Ndipo n’zosathekanso kusonkhanitsa mfundo zotere ndendende.
Koma akatswiri a zachikhalidwe cha anthu amatiuza kuti: “Dikirani, abwenzi, tidzakuuzani mmene mungamatchulire chitaganya.” Amafunsa kuti ndi mitundu ingati ya mavuto omwe tingathe kuwathetsa. Ndikunena kuti, tidzathetsabe ma equation 50, makompyuta amatha kuthetsa machitidwe omwe pali ma equation 50, ngakhale 100 palibe. Akuti palibe vuto. Ndiyeno iwo mbisoweka, apathengo.
Tinali ndi msonkhano womwe unakonzedwa ndi akatswiri a maganizo ndi akatswiri a chikhalidwe cha anthu ochokera ku HSE, adanena kuti tikhoza kulemba pulojekiti yosintha zinthu, chitsanzo chathu, deta yawo. Ndipo iwo sanabwere.
Ngati mukufuna kundifunsa chifukwa chake zonse zikuchitika moyipa, ndikuuzani, chifukwa akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu samabwera ku misonkhano yathu. Tikakhala pamodzi, timasuntha mapiri.
Zotsatira zake, munthu ayenera kusankha njira zitatu zomwe angathe, koma sangathe, chifukwa sadziwa σj. Kenako timasintha σj kukhala zotheka.
Kupindula pakuyankha kosiyanasiyana
Pamodzi ndi zosadziwika σj timalowetsa kusiyana kwa kuthekera komwe munthu atenge mbali imodzi kapena mbali ina pamkangano. Tikadziwa pa vesi ε timafika pa malo atatu-dimensional. Pazifukwa izi (zopambana) "mitambo" ikuwonekera, ndipo tikhoza kuiphatikiza ndikupeza kulemera kwa "mitambo" iliyonse ya 3.
Chotsatira chake, timapeza zotheka kuchokera kwa wowona wakunja kuti munthu wina angasankhe izi kapena izo asanadziwe malo ake enieni. Ndiko kuti, iyi idzakhala chilinganizo chomwe chidzapereke yake yake p poyankha chidziwitso cha p ena onse. Ndipo ndondomeko yotereyi ikhoza kulembedwa kwa i iliyonse ndikusiya ndondomeko ya equation yomwe idzakhala yodziwika kwa iwo omwe agwira ntchito pa zitsanzo za Ising ndi Potz. Statistical physics imanena motsimikiza kuti aij = aji, kuyanjana sikungakhale kofanana.
Koma pali “zozizwitsa” zina pano. Masamu "zozizwitsa" ndi kuti mafomuwa pafupifupi kugwirizana ndi mafomu kuchokera lolingana ziwerengero zitsanzo, ngakhale kuti palibe masewera kucheza, koma pali ntchito kuti wokometsedwa pa zosiyanasiyana madera osiyanasiyana.
Ndi deta yoyambira yosasinthika, chitsanzocho chimakhala ngati kuti wina akukonza chinachake mmenemo. Zitsanzo zoterezi zimatchedwa "masewera omwe angathe" pamene tikukamba za Nash equilibrium. Masewerawa akapangidwa m'njira yoti mgwirizano wa Nash umatsimikiziridwa ndi kukhathamiritsa zina zogwira ntchito pamalo a zosankha zonse. Kuthekera kotani komwe kuli pakuyankhidwa kosiyana sikunapangidwebe. (Ngakhale Fyodor Sandomirsky atha kuyankha funsoli. Izi zitha kukhala zopambana).
Izi ndi momwe dongosolo lonse la equations likuwonekera:
Mwayi womwe mumasankha nawo izi kapena zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zikulosera kwa inu. Lingaliroli ndi lofanana ndi mulingo wa Nash, koma limayendetsedwa kudzera mwa kuthekera.
Kugawa kwapadera ε, ndiko kugawa kwa Gumbel, komwe ndi malo okhazikika otengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yodziyimira payokha.
