Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za Olympiad ya "Ndine Katswiri": timalankhula za madera "Big Data" ndi "Robotics"

«Ndine katswiri"ndi mpikisano wa ma bachelor ndi masters aumunthu ndi luso laukadaulo. Amapangidwa ndi makampani akuluakulu aku Russia a IT komanso mayunivesite amphamvu kwambiri mdziko muno, kuphatikiza ITMO University. Lero tikukamba za zolinga za Olympiad ndi madera awiri omwe yunivesite yathu ikuyang'anira - "Big Data" ndi "Robotics" (za ena onse - mu habratopics yotsatira).

Chithunzi: Victor Aznabaev /unsplash.com

Mawu ochepa okhudza Olimpiki

Cholinga. Unikani chidziwitso cha ophunzira ndikuwadziwitsa zomwe amawalemba ntchito. Ophunzira amakula m'munda wawo wasayansi wosankhidwa, akugwira ntchito m'makampani apadziko lonse lapansi. Wolemba ntchito amapindulanso - safunikira kulembetsanso akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino ndikupereka moni kwa ogwira ntchito kumene ndi mawu akuti: "Iwalani zonse zomwe munaphunzitsidwa ku yunivesite."

Chifukwa chiyani kutenga nawo mbali? Opambana kupeza mwayi kulowa mayunivesite Russian popanda mayeso. Mutha kupeza internship ku Yandex, Sberbank, IBS, Mail.ru ndi mabungwe ena akulu. Chaka chatha, zopereka zochokera kumakampani aku Russia analandira opitilira mazana anayi ochita nawo bwino. Komanso, ophunzira omwe adziwonetsa okha azitha kuyendera sukulu zachisanu.

Ndani akutenga nawo mbali? Ophunzira akatswiri onse - luso, umunthu ndi sayansi zachilengedwe. Kuwonjezera omaliza maphunziro, omaliza maphunziro, okhala ndi ophunzira a mayunivesite yachilendo.

Mtundu wa chochitika. Mutha kulembetsa mpaka Novembara 18th. Gawo loyenerera pa intaneti lidzachitika kuyambira Novembara 22 mpaka Disembala 8, koma mutha kulumpha ngati mutamaliza bwino osachepera awiri. maphunziro apaintaneti kuchokera pamndandanda. Opambana pa mpikisano woyenerera adzapita ku mpikisano wa intramural m'mayunivesite akuluakulu m'dziko lonselo, omwe akukonzekera Januwale - Marichi. Zotsatira za Olympiad ya "I am Professional" zidzasindikizidwa mu Epulo pa webusaiti ya polojekiti.

Chaka chino Olympiad imaphatikizapo madera 68. Akatswiri a yunivesite ya ITMO amayang'anira asanu mwa iwo: "Photonics", "Information and Cyber ​​​​Security", "Programming and Information Technologies", komanso "Big Data" ndi "Robotics". Tikuwuzani zambiri za awiri omaliza.

Big Data

Derali likukhudza matekinoloje onse a Big Data life cycle, kuphatikiza kusonkhanitsa kwawo, kusungirako, kukonza, kufanizira ndi kutanthauzira. Opambana azitha kulowa mu pulogalamu ya masters ku yunivesite ya ITMO popanda mayeso a mapulogalamu: "Applied Mathematics and Informatics", "Digital Health", "Big Data Financial Technologies" ndi ena angapo.

Otenga nawo mbali adzakhalanso ndi mwayi wopita ku internship muzapadera za sayansi ya data ndi mainjiniya a data m'makampani othandizana nawo. Awa ndi National Center for Cognitive Research, Mail.ru, Gazpromneft STC, Rosneft, Sberbank ndi ER-Telecom.

"M'zaka zaposachedwa, gawo la Big Data lakhala likudziwika kwambiri. Ukadaulo wakusonkhanitsa ndi kusungirako zidziwitso zikukula, njira zatsopano zama digito zikubwera (m'munda wa IoT ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti) zojambulira zomwe sizinachitikepo kale, "atero Alexander Valerievich Bukhanovsky, director. Megafaculty of Translational Information Technologies Yunivesite ya ITMO. "Panthawi yomweyi, chidwi chimaperekedwa osati pa momwe mungakonzekerere kusungirako ndi kugwiritsa ntchito deta, komanso kulungamitsa ziganizo ndi zisankho, komanso kupanga zitsanzo zolosera."

