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Ndi zaka za zana la 21, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti deta imatha kufalitsidwa mumtundu wa HD ngakhale ku Mars. Komabe, pali zida zambiri zosangalatsa zomwe zikugwira ntchito pawailesi ndipo zizindikiro zambiri zosangalatsa zimatha kumveka.
Inde, n’zosamveka kuziganizira zonsezo; tiyeni tiyesetse kusankha zosangalatsa kwambiri, zimene zingalandilidwe ndi kuzimasulira paokha pogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta. Kuti tilandire ma signature tidzagwiritsa ntchito wolandila pa intaneti waku Dutch , MultiPSK decoder ndi pulogalamu ya Virtual Audio Cable.
Kuti zikhale zosavuta kuziganizira, tidzapereka ma signature pakuwonjezeka kwafupipafupi. Sindingaganizire zowulutsa, ndizotopetsa komanso zoletsa; aliyense atha kumvera Radio China pa AM yekha. Ndipo tidzasunthira kuzizindikiro zambiri zosangalatsa.
Zizindikiro za nthawi yeniyeni
Mafupipafupi a 77.5 KHz (mafunde aatali), zizindikiro za nthawi yeniyeni zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku siteshoni ya Germany DCF77. Zakhalapo kale pa iwo , kotero tikhoza kubwereza mwachidule kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro chosavuta cha matalikidwe osinthika - "1" ndi "0" amasungidwa ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake, nambala ya 58-bit imalandiridwa mumphindi imodzi.
130-140KHz - telemetry yama network amagetsi
Pamafupipafupi awa, malinga ndi , zizindikiro zowongolera zamagulu amagetsi aku Germany zimatumizidwa.
Chizindikirocho ndi champhamvu kwambiri, ndipo malinga ndi ndemanga, chimalandiridwa ngakhale ku Australia. Mutha kuyiyika mu MultiPSK ngati muyika magawo monga momwe tawonetsera pazithunzi.
Pazotulutsa tidzalandira mapaketi a data, mawonekedwe awo, ndithudi, osadziwika; omwe akufuna akhoza kuyesa ndikusanthula nthawi yawo yopuma. Mwaukadaulo, chizindikirocho chimakhala chophweka kwambiri, njirayo imatchedwa FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) ndipo imakhala ndi kupanga pang'onopang'ono posintha maulendo opatsirana. Chizindikiro chomwecho, mu mawonekedwe a sipekitiramu - ma bits amatha kuwerengedwa pamanja.
Weather teletype
Pa sipekitiramu pamwamba, pafupi kwambiri, pafupipafupi 147 kHz, chizindikiro china chikuwonekera. Iyi ndi siteshoni ya (yomwenso yaku Germany) ya DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst) yomwe imapereka malipoti anyengo pazombo. Kuphatikiza pa ma frequency awa, ma sign amatumizidwanso pa 11039 ndi 14467 KHz.
Zotsatira za decoding zikuwonetsedwa pazithunzi.
Mfundo ya encoding ya teletype ndiyomweyi, FSK, chidwi apa ndikusindikiza mawu. Ndi 5-bit, yogwiritsa ntchito , ndipo lili ndi mbiri pafupifupi zaka 100.
Zikuwoneka kuti kachidindo kofananako kanagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matepi amapepala okhomeredwa, koma ma teletype a nyengo adatumizidwa kwinakwake kuyambira zaka za m'ma 60, ndipo monga mukuwonera, akugwirabe ntchito. Zoonadi, pa sitima yeniyeni chizindikiro sichimatchulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta - pali olandira apadera omwe amalemba chizindikirocho ndikuchiwonetsa pawindo.
Kawirikawiri, ngakhale kupezeka kwa mauthenga a satana ndi intaneti, kutumiza deta motere ndi njira yosavuta, yodalirika komanso yotsika mtengo. Ngakhale, ndithudi, zikhoza kuganiziridwa kuti tsiku lina machitidwewa adzakhala mbiri ndipo adzasinthidwa ndi ntchito za digito. Choncho amene akufuna kulandira chizindikiro choterocho asachedwe kwambiri.
