Big Data analytics - zenizeni ndi ziyembekezo ku Russia ndi dziko lapansi

Masiku ano anthu okhawo omwe alibe kugwirizana kwakunja ndi dziko lakunja sanamvepo za deta yaikulu. Pa Habré, mutu wa Big Data analytics ndi mitu yofananira ndiwotchuka. Koma kwa anthu omwe si akatswiri omwe angafune kudzipereka okha ku maphunziro a Big Data, sizidziwika nthawi zonse zomwe dera lino liri nalo, kumene Big Data analytics ingagwiritsidwe ntchito komanso zomwe katswiri wabwino angadalire. Tiyeni tiyese kuzilingalira.

Kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chopangidwa ndi anthu kumawonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Pofika chaka cha 2020, kuchuluka kwa deta yosungidwa kudzawonjezeka kufika pa 40-44 zettabytes (1 ZB ~ 1 biliyoni GB). Pofika 2025 - mpaka pafupifupi 400 zettabytes. Chifukwa chake, kuyang'anira deta yokhazikika komanso yosasinthika pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono ndi gawo lomwe likukhala lofunika kwambiri. Makampani onse payekhapayekha komanso mayiko onse ali ndi chidwi ndi deta yayikulu.

Mwa njira, kunali panthawi yokambirana za chidziwitso cha chidziwitso ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito deta zopangidwa ndi anthu kuti mawu akuti Big Data adawuka. Amakhulupirira kuti idaperekedwa koyamba mu 2008 ndi mkonzi wa magazini ya Nature, Clifford Lynch.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, msika wa Big Data wakhala ukuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka ndi makumi angapo peresenti. Ndipo izi, malinga ndi akatswiri, zidzapitirira. Motero, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa kampani Frost & Sullivan mu 2021, msika waukulu wapadziko lonse wosanthula deta udzakwera kufika $67,2 biliyoni.Kukula kwapachaka kudzakhala pafupifupi 35,9%.

Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira ma analytics akuluakulu a data?

Zimakuthandizani kuti muzindikire zidziwitso zamtengo wapatali kuchokera kumagulu osanjidwa kapena osasinthika. Chifukwa cha izi, bizinesi imatha, mwachitsanzo, kuzindikira zomwe zikuchitika, kulosera momwe ntchito ikuyendera ndikuwonjezera ndalama zake. Zikuwonekeratu kuti pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama, makampani ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono.

Tekinoloje ndi njira zowunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusanthula Big Data:

• Data Mining;
• crowdsourcing;
• kusanganikirana kwa data ndi kuphatikiza;
• kuphunzira makina;
• ma neural network opangira;
• kuzindikira mawonekedwe;
• zolosera analytics;
• kayeseleledwe ka chitsanzo;
• kusanthula malo;
• kusanthula ziwerengero;
• kuwonetseratu kwa data yowunikira.

Big Data analytics padziko lapansi

Ma analytics akulu a data tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani opitilira 50% padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti mu 2015 chiwerengerochi chinali 17%. Big Data imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi makampani omwe amagwira ntchito zamatelefoni ndi ntchito zachuma. Ndiye palinso makampani omwe amapanga luso lazachipatala. Kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono kwa Big Data analytics m'makampani ophunzirira: nthawi zambiri, oimira gawoli adalengeza cholinga chawo chogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo posachedwa.

Ku United States, ma analytics a Big Data amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu: makampani opitilira 55% ochokera m'magawo osiyanasiyana amagwira ntchito ndiukadaulo uwu. Ku Europe ndi Asia, kufunikira kwa ma analytics akulu a data sikutsika kwambiri - pafupifupi 53%.

Nanga bwanji ku Russia?

Malinga ndi akatswiri a IDC, Russia ndiye msika waukulu kwambiri wamsika wamayankho a Big Data analytics. Kukula kwa msika wamayankho otere ku Central ndi Eastern Europe ndikwachangu, chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka ndi 11% chaka chilichonse. Pofika 2022, ifika $ 5,4 biliyoni mochulukira.

Munjira zambiri, kukula mwachangu kwa msika uku kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa dera lino ku Russia. Mu 2018, ndalama zogulitsa mayankho oyenera ku Russian Federation zidafika 40% ya ndalama zonse muukadaulo waukadaulo wa Big Data m'dera lonselo.