Kodi ntchitozo zidzakhala zotani? Gulu likuwakonzekeretsa Megafaculty of Translational Information Technologies Yunivesite ya ITMO. Amaganiziranso kuti katswiri wa Big Data ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira pamalingaliro otheka ndi masamu, komanso kuphunzira pamakina. Khalani ndi kumvetsetsa kwamaganizidwe ndi njira zamakina amakono opangira nzeru ndikulankhula R, Java, Scala, Python (kapena zida zina zothetsera mavuto).

M'munsimu timapereka chitsanzo cha vuto kuchokera kumodzi mwa magawo a Olympiad.

Chitsanzo cha ntchito: Pali ma seva 50 mgululi, okhala ndi ma cores 12 aliwonse. Zothandizira pakati pa opanga mapu ndi zochepetsera zimagawidwanso mwamphamvu (palibe kugawanika kokhazikika kwazinthu). Lembani mphindi zingati ntchito ya MapReduce yomwe imafuna 1000 mapper idzayenda pagulu loterolo. Pankhaniyi, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mapu amodzi ndi mphindi 20. Mukangosiya 1 kuchepetsa ntchitoyo, ndiye kuti idzakonza deta yonse mumphindi 1000. Yankho limavomerezedwa lolondola kumalo amodzi a decimal.

A. 44.6
B. 43.2
C. 41.6
D. 50.0

Yankho lolondolaC

Momwe mungakonzekere. Mutha kuyamba ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Upangiri wamasamu apakompyuta a MathCAD. Itha kukhala yothandiza pantchito yodziyimira pawokha yokhala ndi magwero oyambira kuthetsa mavuto.
• Zofunikira pakumanga ndi kutanthauzira ma probabilistic zitsanzo. Ntchito yofunikira imafotokoza chifukwa chake ma probabilistic model amafunikira masamu ngati σ-algebra.
• Gmurman V. E. "Chiphunzitso cha kuthekera ndi masamu". Buku losavuta komanso lothandiza lomwe limafotokoza zoyambira za probabilistic calculus za zochitika mwachisawawa.

Mabuku angapo opezeka paziwerengero zogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Olemba awo amangofotokozera momveka bwino malingaliro othetsera mavuto ndi kuyerekezera kwapakati:

Zolemba

• Han G. "Ziwerengero zamavuto aukadaulo"
• Orlov A.I. "Mwayi ndi ziwerengero zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Zofunika Kwambiri"
• Levin "Ziwerengero za Otsogolera Pogwiritsa Ntchito Microsoft Excel"
• Fisher R. A. "Njira Zowerengera za Ofufuza"
• Kobzar A. I. Anagwiritsa ntchito masamu
• Trukhacheva N.V. "Medical Statistics"
• GOST kuwerengera zowerengera

Zambiri zitha kupezekanso m'maphunziro amutu kuchokera pamndandanda wovomerezeka pa webusayiti ya Olimpiki.

Maloboti

Ma robotiki amaphatikiza machitidwe monga ma aligorivimu, zamagetsi ndi zimango. Utsogoleriwu ndiwoyenera kusankha kwa iwo omwe akuphunzira kale kapena akukonzekera kulowa m'mapulogalamu a masters ndi omaliza maphunziro muukadaulo wamapulogalamu, makina ogwiritsira ntchito, masamu ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sayansi yamakompyuta kapena uinjiniya wamagetsi. Ophunzira otsimikiziridwa amatha kulembetsa mapulogalamu kwaulere "Maloboti»,«Digital control systems"Ndipo"Makina opanga ma digito ndi matekinoloje"ku yunivesite yathu.