Meteofax
Chizindikiro china cha cholowa chokhala ndi mbiri yayitali yofanana. Mu chizindikiro ichi, chithunzicho chimatumizidwa ku mawonekedwe a analogue pa liwiro la mizere 120 pamphindi (pali zikhalidwe zina, mwachitsanzo 60 kapena 240 LPM), kusinthasintha kwafupipafupi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza kuwala - kuwala kwa chithunzi chilichonse kumayenderana ndi kusintha kwafupipafupi. Chiwembu chosavuta choterechi chinapangitsa kuti zitheke kutumiza zithunzi m'masiku amenewo pomwe anthu ochepa adamva za "zizindikiro za digito".
Malo otchuka ku Europe komanso osavuta kulandira ndi siteshoni yaku Germany yotchulidwa kale ya DWD (Deutche Wetterdienst), kutumiza mauthenga pama frequency 3855, 7880 ndi 13882 KHz. Bungwe lina lomwe ma fax ake ndi osavuta kulandira ndi British Joint Operational Meteorology and Oceanography Center, amatumiza siginecha pama frequency 2618, 4610, 6834, 8040, 11086, 12390 ndi 18261 KHz.
Kuti mulandire zizindikiro za HF Fax, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito USB receiver mode, MultiPSK ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pojambula. Zotsatira zolandila kudzera pa websdr wolandila zikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi:
Chithunzichi chinajambulidwa pomwe tikulemba mawuwo. Mwa njira, zitha kuwoneka kuti mizere yowongoka yasuntha - protocol ndi analogi, ndipo kulondola kwamalumikizidwe ndikofunikira pano, ngakhale kuchedwetsa kwakung'ono kwamawu kumayambitsa kusintha kwazithunzi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito wolandila "weniweni", izi sizichitika.
Zoonadi, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi nyengo ya teletype, palibe aliyense m'sitimayo amasankha fax pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta - pali olandira apadera (chitsanzo cha chithunzi kuyambira pachiyambi cha nkhani) omwe amagwira ntchito yonse yokha.
Chithunzi cha 4285
Tiyeni tsopano tiganizire za ndondomeko yamakono yotumizira deta pa mafunde afupiafupi - modemu ya Stanag 4285. Mtunduwu unapangidwira NATO, ndipo ulipo m'matembenuzidwe osiyanasiyana. Zimatengera kusinthasintha kwa gawo, magawo azizindikiro amatha kusiyanasiyana, monga momwe tawonera patebulo, liwiro limatha kuyambira 75 mpaka 2400 bit / s. Izi sizingawoneke ngati zambiri, koma poganizira zapakatikati - mafunde amfupi, ndikuzimiririka komanso kusokoneza, izi ndi zotsatira zabwino.
Pulogalamu ya MultiPSK imatha kuzindikira STANAG, koma mu 95% yamilandu zotsatira za decoding zidzakhala "zinyalala" - mawonekedwewo amangopereka njira yotsika pang'ono, ndipo deta yokhayo imatha kusungidwa kapena kukhala ndi mtundu wake. mtundu. Komabe, ma siginecha ena amatha kusinthidwa, mwachitsanzo, kujambula pansipa pafupipafupi kwa 8453 KHz. Sindinathe kuzindikira chizindikiro chilichonse kudzera pa wolandila websdr; mwachiwonekere, kutumiza kwapaintaneti kumaphwanyabe dongosolo la data. Amene ali ndi chidwi akhoza kutsitsa fayilo kuchokera kwa wolandira weniweni pogwiritsa ntchito ulalo . Zotsatira za MultiPSK decoding zikuwonetsedwa pazithunzi pansipa. Monga mukuwonera, liwiro la kujambula uku ndi 600bps, mwachiwonekere fayilo yamawu imaperekedwa ngati zomwe zili.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti, monga mukuwonera panorama, pali zizindikiro zambiri mlengalenga:
Zachidziwikire, si onse omwe angakhale a STANAG - pali ma protocol ena otengera mfundo zomwezo. Mwachitsanzo, tikhoza kupereka kusanthula chizindikiro .
Mofanana ndi zizindikiro zina zomwe zakambidwa, zida zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polandira ndi kutumiza. Mwachitsanzo, kwa modemu yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pa chithunzi Liwiro lotchulidwa likuchokera ku 75 mpaka 9600bps ndi bandwidth ya siginecha ya 3KHz.
