(Tikupitiriza nkhani zotsatizana za mbiri ya yunivesite yathu yotchedwa "Red Hogwarts". Lero - za moyo waubwana wa m'modzi mwa omaliza maphunziro athu awiri omwe anaikidwa mu khoma la Kremlin)
Avramy Pavlovich Zavenyagin anabadwa ndi kulira kwa mabelu pa tsiku lowala la Isitala, April 1, chinthu chomwecho chodziwika pafupifupi ngwazi zanga zonse mu 1901. Izi zinachitika pa siteshoni ya sitima ya Uzlovaya m'chigawo cha Tula. Iye anabadwira m'banja la dalaivala locomotive Pavel Ustinovich Zavenyagin, ndipo anali mwana wachisanu ndi chinayi ndi wotsiriza.
Analandira dzina lake losowa - Avramiy - chifukwa cha "kalendala ya Sytin" yotchuka panthawiyo, yomwe inanena kuti April 1 ndi tsiku la Holy Martyr Avramiy. Pambuyo pake, mwa khama la akuluakulu a pasipoti, kalata yachiwiri "a" inalowa m'dzina, chifukwa ana athu a ngwazi anatha ndi mawu osiyana: mwana anali Yuli Avramievich moyo wake wonse, ndi mwana wamkazi Evgenia Avramievna.
Komabe, m'banja lalikulu, iwo sanavutike ndi chiwerengero cha makalata ndipo anatcha wotsiriza yekha Avraney.
Koma zimenezi sizinakhalitse.
Pafupifupi moyo wake wonse Avramiy Pavlovich amatchedwa Avramiy Pavlovich, izi zimaonedwa ndi memoirists onse. Iwo nthawizonse ankayitana. Ngakhale pamene anali wophunzira chaka choyamba.
Izi ndi zomwe mnzake wakusukulu adalemba : "Abrahamiy Pavlovich Zavenyagin anali mlembi wakale wa komiti, dzina lake nthawi zonse, ngakhale zaka wophunzira, Abram Pavlovich.". Anateronso ndi wophunzira wina wakale wa Mining Academy, katswiri wa sayansi ya nthaka Leonid Gromov: “Sindikukumbukira aliyense amene amamutchula dzina, Abramu Palych yekha. Sindikukumbukira kuti aliyense wa ophunzira, kupatula iye, amatchedwa dzina lawo loyamba ndi patronymic. ... Ndipo zinatheka zokha, popanda kudandaula kapena kusonkhezeredwa ndi iye.”
Mfundo yotsatirayi ndi yosangalatsanso. Avramiy Pavlovich mwiniwake, monga mwachizolowezi m'mabanja akale, adatcha makolo ake "inu" moyo wake wonse. Palibe chapadera pa izi, ndithudi. Chodabwitsa kwambiri n'chakuti kuyambira nthawi ina, Pavel Ustinovich mwadzidzidzi anayamba "kuda" mwana wake wamng'ono, ndipo kotero iwo analemekezana wina ndi mzake kwa zaka zambiri.
Monga mwana wamkazi wa ngwazi yathu ananena, banja ankakonda kukumbukira nkhani ya mmene agogo aamuna, atamva za kusankhidwa kwa mwana wake monga mkulu wa Magnitka, pa nthawiyo malo omanga m'dzikoli, zomwe wailesi ndi nyuzipepala anali kukambirana. kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo, nthawi yomweyo anabwera ku Moscow. "Anali wokondwa kwambiri, adazengereza kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo adafunsa mwana wake wamkulu funso limodzi, koma lofunikira:
"Abramy, ungagwire ntchito imeneyi?"
Pavel Ustinovich Zavenyagin
Zosamveka zonse izi zidafotokozedwa mophweka - Avramiy Palych anali ndi talente yapadera yobadwa nayo.
Anthu ena mwachibadwa amapatsidwa mawu omveka bwino, pamene ena ali ndi mphatso ya mawu osafunikira ngakhale "kupangidwa." Wachitatu sanachite nawo masewera kuyambira kubadwa, koma adapatsidwa mphamvu zodabwitsa kuyambira kubadwa - ndawawonapo anthu otere. Ndipo Avramiy Pavlovich anapatsidwa pa kubadwa luso losayerekezeka kuyang'anira anthu ndi kuthetsa mavuto anapatsidwa.
