Ndani mwa ife sangakonde kuphunzira mofulumira ndikukumbukira zatsopano pa ntchentche? Ofufuza agwirizanitsa luso lachidziwitso lamphamvu ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Amazindikira osati kukumbukira kokha, komanso moyo wabwino - apa pali ntchito yopambana, kuyanjana kwachangu komanso mwayi wongosangalala kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yanu yaulere.
Sikuti aliyense ali ndi mwayi wobadwa ndi kukumbukira zithunzi, koma palibe chifukwa chotaya mtima. N’zotheka kuchita zinazake zikatero. Anthu ena amaloweza "Eugene Onegin," ena amagula zolemba ndi zosonkhanitsa ndi zochitika zapadera. Enanso akutchera khutu ku mapulogalamu omwe amalonjeza zotsatira zabwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ngati ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito mphindi 10-15 kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse. Tikuwuzani zomwe simulators izi zimatengera komanso zomwe mungayembekezere kuchokera kwa iwo.
Chithunzi: /unsplash.com
Timakumbukira bwanji
Kufufuza kwakukulu kwamaphunziro pankhani imeneyi kunayamba m’zaka za m’ma XNUMX. Ulemu wa chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zapezedwa m'derali ndi wa pulofesa waku Germany Hermann Ebbinghaus. Ndi zomwe adapeza zomwe zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano m'makina owongolera kukumbukira.
Ebbinghaus adafufuza njira zokumbukira zozama zomwe zilipo mosasamala kanthu za nkhaniyo. Izi zimasiyanitsa ntchito yake ndi kafukufuku wa Freud yemweyo. Bambo wa psychoanalysis adaphunzira chifukwa chake timayiwala zinthu zomwe siziri zosangalatsa kwa ife kapena mawonekedwe osakhala olondola nthawi zonse, koma nthawi zambiri zokumbukira "zosavuta". Ebbinghaus - adaphunzira kukumbukira kwamakina. Zimagwira ntchito pamaziko a kubwereza zinthu.
Choncho, muzofufuza zake, wasayansi analoweza ndondomeko ya zilembo zitatu (mavawelo mmodzi pakati pa makonsonanti awiri - "ZETS", "MYUSCH", "TYT"). Chofunikira chinali chakuti kuphatikiza kumeneku sikunapange mawu atanthauzo ndipo sikufanana nawo. Pachifukwa ichi, mwachitsanzo, amakana "BUK", "MYSHCH" kapena "TIAN". Panthawi imodzimodziyo ya tsiku, Ebbinghaus ankawerenga maunyolo a masilabi oterowo mokweza kuti awerenge metronome. Ananenanso kuti kubwereza kangati komwe kumafunika kubwereza ndondomekoyi molondola.
Chotsatira cha zoyesayesa izi chinali "kuyiwala kokhota." Imawonetsa kutsetsereka kwa chidziwitso kuchokera pamtima pakapita nthawi. Ichi si fanizo, koma kudalira kwenikweni komwe ndondomekoyi ikufotokoza.
, pomwe b ndi gawo la zinthu zomwe zatsala m'chikumbukiro (mu%) ndipo t ndi nthawi yodutsa (mumphindi).
Ndikoyenera kutsindika kuti zotsatira za ntchitoyi zinatsimikiziridwa pambuyo pake. Mu 2015, asayansi Kuyesera kwa Ebbinghaus ndikupeza zotsatira zofanana.
Kutulukira kwa Ebbinghaus kunapangitsa kuti tipeze mfundo zingapo zokhudza kukumbukira makina. Choyamba, wasayansiyo adapeza kuti ubongo umayesa kupeza chinthu chodziwika bwino ngakhale muzinthu zopanda tanthauzo mwadala. Kachiwiri, chidziwitso chimathawa pamtima mosagwirizana - mu ola loyamba zoposa theka la zinthuzo "zimachoka", patatha maola khumi munthu amatha kukumbukira lachitatu, ndipo zomwe sangayiwale mu sabata, adzatha. kukumbukira mwezi umodzi.
Pomaliza, mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi yakuti mukhoza kuloweza pamtima mwa kubwereranso ku zimene munaphunzira kale. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa kubwereza-bwereza. Linapangidwa koyamba mu 1932 ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku Britain Cecil Alec Mace mu limodzi la mabuku ake.
Bwerezani mwanzeru
Ngakhale ochita kafukufuku adatsimikizira kuti njira yobwerezabwereza imagwira ntchito m'zaka za m'ma 30, idangotchuka kwambiri patatha zaka 40, pamene wasayansi wa ku Germany Sebastian Leitner anaigwiritsa ntchito pophunzitsa zinenero zakunja. Bukhu lake lakuti “How to Learn to Learn” (So lernt man lernen, 1972) lakhala limodzi mwa maupangiri othandiza odziwika pa psychology of learning.