Kodi ntchitozo zidzakhala zotani? Ophunzira a Master ndi bachelor amathetsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, ntchito zonse zimayesa chidziwitso chovuta cha chiphunzitso chowongolera, kukonza zidziwitso komanso kutengera ma robot. Mwachitsanzo, otenga nawo mbali adzafunsidwa kuti ayang'ane kukhazikika kapena kuwongolera kwa dongosolo, kusankha kapangidwe kake, kapena kuwerengera ma coefficients owongolera.

"Tiyenera kuthana ndi vuto lachindunji kapena losiyana la roboti yam'manja kapena yosokoneza, kugwira ntchito ndi Jacobian wa dongosolo ndikuyang'ana nthawi yolumikizirana m'malo olumikizirana ndi katundu wakunja," akutero Sergey Alekseevich Kolyubin, wachiwiri kwa director. Megafaculty of Computer Technologies and Management ku ITMO. "Padzakhala ntchito zamapulogalamu - muyenera kulemba pulogalamu yaying'ono yopangira loboti kapena kukonzekera ma trajectories mu Python kapena C ++."

Pomaliza, ophunzira ayenera kukonza loboti kuti agwire ntchito kuchokera kumakampani omwe amagwirizana nawo: Russian Railways, Diakont, KUKA, ndi zina zambiri. Ntchitozi zikugwirizana ndi ma drones amtunda ndi mpweya, komanso maloboti ogwirizana omwe amagwira ntchito polumikizana ndi chilengedwe. Mtundu wa mpikisano umafanana Vuto la DARPA Robotic. Choyamba, ophunzira amagwira ntchito pa simulator, ndiyeno pa hardware yeniyeni.

Kenako, tiwona njira zingapo zogwirira ntchito mu gawo la Robotics zomwe ophunzira angakumane nazo. Nazi zitsanzo za omwe adzalembetse mapulogalamu a masters:

Chitsanzo cha ntchito #1: Loboti yamagalimoto a kinematics imayenda ndi liwiro la mzere v=0,3 m/s. Chiwongolero chimatembenuzidwira pakona w=0,2 rad. Ngati utali wa mawilo a loboti ndi wofanana ndi r = 0,02 m, ndipo kutalika ndi mayendedwe a loboti ndi ofanana ndi L = 0,3 m ndi d = 0,2 m, motsatana, mawilo aang'ono a mawilo aliwonse akumbuyo adzakhala otani. w1 ndi w2, zowonetsedwa mu rad/s?

Lowetsani yankho lanu mumtundu wa manambala awiri olekanitsidwa ndi danga, molondola ku malo achiwiri a decimal, poganizira chizindikirocho.

Chitsanzo cha ntchito #2: Ndi chiani chomwe chingakhale chizindikiro cha astatism mu dongosolo lotsekedwa logwirizana ndi chikoka chofotokozera, ngati kusanthula kukuchitika molingana ndi chithunzi cha dongosolo?

kukhalapo kwa maulalo aperiodic mudera lotseguka;
kukhalapo kwa maulalo abwino ophatikizana mu lupu lotseguka;
kukhalapo kwa maulalo oscillatory ndi osamala pamayendedwe otseguka.

Nawa mavuto kwa omwe akulowa sukulu yomaliza maphunziro kapena kukhala:

Chitsanzo cha ntchito #1: Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa chowongolera cha robotic chokhala ndi ma kinematics owonjezera okhala ndi zolumikizira 7 zozungulira. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa makina opangira ma robot {s} okhala ndi y-axis vector perpendicular to the page plane, coordinate system {b} yolumikizidwa ku flange ndi collinear ndi {s}. Roboti ikuwonetsedwa mu kasinthidwe kamene makonzedwe a angular a maulalo onse ali ofanana ndi 0. Nkhwangwa za helical zamagulu asanu ndi awiri a kinematic zikuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi (njira yabwino yotsutsana ndi wotchi). Nkhwangwa zamagulu 2, 4 ndi 6 zimayendetsedwa pamodzi, nkhwangwa zamagulu 1, 3 5 ndi 7 ndizofanana ndi nkhwangwa za dongosolo loyambira la maziko. Kukula kwa maulalo L1 = 0,34 m, L2 = 0,4 m, L3 = 0,4 m, ndi L4 = 0,15 m.