Avramy Pavlovich Zavenyagin anali mtsogoleri mwa chisomo cha Mulungu.
Ndikukumbukira kuti mlengi wa Polish Solidarity, Lech Walesa, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "nyama yandale" chifukwa cha luso lake lobadwa ngati ndale. Pankhaniyi, Zavenyagin anali "nyama yoyang'anira" - palibe amene angathe kuthetsa vutoli mwa njira yabwino kwambiri kuposa iyeyo, pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zilipo m'njira yabwino kwambiri. Nzosadabwitsa kuti Zavenyagin ankakonda kunena moyo wake wonse anali mawu a ndakatulo Baratynsky:
"Kupereka ndi lamulo, ndipo kuyenera kulikwaniritsa, ngakhale pali zopinga zilizonse."
Talente iyi inaonekera mu unyamata wake, pamene iye anaphunzira pa sukulu weniweni m'tauni ya Skopin, oyandikana Uzlovaya. Monga ngwazi zanga zonse, Zavenyagin anabwera ku chisinthiko mofulumira kwambiri - iye anakhala membala wa Bolshevik Party ali ndi zaka 16, atangoyamba kusintha, mu November 1917.
Ndipo, atangolowa nawo, anayamba ntchito ya bungwe ngati bakha wothirira madzi.
Usana ndi usiku amachita phwando ku Tula, Uzlovaya, Skopin ndi Ryazan. Kenako Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni inayamba. Ndiyeno mkonzi wamng'ono wa nyuzipepala ya Ryazan Izvestia akulembera mlongo Maria:
“Lachiwiri ndimapita kutsogolo kapena ku Moscow kukachita maphunziro olamula. Palibe njira ina yotulukira. Kolchak, wotembereredwa, akulimbikira. Ukhazikitse mtima pansi banja lako. Ndilemba zambiri nthawi ina. Ngati mayi anga aganiza zobwera kwa ine, ndiuzeni. Ndikukufunirani chisangalalo."
Monga mukudziwira, palibe paliponse pamene anthu amakula mofulumira ngati pankhondo. Zavenyagin wazaka 18 anamaliza nkhondo yapachiweniweni pa udindo wa Colonel monga mkulu wa dipatimenti ya ndale ya Ryazan infantry division, ndipo magawano atatha, chipanicho chinatumiza commissar wamng'ono ku ntchito yachipani ku Donbass - "onse. - Mtsogoleri waku Russia. "
***
Madera omwe adadzipangira okha safuna kusiya.
Donbass ndi chimodzimodzi.
Donbass nthawi zonse amawoneka ngati Donbass - m'zaka zakhumi za zaka za m'ma XNUMX, ndi zaka za makumi asanu ndi anayi za m'ma XX, komanso m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX. Nthawi zonse ndi pansi pa ulamuliro uliwonse, pamakhalabe ma steppe omwewo, milu ya zinyalala yofanana, ndi "Donetsk anzeru anyamata" omwewo otchuka.
Gawo lomaliza linali labwino kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 20 m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Pa Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni, misala yathunthu inali ikuchitika m'gawo la Donbass - Bolsheviks, White Guards-Kaledinians, "odziyimira pawokha" a Central Rada, Bolsheviks kachiwiri, koma nthawi ino ya Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Republic, Haidamaks watsitsi lopyola. , Sich Riflemen ndi Cossacks wa UPR adayendayenda m'derali, akulowa m'malo mwachisokonezo. , anthu oyambirira a ku Austrian ndi Germany, kachiwiri "ma share-shapers", koma kale hetman, ochita migodi, Don white Cossacks-Krasnovtsy, asilikali a Anglo-French. , magulu opanduka a anarcho-communist, Mai-Maevsky a Denikin, magulu amfuti ofiira a Antonov-Ovseenko, Makhnovist Revolutionary asilikali a ku Ukraine, Wrangelites ...