Kugawidwa kwabwinoko kumapezedwa mwa kuwerengera kuchuluka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yodziyimira payokha ndi kusiyana pakati pa zikhalidwe zovomerezeka. Ndipo ngati titenga kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yodziyimira pawokha, timapeza kugawa kwapadera.
Mwa njira, equation inasiya chizindikiro cha chisokonezo muzosankha zomwe zapangidwa, λ, ndinayiwala kulemba.
Kumvetsetsa momwe mungathetsere equation iyi kukuthandizani kumvetsetsa momwe mungaphatikizire gulu. Munkhani yongoyerekeza, kuthekera kwamasewera potengera momwe amayankhira equation.
Muyenera kuyesa chithunzi chenicheni cha anthu, chomwe chili ndi zida zosiyanasiyana:
- awiri awiri;
- lamulo lamphamvu la kugawa madigiri a vertices;
- mkulu masango.
Ndiko kuti, mutha kuyesanso kulemberanso zomwe zili patsamba lenileni lawebusayiti mkati mwachitsanzo ichi. Palibe amene anayesabe, mwina chinachake chitha pamenepo.
Tsopano nditha kuyesa kuyankha mafunso anu. Osachepera ndikhoza kumvetsera kwa iwo.
Kodi izi zikufotokozera bwanji njira ya Brexit ndi zisankho zaku US?
Kotero ndi zimenezo. Izi sizikufotokoza chilichonse. Koma limapereka lingaliro la chifukwa chake oponya voti nthawi zonse amalakwitsa kulosera kwawo. Chifukwa anthu amayankha poyera zomwe malo awo amafunikira kuti ayankhe, koma mwamseri amavotera kukhudzika kwawo kwamkati. Ndipo ngati tingathe kuthetsa equation iyi, chomwe chingakhale mu yankho ndi zomwe kafukufuku wa chikhalidwe cha anthu adatipatsa, ndipo vi ndi zomwe zidzakhala mu voti.
Ndipo mu chitsanzo ichi, n'zotheka kuganizira osati munthu, koma chikhalidwe cha anthu ngati chinthu chosiyana?
Izi ndi zomwe ndikufuna kuchita. Koma sitikudziwa momwe chikhalidwe cha anthu chimakhalira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tikuyesera kuti tigwirizane ndi akatswiri a zachikhalidwe cha anthu ndi akatswiri a maganizo.
Kodi chitsanzo chanu chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kufotokozera njira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamavuto omwe amawonedwa ku Russia? Tiyeni tilole kusiyana pakati pa zotsatira za mabungwe ovomerezeka?
Ayi, sizomwe zimakamba. Izi ndendende mkangano wapakati pa anthu. Sindikuganiza kuti vuto la mabungwe apa likhoza kufotokozedwa mwanjira iliyonse. Pamutuwu, ndili ndi lingaliro langa kuti mabungwe opangidwa ndi umunthu ndi ovuta kwambiri, sangathe kukhalabe ndi zovuta zoterezi ndipo adzakakamizika kuti awonongeke. Uku ndikumvetsetsa kwanga zenizeni.
Kodi ndizotheka kuphunzira mwanjira ina polarization ya anthu? Mwamanga kale mu izi, ndi zabwino bwanji kwa aliyense ...
Osati kwenikweni, tili ndi TV kumeneko, v + h. Izi ndi ma statics ofananiza.
Inde, koma polarization imachitika pang'onopang'ono. Zomwe ndikutanthauza ndikuti kutenga nawo mbali kwa anthu ndi chikhalidwe cholimba ndi 10% v-positive, 6% v-negative, ndipo kusiyana kukukulirakulira pakati pa mfundozi.