Chofunikira chachikulu chomwe Leitner adapereka ndikuti nthawi iliyonse yotsatizana isanachitike kubwereza kotsatira kwa zinthuzo ziyenera kukhala zazikulu kuposa zam'mbuyomu. Kukula kwa kuyimitsidwa ndi mphamvu za kuwonjezereka kwawo kungakhale kosiyana. Nthawi ya mphindi 20 - maola asanu ndi atatu - maola 24 amapereka kuloweza kwakanthawi kochepa. Ngati mukufuna kukumbukira nthawi zonse, muyenera kubwereranso kuzinthu zoterezi nthawi zonse: pambuyo pa masekondi 5, kenako masekondi 25, mphindi 2, mphindi 10, ola limodzi, maola 1, tsiku limodzi, masiku asanu, masiku 5, Miyezi 1, zaka 5.
Chithunzi: /Pixabay.com
M'zaka za m'ma 70, Leitner anapempha kugwiritsa ntchito makadi omwe matanthauzo a mawu achilendo analembedwa. Pamene zinthuzo zinkaloweza pamtima, makadiwo anasunthidwa kuchoka pagululo ndi kubwerezabwereza kaŵirikaŵiri kupita ku zochepa. Kubwera kwa makompyuta ndi mapulogalamu apadera, chiyambi cha ndondomekoyi sichinasinthe.
Mu 1985, wofufuza waku Poland Piotr Woźniak adatulutsa pulogalamu ya SuperMemo. Yakhala imodzi mwamapulogalamu otsogolera kukumbukira. Yankho liripo mpaka lero, ndipo ma algorithms ake akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zambiri.
Pulogalamu ya Wozniak imakupatsani mwayi wogwira ntchito ndi chidziwitso chilichonse, chifukwa ndizotheka kuwonjezera deta. Kenako, pulogalamuyo idzatsata "kuiwala kokhotakhota" kwa makhadi amodzi ndikupanga mzere wawo potengera mfundo yobwereza motalikirana.
M'zaka zotsatila, ma analogi osiyanasiyana a SuperMemo ndi mitundu yoyambirira yamakina okulitsa luso loloweza adatulutsidwa. Mapulogalamu ambiri otere atsimikizira kuti amagwira ntchito bwino - tidakambirana izi mu habrapost yam'mbuyomu. Koma, tsoka, chidzudzulo chinatsatira.
Yendetsani mafuta
Ngakhale a Leitner ndi othandiza bwanji pophunzira zilankhulo zakunja, kuloweza masamu kapena masiku akale, asayansi sanapeze umboni wosonyeza kuti maphunziro okumbukira pamutu uliwonse amawongolera luso la kukumbukira.
Muyeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti mapulogalamu oterowo sathandizanso kuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwa luso lachidziwitso, kaya chifukwa cha kuvulala, matenda aliwonse kapena kusintha kwa zaka.
Chithunzi: /Pixabay.com
M'zaka zaposachedwa, nkhaniyi nthawi zambiri yasokoneza akatswiri. Ndipo munthu angawerenge bwanji poyera , yomwe idasainidwa ndi asayansi ambiri otchuka mu 2014, ambiri mwa machitidwewa, kuphatikiza masewera anzeru osiyanasiyana, amagwira ntchito molingana ndi ntchito zomwe amathetsa okha, koma sangathe kuthandizira pakuwongolera bwino kwa "khalidwe" la kukumbukira. . Kumbali ina, ku "zotsutsa" izi. otsutsa ndipo mkangano ukupitirira.
Koma ngakhale zikanakhala choncho, chifukwa cha zimene zinatsatira, katswiri mmodzi wa “zoyeserera za ubongo” anakakamizika kusintha mawuwo.
Mu 2016, US Federal Trade Commission Luminosity kulipira $2 miliyoni pakutsatsa kolakwika. Woyang'anirayo adatsimikiza kuti kampaniyo idachita mantha ndi anthu zakusintha kwazaka zakubadwa ndikuyika chiyembekezo chabodza kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Tsopano pulojekitiyi ikulimbikitsa ntchito zake ngati zida "zotsegula zomwe ubongo wamunthu angathe kuchita."
Kafukufuku wowonjezereka pamutuwu akuwonetsa kuti pali zotsatirapo zina kuchokera ku masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku, koma zotheka kuthetsa ma puzzles pa foni yamakono sikungapitirire kupirira kwanu, ziribe kanthu momwe ma simulators ena am'manja ali okhutiritsa.
Ndipo kuloweza mawu achilendo mothandizidwa ndi mapulogalamuwa kudzakuthandizani kuti muyankhule chinenero chatsopano chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, chabwino. Chifukwa chake, aliyense amene akufuna kukonza kukumbukira kwawo ayenera kusamala kwambiri osati "zida" zoloweza pamtima, komanso kuyang'ana gawo la luso lomwe mukufuna komanso kuti musaiwale zomwe zili. , luso lokhazikika komanso ku katundu wamaphunziro.
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Komanso:
Source: www.habr.com