Ataman of the Gaydamak Kosh of Sloboda Ukraine E.I. Volokh
Anthu a m’derali anakwiya pang’ono ndi chipwirikiti chonsechi ndipo anaganiza zosiya kuima pambali.
Pafupifupi mudzi uliwonse wodzilemekeza unapanga mphamvu zake zodzitetezera, zomwe zimatchedwa "gulu lachigawenga" lotsogozedwa ndi bambo-ataman. Kaŵirikaŵiri, kupanga koteroko kunkalamulira malo akeake, koma nthaŵi zina iwo sanadzikane okha chisangalalo cha kusesa m’mbiya za anansi awo. Chiwerengero cha magulu oterowo sakanatha kuwerengedwa; panali masauzande aiwo, adawonekera ndikuzimiririka, nthawi zina amasonkhana m'magwirizano akulu okha kuti asokonekera nthawi iliyonse.
Mu 1920, pamene Zavenyagin anatumizidwa kukhazikitsa mphamvu Soviet mu Donbass, misala akadali pachimake. Mizinda yambiri ya Donbass imayang'aniridwa ndi Bolsheviks, ku Volnovakha ndi Mariupol - ndi Wrangelites, Starobelsk ikulamulidwa ndi Makhnovists.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, palibe mphamvu kunja kwa madera akuluakulu okhala ndi anthu, kupatulapo "anyamata" am'deralo omwe ali ndi mfuti zodulidwa ndi macheka omwe anasonkhana m'magulu osawerengeka.
Koma ndi a Makhnovists, monga mpumulo kwa a Bolsheviks, "mapangano akale a Belye" adatsirizidwa, malinga ndi zomwe Bolsheviks "ofiira" ndi "wakuda" anarchists - otsatira a Nestor - adapanga mgwirizano wosakhalitsa kuti athamangitse Otsatira achilendo "oyera" ochokera ku Donbass. Kotero kuti ndiye ochirikiza chisankho cha socialist adzapitiriza kumenyana pakati pawo ndi chikumbumtima choyera.
Likulu la Makhnovist Insurgent Army likukambirana za ntchito yogonjetsa Wrangelites, Starobelsk, 1920.
Komabe, Zavenyagin anatenga mbali pang'ono pa nkhondo, makamaka ankagwira ntchito - monga woyang'anira. Chifukwa nkhondo ndi nkhondo, koma ntchito yaikulu sikunali kuwononga magulu osamwalirawo. Donbass m'zaka zimenezo anali maziko amafuta adzikolo. Ndipo chinali kubwezeretsedwa kwa migodi ya malasha chomwe chinali chofunika kwambiri. Onse ogwira ntchito m'migodi oyenerera osakwana zaka 50 adasonkhanitsidwa ku gulu lankhondo lachiyukireniya la Labor, ndi akatswiri - mpaka zaka 65. Mu June 1920, nyuzipepala ya Yuzovsky "Dictatorship of Labor" inalemba kuti:
"Ntchito yathu yotsatira ndiyo kukhazikitsa mosalekeza kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ... Kusonkhanitsa kwazinthu zonse zomwe si zantchito ... Palibe malo a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi anthu osagwira ntchito mu Republic of Labor.
Amawomberedwa kapena kuwomberedwa pamwala waukulu wamphero.”
Nkhawa yathu ndi yosavuta, nkhawa yathu ndi iyi:
Ndikadakhala m’dziko lakwathu ndipo sindinkaderanso nkhawa.
Ndi chipale chofewa, mphepo, ndi nyenyezi usiku;
Mtima wanga umandiyitanira kutali ndi nkhawa.
Ndipo mu Donbass Zavenyagin, monga iwo amati, "anali pansi pa matsenga a mdierekezi." Chifukwa cha luso lake lachilengedwe, amapanga ntchito yabwino kwambiri ndipo amakula mofulumira m'magulu ndi maudindo.