Liwiro la 9600, ndithudi, silochititsa chidwi kwambiri, koma poganizira kuti zizindikiro zimatha kufalikira ngakhale kuchokera ku nkhalango kapena kuchokera ku sitima yapamadzi m'nyanja, ndipo popanda kulipira kalikonse kwa magalimoto kwa woyendetsa telecom, izi sizoyipa kwambiri.
Mwa njira, tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane panorama pamwamba. Kumanzere tikuwona...ndiko kulondola, code yabwino yakale ya Morse. Kotero, tiyeni tipitirire ku chizindikiro chotsatira.
Morse kodi (CW)
Pafupipafupi 8423 KHz timamva izi. Luso lakumva la Morse code tsopano latsala pang'ono kutayika, kotero tidzagwiritsa ntchito MultiPSK (komabe, imasankha choncho, pulogalamu ya CW Skimmer imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri).
Monga mukuonera, malemba obwerezabwereza DE SVO amafalitsidwa, ngati mukukhulupirira , siteshoniyi ili ku Greece.
N’zoona kuti zizindikiro zoterezi n’zochepa, koma zikadalipobe. Mwachitsanzo, tikhoza kunena za siteshoni yaitali pa 4331 KHz, kutumiza zizindikiro zobwerezabwereza "VVV DE E4X4XZ". Monga Google ikunenera, siteshoniyi ndi ya Israeli Navy. Kodi pali china chilichonse chomwe chikufalitsidwa pafupipafupi? Yankho silikudziwika; omwe ali ndi chidwi amatha kumvetsera ndikudzifufuza okha.
The Buzzer (UVB-76)
Kugunda kwathu kumatha ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino kwambiri - chodziwika bwino ku Russia ndi kunja, chikwangwani pamafupipafupi a 4625 KHz.
Chizindikirocho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwitsa asitikali, ndipo chimakhala ndi ma beep mobwerezabwereza, pomwe mawu a codepad nthawi zina amatumizidwa (mawu osamveka ngati "CROLIST" kapena "BRAMIRKA"). Ena amalemba kuti adawona olandila oterowo m'maofesi olembetsa usilikali ndi kulembetsa, ena amati iyi ndi gawo la "dzanja lakufa", ambiri, chizindikirocho ndi mecca kwa okonda Stalker, nthano zachiwembu, Cold War ndi zina zotero. . Omwe ali ndi chidwi atha kulemba "UVB-76" pofufuza, ndipo ndikutsimikiza kuti kuwerenga kosangalatsa kwa madzulo ndikotsimikizika (komabe, simuyenera kutenga chilichonse cholembedwa mozama). Nthawi yomweyo, dongosololi ndi losangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa limagwirabe ntchito kuyambira Nkhondo Yozizira, ngakhale ndizovuta kunena ngati aliyense akufunika.
Kukwanitsa
Mndandandawu sunathe. Mothandizidwa ndi wolandila wailesi, mutha kumva (kapena kuti muwone) zidziwitso zolumikizirana ndi sitima zapamadzi, ma radar akumtunda, ma siginecha akusintha mwachangu, ndi zina zambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, apa pali chithunzi chojambulidwa pakali pano pafupipafupi 8 MHz; pa icho mutha kuwerengera ma siginecha 5 amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Zomwe ali nthawi zambiri sizidziwika, mwina sizinthu zonse zomwe zimapezeka poyera (ngakhale pali masamba monga и ). Kuphunzira kwa zizindikiro zoterezi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuchokera ku masamu, mapulogalamu ndi DSP, komanso ngati njira yophunzirira zatsopano za dziko lotizungulira.
Ndizosangalatsanso kuti ngakhale kukula kwa intaneti ndi kulumikizana, wailesi sikuti imangotaya malo, koma mwinanso mosemphanitsa - kuthekera kotumiza deta mwachindunji kuchokera kwa wotumiza kupita kwa wolandila, popanda kuyang'anira, kuwongolera magalimoto ndi kutsatira paketi, zitha kukhala (ngakhale tiye tikuyembekeza kuti sizikhala) zofunikiranso ...
Source: www.habr.com