Chitsanzo cha ntchito #2: Kuti mugwire bwino ntchito yanthawi imodzi yokhazikika komanso kupanga mapu (SLAM) ma aligorivimu a maloboti am'manja pogwiritsa ntchito zosefera za tinthu, opanga adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira ma wheel resampling algorithm. Pa nthawi ina mu ntchito ya aligorivimu, chitsanzo cha 5 "tinthu" tolemera w (1) = 0,5, w (2) = 1,2, w (3) = 1,5, w (4) = 1,0 inatsalira m'chikumbukiro. ndi w(5) = 0,8. Pamlingo wocheperako wa kukula kwake kwachitsanzo pakubwereza kotchulidwa komwe njira yoyesereranso idzayambitsidwe. Lembani yankho lanu mumtundu wa decimal molondola kumalo amodzi a decimal.

Momwe mungakonzekere. Mutha kuwunika zomwe mukudziwa komanso zomwe mukuyembekeza pogwiritsa ntchito cheke. Omwe atenga nawo gawo mu Robotic zazikulu ayenera:

• Dziwani mfundo zamakina a robot, mawonekedwe a masensa amakono ndi njira zopezera zidziwitso zamaluso.
• Dziwani ndikutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamachitidwe ndi ma aligorivimu pakukonzekera njira ndi kuwongolera zokha, komanso kukonza zidziwitso zamalingaliro.
• Khalani ndi luso pamapulogalamu opangidwa ndi zinthu. Kutha kugwira ntchito m'malo opangira ma robotic.
• Dziwani mfundo, mawonekedwe ofunikira ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito gawo la computing, ma drive ndi masensa a ma robot amakono. Khalani ndi luso lokonzekera ndikukhazikitsa zoyeserera.

Kuti "mulimbikitse" madera aliwonse, mukhoza kumvetsera ma webinars kuchokera patsamba lovomerezeka. Mavuto ena ochokera ku Olympiad akale amakambidwa pamenepo. Palinso mabuku apadera, mwachitsanzo:

• Kolyubin S. A. "Dynamics of robotic systems"
• Borisov O.I., Gromov V.S., Pyrkin A.A. "Njira zowongolera ma robotic"
• Miroshnik I. V. "Chiphunzitso cha kulamulira kwadzidzidzi. Linear systems"
• Bruno Siciliano "Robotics: Modelling, Planning and Control"

Mabuku enanso

• Miroshnik I. V. "Chiphunzitso cha kulamulira kwadzidzidzi. Nonlinear ndi machitidwe abwino"
• Yurevich E. I. "Zofunika za Robotics"
• Etienne Dombre "Modeling, Performance Analysis and Control of Robot Manipulators"
• Mark Spong, Seth Hutchinson "Robot Modelling and Control"
• Bruno Siciliano "Springer Handbook of Robotic"
• Sebastian Thrun, Wolfram Burgard, Dieter Fox "Probabilistic robotics"

Ndipo maphunziro apa intaneti pa Openedu, Coursera ndi Edx

• Kuwongolera kwa mechatronic ndi robotic systems
• Linear automatic control systems
• Zofunikira za mechatronics ndi robotics
• Njira zosinthira zambiri za muyeso wa navigation
• Ma Algorithms a Mapulogalamu ndi Mapangidwe a Data
• Zinthu za machitidwe owongolera okha
• Chiphunzitso cha automatic control. Nonlinear automatic control systems
• Chitsanzo cha ndondomeko ndi machitidwe. Machitidwe osinthika a Nonlinear
• Maziko a Robot I - Kujambula kwa Robot
• Makina
• Ma robotiki: Mphamvu ndi Kuwongolera
• Maloboti: Kuzindikira
• Kuwongolera kwa Maloboti a M'manja
• Ma Robotic: Maziko a Kinematics ndi Masamu
• Autonomous Mobile Maloboti

Zambiri pa Olympiad:

• Olympiad "Ndine katswiri": tsamba lovomerezeka
• Zolemba zoletsa

Source: www.habr.com