Zoona, chirichonse chinachitika - kunali komweko, mu Donbass, kuti Zavenyagin adalandira chigamulo chake choyamba ndi chigamulo chachikulu: mu 1920, adaweruzidwa ndi Revolutionary Tribunal ya XIII Army kwa zaka 15 chifukwa cha kusamuka msanga kwa mzindawu. Yuzovka, tsopano Donetsk. Zowona, sanatumikire zaka 15, koma masiku angapo, pambuyo pake chigamulocho chinachotsedwa, ndipo wolakwayo adasinthidwa ndi chisankho cha Central Control Commission ya RCP (b).
Chomera cha Metallurgical cha Yuzovsky. 1918
Kumeneko, ku Donbass, commissar mwakachetechete adasandulika kukhala mkulu:
Avramiy Pavlovich amakhala, mu terminology yamakono, mutu wa kayendetsedwe ka mizinda yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo osati ang'onoang'ono. Atangofika ku Donbass, mu February 1920, adakhala wapampando wa komiti yosintha chigawo mu mzinda wa Donbass wodziwika bwino kwambiri wa Slavyansk, ndipo mu September adasamutsidwa kukhala mlembi wa komiti ya chipani chachigawo ku Yuzovka.
Ndi ndalama zathu - meya wa Donetsk. Ndipo izi ndi zaka 19!
Komabe, monga m'nthawi ya Zavenyagin Alexander Kozachinsky analemba m'buku "The Green Van": Anali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zokha, koma m’masiku amenewo anthu ankadabwitsidwa ndi china chilichonse kupatulapo unyamata.”.
Kuti awonekere olemekezeka pang'ono, Zavenyagin amakulitsa masharubu amtundu wakale, womwe masiku ano umatchedwa "mawonekedwe a Hitler." Monga ngati kubwezera izi, Fatum wankhanza nthawi yomweyo "adamuthandiza" kuti awoneke wokhwima kwambiri - ali ndi zaka 20, mlembi wa komitiyo mwadzidzidzi anayamba kuchita dazi.
Monga и , Zavenyagin analibe chifukwa chothamangira ku Moscow, zonse zinali bwino ndi iye m'malo mwake. Avramiy Pavlovich mwamsanga anakhala mabwenzi ndi achikomyunizimu m'deralo ndipo anapeza mabwenzi enieni ndi mabwenzi othandiza mu Donbass, zomwe pambuyo pake zingakhale zothandiza kwa iye kangapo m'moyo.
Mnzake wapamtima wa Avramiy kwa zaka zambiri anali wapampando wa Council of Workers, Tit Korzhikov, yemwe adatsogolera komiti ya chigawo cha Yuzovsky.
Lolani zovuta pambuyo pamavuto ziwopseze inu ndi ine,
Koma ubwenzi wanga ndi iwe udzachotsedwa ndi imfa basi.
Ndi chipale chofewa, mphepo, ndi nyenyezi usiku;
Mtima wanga umandiyitanira kutali ndi nkhawa.
Pano pali chithunzi cha utsogoleri wa Yuzovka - Korzhikov pakati, kumanzere kwake - Zavenyagin.
Pamodzi ndi Tito anadutsa mu Crimea ndi Roma - ndiye kunali kosatheka popanda izo. Monga ndanenera kale, Donbass m'zaka za m'ma 20 ankakumbukira kwambiri Donbass m'zaka za m'ma 90 - zinali zongopeka za madera olamulidwa ndi magulu ambiri omwe anali ndi maubwenzi ovuta.
Ndipo tanthauzo la gulu lirilonse lidatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa omenyera omwe limatha kumenya nawo, kotero kuti nthawi ndi nthawi amayenera kupita "kukayimira anzawo."
Mwachitsanzo, "Ukomovskys", umene Zavenyagin anali, ngakhale udindo wawo mkulu, nthawi ndi nthawi anafunika kupempha thandizo gulu la Yuzov luso sukulu. Ndipo omenyanawa, otchuka ku Yuzovka, adatsogoleredwa ndi wachikominisi wachinyamata wotchedwa Nikita, yemwe anali atangobwera kumene kuchokera ku Civil War, dzina lake Khrushchev.
