Pazoziziritsa mpweya m'malo opangira ma data, makina apakatikati okhala ndi makina oziziritsira madzi (ozizira) nthawi zambiri amayikidwa. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuposa ma air conditioners a freon, chifukwa zoziziritsa kuzizira zomwe zimazungulira pakati pa mayunitsi akunja ndi amkati sizilowa mu mpweya wa mpweya, ndipo gawo la compressor-condenser la chiller limagwira ntchito pokhapokha kutentha kumakwera kufika pamlingo wina. Limodzi mwamafunso ofunikira kwambiri popanga makina oziziritsa kukhosi ndi awa: Ndi choziziritsa chotani chomwe chili chabwino kugwiritsa ntchito? Izi zikhoza kukhala madzi kapena njira yamadzimadzi ya polyhydric alcohols - propylene glycol kapena ethylene glycol. Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njira iliyonse.
Physics ndi chemistry
Kuchokera pamalingaliro azinthu zakuthupi (kutentha kwamphamvu, kachulukidwe, kukhuthala kwa kinematic), madzi amatengedwa ngati ozizira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kutsanuliridwa pansi kapena m'chimbudzi. Tsoka ilo, m'madera athu, madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba, chifukwa amaundana pa 0 Β°C. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa zoziziritsa kukhosi kumachepa, ndipo voliyumu yomwe imakhala nayo imawonjezeka. Njirayi ndi yosagwirizana ndipo ndizosatheka kubwezera pogwiritsa ntchito thanki yowonjezera. Madera oziziritsa ali okha, kupanikizika kosasunthika pamakoma a chitoliro kumawonjezeka, ndipo pamapeto pake kuphulika kumachitika. Mayankho amadzimadzi a mowa wa polyhydric alibe zovuta izi. Iwo amaundana pa kutentha otsika kwambiri, popanda kupanga m'deralo foci. Kachulukidwe awo pa crystallization amachepetsa mocheperapo kuposa pa kusintha kwa madzi ayezi, kutanthauza kuti voliyumu sikuwonjezeka kwambiri - ngakhale mazira amadzimadzi njira glycols sawononga mapaipi.
Nthawi zambiri, makasitomala amasankha propylene glycol chifukwa alibe poizoni. M'malo mwake, ndi chowonjezera chovomerezeka cha chakudya E1520, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika ndi zakudya zina ngati chosungira chinyezi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zodzoladzola ndi zinthu zina zambiri. Ngati makinawa ali ndi njira yamadzimadzi ya propylene glycol, palibe kusamala kwapadera komwe kumafunika; kasitomala amangofunika nkhokwe yowonjezerapo kuti alipire kutayikira. Ndizovuta kwambiri kugwira ntchito ndi ethylene glycol - mankhwalawa amatchulidwa kuti ndi oopsa kwambiri (kalasi yachitatu yowopsa). Kuchuluka kwake kovomerezeka mumlengalenga ndi 5 mg / m3, koma chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake kochepa pa kutentha kwabwino, nthunzi ya mowa wa polyhydric ukhoza kuyambitsa poizoni ngati muwapuma kwa nthawi yaitali.
Choipa kwambiri ndi madzi otayira: madzi ndi propylene glycol safuna kutaya, koma kuchuluka kwa ethylene glycol m'malo ogwiritsira ntchito madzi a anthu sayenera kupitirira 1 mg/l. Chifukwa cha izi, eni ma data center ayenera kuphatikizirapo muyeso wapadera wa ngalande, zotengera zotsekereza ndi/kapena njira yochepetsera zoziziritsa kuziziritsa ndi madzi: simungangochitsitsa kukhetsa. Ma voliyumu amadzi osungunuka amakhala ochulukirapo kambirimbiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa zoziziritsa, ndipo kutayira pansi kapena pansi sikofunikira kwambiri - mowa wapoizoni wa polyhydric uyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ambiri. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito ethylene glycol m'makina amakono owongolera mpweya m'malo opangira data ndikotetezekanso ngati njira zonse zopewera zichitidwa.
The Economy
Madzi amatha kuonedwa ngati aulere poyerekeza ndi mtengo wamafuta oziziritsa kukhosi pogwiritsa ntchito mowa wa polyhydric. Njira yamadzimadzi ya propylene glycol ya pulogalamu ya koyilo ya chiller-fan ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri - imawononga pafupifupi ma ruble 80 pa lita. Poganizira kufunika kosintha choziziritsa nthawi ndi nthawi, izi zimabweretsa ndalama zambiri. Mtengo wa njira yamadzimadzi ya ethylene glycol ndi pafupifupi theka la kuchuluka kwake, koma iyeneranso kuphatikizidwa muyeso la ndalama zotaya, zomwe, komabe, ndizochepa. Pali ma nuances okhudzana ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi mphamvu ya kutentha: choziziritsa chochokera ku propylene glycol chimafunikira mphamvu yayikulu yopangidwa ndi pampu yozungulira. Kawirikawiri, mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito makina opangidwa ndi ethylene glycol ndi wotsika kwambiri, choncho njirayi imasankhidwa nthawi zambiri, ngakhale kuti ndi poizoni wa coolant. Njira ina yochepetsera ndalama ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina ozungulira kawiri ndi chowotcha kutentha, pamene madzi wamba amazungulira m'zipinda zamkati ndi kutentha kwabwino, ndipo yankho la glycol losazizira limasamutsa kutentha kunja. Kuchita bwino kwa makina otere ndikotsika pang'ono, koma kuchuluka kwa zoziziritsa zotsika mtengo kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Zotsatira
M'malo mwake, zosankha zonse zomwe zalembedwa pamakina ozizirira (kupatula zamadzi okha, zomwe sizingatheke m'magawo athu) zili ndi ufulu kukhalapo. Kusankha kumadalira mtengo wathunthu wa umwini, womwe uyenera kuwerengedwa muzochitika zenizeni zomwe zilipo kale pakupanga. Chinthu chokha chimene simuyenera kuchita ndikusintha lingaliro pamene polojekiti yatsala pang'ono kukonzekera. Komanso, ndizosatheka kusintha zoziziritsa kuzizira pamene kuyika kwa makina opangira ma data amtsogolo kukuchitika kale. Kuponya ndi kuzunza kudzabweretsa ndalama zambiri, kotero muyenera kusankha chisankho kamodzi kokha.
Source: www.habr.com