M'dziko la Russia, makampani ochokera ku mabanki ndi mabungwe aboma, makampani opanga matelefoni ndi mafakitale amawononga ndalama zambiri pakukonza Big Data.

Kodi Big Data Analyst amachita chiyani ndipo amapeza ndalama zingati ku Russia?

Katswiri wamkulu wa data ali ndi udindo wowunika zidziwitso zambiri, zosasinthika komanso zosasinthika. Kwa mabungwe amabanki izi ndizochitika, kwa ogwira ntchito - mafoni ndi magalimoto, mu malonda - kuyendera makasitomala ndi kugula. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kusanthula kwa Big Data kumatilola kuti tipeze kugwirizana pakati pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana mu "mbiri yaiwisi ya mbiri yakale", mwachitsanzo, kupanga kapena kuchitapo kanthu kwa mankhwala. Malingana ndi deta yowunikira, njira zatsopano ndi zothetsera zimapangidwira m'madera osiyanasiyana - kuchokera pakupanga kupita ku mankhwala.

Maluso ofunikira kwa Big Data analyst:

• Kutha kumvetsetsa mwachangu zinthu zomwe zili m'dera lomwe kusanthula kukuchitika, ndikudzilowetsa m'malo omwe mukufuna. Izi zitha kukhala malonda ogulitsa, mafuta ndi gasi, mankhwala, ndi zina.
• Kudziwa njira zowunikira ziwerengero, kupanga masamu masamu (neural network, Bayesian network, clustering, regression, factor, variable and correlation analysis, etc.).
• Kutha kuchotsa deta kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuzisintha kuti zifufuzidwe, ndikuziyika muzitsulo zowunikira.
• Wodziwa bwino SQL.
• Kudziwa Chingerezi pamlingo wokwanira kuti muwerenge zolemba zamaluso mosavuta.
• Kudziwa Python (osachepera zoyambira), Bash (ndizovuta kuchita popanda izo pogwira ntchito), kuphatikiza ndikofunika kudziwa zoyambira za Java ndi Scala (zofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito Spark, imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri zodziwika kwambiri zogwirira ntchito ndi data yayikulu).
• Kutha kugwira ntchito ndi Hadoop.

Chabwino, kodi Big Data analyst amapeza ndalama zingati?

Akatswiri a Big Data tsopano akusowa; kufunikira kumaposa kupezeka. Izi ndichifukwa choti bizinesi ikufika pakumvetsetsa: chitukuko chimafunikira matekinoloje atsopano, ndipo chitukuko chaukadaulo chimafunikira akatswiri.

Chifukwa chake, Data Scientist ndi Data Analytics ku USA adalowa m'maphunziro atatu apamwamba kwambiri a 3 malinga ndi bungwe lolembera anthu ntchito la Glassdoor. Malipiro apakati a akatswiriwa ku America amayambira pa $100 zikwi pachaka.

Ku Russia, akatswiri ophunzirira makina amalandila ma ruble 130 mpaka 300 pamwezi, akatswiri akuluakulu a data - kuchokera ku 73 mpaka 200 rubles pamwezi. Zonse zimadalira zochitika ndi ziyeneretso. Inde, pali mipata yokhala ndi malipiro ochepa, ndipo ena okhala ndi apamwamba. Kufunika kwakukulu kwa akatswiri akuluakulu a deta ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg. Moscow, zomwe sizosadabwitsa, zimawerengera pafupifupi 50% ya ntchito zogwira ntchito (malinga ndi hh.ru). Zofunikira zochepa kwambiri zili ku Minsk ndi Kyiv. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ntchito zina zimapereka maola osinthika komanso ntchito zakutali. Koma kawirikawiri, makampani amafunikira akatswiri omwe amagwira ntchito muofesi.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, tikhoza kuyembekezera kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa akatswiri a Big Data ndi oimira apadera okhudzana nawo. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuchepa kwa ogwira ntchito m'gawo laukadaulo sikunathe. Koma, zowona, kuti mukhale katswiri wa Big Data, muyenera kuphunzira ndikugwira ntchito, kuwongolera maluso omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ndi zina zowonjezera. Mmodzi mwa mwayi woyambitsa njira ya Big Data analyst ndi lembani maphunziro kuchokera ku Geekbrains ndipo yesani dzanja lanu pakugwira ntchito ndi data yayikulu.

Source: www.habr.com