Mwa njira, kwa nthawi yayitali sanasiye chithunzi cha "mwana wanzeru", apa pali tsogolo la "mlimi wa chimanga" (kumanzere) ndi abwenzi kutchuthi ku Kislovodsk koyambirira kwa 30s.
Ndipo apa ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa lingaliro limodzi - ngakhale kuti Khrushchev anali wocheperako wa Zavenyagin, ubale weniweni pakati pa komiti yachigawo ndi mabungwe a chipani cha mzindawu sunali ubale pakati pa abwana ndi omvera, koma pakati pa mbuye ndi osaloledwa. atumiki.
Atagwirizana, "antchito" amatha kugonjetsa "wamkulu" mosavuta, zomwe zinachitika ndi wotsatira wa Zavenyagin, Konstantin Moiseenko.
Umu ndi momwe Khrushchev mwiniwake amalankhula za izi m'mabuku ake:
Zavenyagin anali mlembi wa komiti ya chipani chachigawo. Nditamaliza maphunziro a faculty ya antchito, Moiseenko anakhala mlembi wa komiti ya chigawo (kenako anasamuka kuchoka m’maboma kupita ku zigawo). <…> Mu Epulo 1925, Msonkhano Wachipani Cha XIV unatsegulidwa. Ndinasankhidwa kuchokera ku bungwe la chipani cha Yuzovsky. Inatsogoleredwa ndi Moiseenko ("Kostyan", monga momwe timamutcha), yemwe ndamutchula kale. Anali wophunzira yemwe sanamalize maphunziro a zachipatala, wokamba nkhani wabwino komanso wokonzekera bwino. Anasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhudza kwamphamvu kwa bourgeois, ndipo kugwirizana kwake ndi gulu lake linali pafupifupi NEPman. Choncho, pambuyo pake tinamuchotsa kwa alembi.
Mwa njira, Khrushchev akufotokozanso khalidwe la "Donetskites" motsogoleredwa ndi "Kostyan" pamsonkhano wa chipani ku Moscow moona mtima:
Ndipo ife ndiye tinkakhala ku Karetny Row, mu Nyumba ya Soviets (ndiko kutchedwa). Tinkakhala mophweka, munali mabanki kumeneko, ndipo ife, monga amati, tinkagonapo. Ndikukumbukira kuti panthawiyo Postyshev, zikuwoneka, mlembi wa bungwe la chipani cha Kharkov anafika ndi mkazi wake ndipo, mofanana, motsatira, anagona nafe, ndipo mkazi wake anagona kumeneko, pafupi ndi ife. Izi zinayambitsa nthabwala za Postyshev. Tonse tinali achichepere panthawiyo.
Kawirikawiri, zinkawoneka kuti zonse ndi Zavenyagin zinali zabwino komanso zotsimikiza kwa zaka zambiri.
Ntchito yanga ikuyenda bwino, ntchitoyo ndi yosangalatsa, omwe ali pansi pa ine amandilemekeza, ndipo akuluakulu anga ali ndi mbiri yabwino. Mkwatibwi adawonekeranso, wokongola wakumaloko Maria Rozhkova, yemwe adakumana naye pamsonkhano wokumbukira ogwira ntchito pachipani omwe adaphedwa ndi achifwamba a Ataman Moskalevsky, wodziwika bwino kuti "Yashka the Golden Tooth." Zinthu zidali ponseponse ku ukwatiwo...
Maria Rozhkova
Ndipo monga aliyense m'moyo, mudzakumana ndi chikondi tsiku lina.
Ndi inu, monga inu, iye molimba mtima adzadutsa mkuntho.
Ndi chipale chofewa, mphepo, ndi nyenyezi usiku;
Mtima wanga umandiyitanira kutali ndi nkhawa.
Koma, monga mukudziwa, munthu amalingalira, koma Mulungu amakonza. Fadeev ndi Tevosyan adasokonezedwa ndi msonkhano wachipani. Nkhani yosangalatsa kwambiri inachitika kwa Zavenyagin.