Sindikudziwa chomwe chidzachitike muzochitika konse. Mumayendedwe olondola, mwachiwonekere, v adzatengera zomwe zapita σ. Koma sindikudziwa ngati izi zitha kugwira ntchito. Palibe panacea, palibe mtundu wapadziko lonse wa anthu. Chitsanzo ichi ndi malingaliro ena omwe angakhale othandiza. Ndikukhulupirira kuti ngati tithetsa vutoli, tidzawona momwe zisankho zimasiyana nthawi zonse ndi kuvota. Pali chisokonezo chachikulu pakati pa anthu. Ngakhale kuyeza chizindikiro china kumapereka zotsatira zosiyana.
Kodi izi zili ndi chochita ndi chiphunzitso chamasewera a matrix?
Awa ndi masewera a matrix. Kungoti matrices apa ndi 200 miliyoni ndi kukula kwa 200 miliyoni. Awa ndi masewera a aliyense ndi aliyense, matrix amalembedwa ngati ntchito. Izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi masewera a matrix monga awa: masewera a matrix ndi masewera a anthu awiri, koma apa akusewera mamiliyoni 200. Choncho, iyi ndi tensor yomwe ili ndi gawo la 200 miliyoni. a mamiliyoni 200. Koma amalingalira lingaliro lachilendo la njira yothetsera vutoli.
Kodi pali lingaliro la mtengo wamasewera?
Mtengo wa masewerawo umatheka pamasewera otsutsana ndi osewera awiri, i.e. ndi zero sum. Izi osatimasewera olimbana ndi osewera ambiri. M'malo mwa mtengo wamasewera, pali zolipirira zofananira, osati mulingo wa Nash, koma pakuyankhidwa kosiyana.
Nanga bwanji lingaliro la "strategy"?
Njirazi ndi, 0, -1, 1. Izi zimachokera ku lingaliro lachikale la Nash-Bayes equilibrium, equilibrium. Ndipo pankhaniyi, kufanana kwa Bayes-Nash kumachokera pamasewera okhazikika. Izi zimabweretsa kuphatikiza kotchedwa discrete response equilibrium. Ndipo izi zili kutali kwambiri ndi masewera a matrix apakati pa zaka za zana la XNUMX.
Ndizokayikitsa kuti mutha kuchita chilichonse ndi osewera miliyoni ...
Ili ndi funso la momwe mungagwirizanitse anthu; ndizosatheka kuthetsa masewera ndi osewera ambiri, mukulondola.
Zolemba pamagawo okhudzana ndi statistical physics ndi sociology
- Dorogovtsev SN, Goltsev AV, ndi Mendes JFF Zovuta kwambiri pamanetiweki ovuta // Ndemanga za Modern Physics. 2008. Vol. 80. pp. 1275-1335.
- Lawrence E. Blume, Steven Durlauf Equilibrium Concepts for Social Interaction Models // International Game Theory Review. 2003. Vol. 5, (3). pp. 193-209.
- Gordon MB ndi. al., Zosankha Zapadera Pansi pa Chikoka Chachiyanjano: Malingaliro amtundu // Masamu ndi njira mu Applied Science. 2009 Vol. 19. pp. 1441-1381.
- Bouchud J.P. Mavuto ndi Zochitika Pamodzi Pazachuma Pazachuma: Zitsanzo Zosavuta ndi Zovuta // Journal of Static Physics. 2013. Vol. 51 (3). pp. 567-606.
- Sornette D. Physics and Financial Economics (1776-2014): puzzles, lsing, and agent-based models // Reports on Progress in Physics. 2014 Vol. 77, (6). pp. 1-287
Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. chonde.
(mwachitsanzo) Udindo wanu pokhudzana ndi Igor Sysoev:
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62,1%+1 (kuchita nawo mkangano kumbali ya Igor Sysoev)175
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1,4%-1 (kuchita nawo mkangano mbali ina)4
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28,7%0 (kukana kutenga nawo mbali pa mkangano)81
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7,8%yesani kugwiritsa ntchito mkanganowo kuti mupindule nokha22
Ogwiritsa 282 adavota. Ogwiritsa 63 adakana.
Source: www.habr.com