Ndikanena kuti zomwe zikuchitika mu Donbass m'zaka za m'ma 20 zinali kukumbukira Donbass m'zaka za m'ma 90, ziyenera kumveka kuti kuwonjezera pa zofanana, panalinso kusiyana kwakukulu. Abale a m’zaka za m’ma 90 ankagawana malo opangira mafuta ndi misika, ndiko kuti, ankamenyera ndalama. M'zaka za m'ma 20, adamenyera tsogolo labwino - chifukwa cha masomphenya awo a momwe dziko lapansi liyenera kukhalira.
M’chenicheni, Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni inali nkhondo yachipembedzo, imene imafotokoza mokulira kuipidwa kwake.
Mukayang'ananso chithunzi cha Komiti Yachigawo cha Yuzovsky, simudzawona unyolo umodzi wa golide pa aliyense wa iwo. Komanso, atsogoleri ena a mzinda waukulu amavala mosabisa kanthu.
Koma zimenezi sizinawavutitse.
Iwo anali oganiza bwino.
Ngakhale maluso ake onse oyang'anira, Avramiy Pavlovich sanali nthawi zonse monga logic kukula ntchito chofunika. Ndipo iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Zavenyagin ankaonedwa ndi ambiri kuti ndi "arithmometer pamiyendo," ubongo wopanda maganizo nthawi zonse umawerengera zomwe zikuyenda bwino m'mutu mwake.
Izi ndi zoona komanso sizoona nthawi imodzi.
Inde, anali wokhoza kuwerengera mayendedwe. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo Avramiy Pavlovich sanali makina mzimu. Anali munthu, ndi munthu wokhala ndi malingaliro. Iye, monga ngwazi zanga zonse, amakhulupirira moona mtima kuti akumanga yatsopano - ndi yabwinoko! - dziko. Amabweretsa kumoyo maloto osatha a anthu onena za ufumu wachilungamo. Ndipo awa sanali mawu akulu. Chinali chikhulupiriro chowonadi cha akatswiri, loto lenileni komanso lalikulu, pakuzindikira komwe anyamatawa anali okonzeka kulipira - ndikulipira! - mtengo wokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Bola ndikhoza kuyenda, bola ndikhoza kuyang'ana,
Bola ndikhoza kupuma, ndipita patsogolo!
Ndi chipale chofewa, mphepo, ndi nyenyezi usiku;
Mtima wanga umandiyitanira kutali ndi nkhawa.
Tsiku lina ku Yuzovka chochitika chochititsa chidwi chinachitika - galimoto yotseguka inali kugubuduza m'misewu, momwe gulu la achinyamata linali kusangalala.
Anthu ogwira ntchito m’maphwando oledzera pamodzi ndi achinyamata ogwira ntchito m’gulu la atsikana ankaimba nyimbo monyoza komanso kuwombera zipolopolo m’mwamba.
Zinkawoneka zonyansa kwambiri chifukwa inali nthawi yanjala kwambiri, ndipo anthu ambiri a mumzindawo, osayang'ana kuwala kwa mwezi, sanaone mkate, ankadya zidutswa za mkate.
Monga momwe zinakhalira, chipwirikiticho chinakonzedwa ndi mutu wa chigawo cha migodi ya malasha cha Yuzovsky, Ivan Chugurin.
Ivan Chugurin
Ndipo apa ngwazi zanga zimalakwitsa kwambiri kasamalidwe, koma osapereka malingaliro awo. Avramiy Zavenyagin ndi tcheyamani wa komiti wamkulu Tit Korzhikov anachita mwankhanza kwambiri - ofesi ya chipani analandira chigamulo kuchotsa Chugurin pa udindo ndi kumuthamangitsa mu chipani.
Zingaoneke ngati chilungamo chapambana. Koma kumbuyo kwa chilungamo kunabwera lingaliro la zida zolimbana ndi zida, zomwe zimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse komanso pansi pa maulamuliro onse. Ivan Chugurin anali munthu wovuta. Mfundo siziri ngakhale kuti iye, monga Zavenyagin, anali membala wa Central Election Commission ku Ukraine.
Chofunika kwambiri kuposa udindo wovomerezeka chinali kulemera kosakhazikika.
Chugurin sanafanane ndi Zavenyagin wachinyamata wosadziwika. Ivan Chugurin anali comrade wodalirika, Bolshevik wakale ndi zochitika zisanayambe kusintha, membala wa CPSU (b) kuyambira 1902, mmodzi wa olemba a Bolshevik manifestos mu February 1917. Mu April 1917, Chugurin adakumana ndi Lenin, yemwe adabwerera ku Petrograd kuchokera kusamukira ku Finlyandsky Station ndipo adamupatsa Ilyich khadi lake lachipani 600.
Choyipa kwambiri chinali chakuti Chugurin anali wothandizira wa Georgy Pyatakov mwiniwake, membala wa Komiti Yaikulu ya RCP (b), yemwe chaka chapitacho anali mtsogoleri wa Boma la Provisional Workers 'and Peasants' of Ukraine, ndi tsopano anali ndi udindo wa Wapampando wa Central Board wa Makampani a malasha mu Moscow.
Yankho linabwera nthawi yomweyo - Pyatakov anafuna kuti Zavenyagin kuchotsedwa pa udindo wake.
Kulimbana kumbuyoku kunayamba.
Georgy Pyatakov
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti mphamvuzo zinakhala pafupifupi zofanana. Kumene, Pyatakov zipangizo kulemera anali wosayerekezeka ndi mphamvu zazing'ono "Ndale Mowgli" Zavenyagin, amene anali asanapeze woyang'anira wabwino. Koma ambiri a Donetsk Bolsheviks anagwirizana ndi wachikominisi wachinyamatayo - chifukwa chakuti iye anayimira choonadi. Osayiwala kuti awa anali achikondi zaka makumi awiri.
Poyamba, kupambana kunali kumbali ya otsutsa Avramiy Pavlovich. Sizinali zotheka kumuthamangitsa ku phwando, koma Zavenyagin anachotsedwa pa udindo wake ndipo anatumizidwa ku Donetsk ku Mukhosransk-Zaglushkinsky wamba - likulu la chigawo cha Starobelsk. Komabe, sizinali zachipululu; zinali zovuta kwambiri kuti Zavenyagin azigwira ntchito ku Starobelsk.
Ngati kokha chifukwa mzinda ankalamulidwa ndi achifwamba - otsalira a magulu achifwamba Makhno, Marusya ndi Kamenyuk.
Avramiy Palych amavomereza kusankhidwa, ndipo omutsatira ake amasonkhanitsa gulu la anthu okhulupirika kwa iye ku Yuzovka - adagawira anthu pafupifupi 70. Posakhalitsa amasamukira ku Starobelsk.
Iwo anamenyera njira yawo yopita ku mzinda, chigawo chochokera ku siteshoni ya Svatovo kupita ku Starobelsk chinakhala chovuta kwambiri - achifwambawo sankafuna kuti njanjiyi iwonongeke. Zavenyagin anafunika kupempha thandizo kwa ogwira ntchito njanji. Anthu amenewo anapereka, ndipo mu September 1921 Starobelsk anatengedwa.
Sitikufuna mtendere, ndife okondwa ndi tsoka ili.
Mumatenga lawi ndi dzanja lanu, kuswa ayezi ndi mpweya wanu.
Ndi chipale chofewa, mphepo, ndi nyenyezi usiku;
Mtima wanga umandiyitanira kutali ndi nkhawa.
Mphamvu mumzindawu idapita ku Komiti ya Revolutionary, yomwe inkatsogoleredwa ndi Zavenyagin.
Komabe, zinali zotheka kupeza malo mumzindawo wokha, ndipo m’misewu munalibe “zonyansa”.
Chotero Abramu anakhala m’mudzimo ngati msilikali wopanduka m’nyumba yozingidwa ndi mpanda.
Mwa njira, mutu wa Zavenyagin wa Starobelsk Cheka sanali wina koma wotchedwa Dmitry Medvedev. Only wotchedwa Dmitry Anatolyevich, ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Nikolaevich.
Yemweyo lodziwika bwino wotchedwa Dmitry Nikolaevich Medvedev, zoopsa za atamans a Donbass zigawenga zigawenga ndi atsogoleri a Odessa zigawenga zigawenga, amene kawiri anathamangitsidwa NKVD pamaso pa nkhondo, ndipo pa nkhondo anakhala mkulu wa lodziwika bwino. "Opambana" omwe ali ndi cholinga chapadera "Opambana" opangidwa ndi Sudoplatov." Malo omwewo omwe adamenyana nawo akuluakulu a intelligence N. I. Kuznetsov, N.V. Strutinsky, Africa De las Heras ndi ena ambiri.
Iwo ankakhala moyo wosangalala mu Starobelsk. Monga Evgenia Zavenyagina anakumbukira, bambo ake nthawi ina anatumiza msilikali wa Red Army kwa amayi ake, akadali mkwatibwi, ndi kalata yomupempha kuti abwere. "Amayi adazengereza, samadziwa choti ayankhe. Msilikali wa Red Army anaganiza kuti amawopa ndipo anayamba kumutsimikizira kuti panalibe chilichonse choopsa, ankangofunika kudutsa m'dera limodzi, kuti amupatse mfuti kuti abwerere."
Madeti achikondi otere adakonzedwa ndiye ...
Kutsegulidwa kwa chipilala choyamba cha "Fighters of the Revolution" ku Starobelsk, malo ozimitsa moto kumbuyo. 1924.
Ndiye kugwedezeka kunagwedezeka kumbali ina - Chikomyunizimu cha Yuzovsky chinatha kukakamiza chisankho chobwezeretsa Zavenyagin monga mlembi wa Komiti ya Yuzovsky Party. Izi zinawopseza kubweretsa mkanganowo pamlingo watsopano wa mikangano, motero, mwachiwonekere, magulu otsutsanawo, atatopa ndi kulimbana, adalowa mgwirizano wopereka mgwirizano pa mfundo yakuti "ngakhale athu kapena anu."
Popeza kuti chiyanjanitso n'zosatheka, ndipo kupambana kwa m'modzi wa maphwando ndi vuto, maphwando onse otsutsana anayenera kusiya Donbass - onse Chugurin ndi anthu ake, ndi Zavenyagin ndi Korzhikov.
Aliyense amapatsidwa mwayi kupulumutsa nkhope - makamaka Avramiy Pavlovich ndi Tit Mikhailovich kupita ku Moscow kuphunzira.
Korzhikov adzapitiriza ntchito yake ya chipani, choncho anasankha State Institute of Journalism - panali yunivesite yotereyi ku Moscow, kenako anadzatchedwanso Communist Institute of Journalism. Zavenyagin, modabwitsa kwa ambiri, adakonda njira ya uinjiniya ndikulowa Moscow Mining Academy. Chokhacho chomwe chikomyunizimu cha Yuzovsky adatha kukankha chinali chigamulo choyimitsa kunyamuka kwa chaka chimodzi. Chifukwa cha iye, Zavenyagin anayamba kuphunzira pasukulu mochedwa kuposa anzake.
Musaganize kuti aliyense waimba, kuti mikuntho yonse yatha.
Konzekerani cholinga chachikulu, ndipo ulemerero udzakupezani.
Ndi chipale chofewa, mphepo, ndi nyenyezi usiku;
Mtima wanga umandiyitanira kutali ndi nkhawa.
Koma asananyamuke, mkwati ndi mkwatibwi anakwatirana. Kotero Zavenyagin anafika ku Mining Academy - ndi mkazi wake wamng'ono ndi dowry, wopangidwa ndi makina osokera a Singer ndi chifuwa cholemera chokhala ndi zogwirira ntchito.
Ndani sanagone pachifuwa ichi pambuyo pake - kuphatikiza Khrushchev, yemwe nthawi ina adabwera ku likulu kudzagula mfuti yosaka ndipo adakhala ndi abwana ake akale ...
Nkhaniyi imagwiritsa ntchito ndakatulo za Lev Oshanin. Nkhani zina pamndandandawu - ndi tag "Red Hogwarts"
Source: www.habr.com