Mu sabata yatha ya Novembala, National Supercomputer Forum idachitika ku Pereslavl-Zalessky. Kwa masiku atatu anthu adanena ndikuwonetsa momwe zinthu zikuyendera ndi chitukuko cha makompyuta apamwamba ku Russia ndi momwe matekinoloje oyesedwa pa makompyuta apamwamba amasinthidwa kukhala katundu.
Mmodzi wa membala wa Russian Academy of Sciences Sergei Abramov analankhula za polojekiti ya "Sensitive House" (November 27). Kukulitsa lingaliro la "nyumba yanzeru," akuwonetsa kuyang'ana zida zapakhomo, kumanga ndi kukumbukira machitidwe ake, kuphunzira kuchokera ku zolakwa zake, ndikudziwiratu momwe zilili ndi mavuto ake.
Institute of Software Systems ya Russian Academy of Sciences, motsogozedwa ndi Sergei Abramov, inayamba kupanga "nyumba zowonongeka" mu 2014, pamene kukonzanso kwa Academy of Sciences kunafuna kubweretsa ntchito zamaphunziro kumsika wamalonda. Panthawiyi, IPS RAS inali ndi chitukuko chabwino mu makina a sensa ndi kulamulira zipangizo, ndipo inali kupanga matekinoloje amtambo ndi kuphunzira makina.
Malinga ndi Sergei Abramov, nyumba zogona ndi mafakitale zimadzazidwa ndi zipangizo zomwe ubwino wa nyumba ndi ntchito yachete ya anthu zimadalira. Ngakhale zida "zanzeru" izi zimakula kukhala "nyumba yanzeru", sizimawongolera zokha. Eni ake sadziwa momwe zida ziliri ndipo sangathe kuziwunika mosavuta. Zomwe zatsala ndikusamalira pamanja zida zonse, monga Tamagotchi yayikulu, kuyang'ana ndikusintha makina pafupipafupi.
Kodi nyumba yanzeru ikugwira ntchito bwino? Kapena ndi nthawi yoti alowererepo? Kodi pachitika ngozi posachedwa? Payokha, palibe "smart home" yomwe imathetsa vutoli; kuti tiyankhe mafunso oterowo, kuyang'anira ndi kusanthula kumafunika. Chifukwa chake, makina apakompyuta opangidwa ku Institute amasonkhanitsa ziwerengero kuchokera ku masensa, amapanga machitidwe a makina apakhomo ndikuphunzira kuzindikira machitidwewa. Mwa kusiyanitsa makhalidwe abwino ndi khalidwe lovuta ndi kuzindikira ntchito yachilendo, nzeru zopangapanga zidzadziwitsa mwini nyumbayo pakapita nthawi kuopseza komwe kungachitike.
"Nyumba yokhudzidwa" ndi "nyumba yanzeru", yomwe kukhudzidwa, luso lodziphunzira, luso lodziunjikira khalidwe lolondola, luso lodziwiratu ndi kuchitapo kanthu zawonjezeredwa.
(Sergey Abramov, membala wofanana wa Russian Academy of Sciences)
Tidazolowera momwe "nyumba yanzeru" imasungira magawo ake: kutentha ndi kuunikira, chinyezi chokhazikika, mpweya wokhazikika wa mains. "Nyumba yanzeru" ikhoza kugwira ntchito molingana ndi script malinga ndi nthawi ya tsiku kapena chochitika (mwachitsanzo, idzatseka bomba la gasi pa lamulo lochokera ku analyzer ya gasi). "Nyumba Yomverera" imatenga sitepe yotsatira - imasanthula deta yamalingaliro ndikupanga mawonekedwe atsopano kuti agawidwe: chilichonse chikuyenda monga kale kapena pali zodabwitsa. Imakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe chakunja ndikulosera zolephera zomwe zingatheke, kulingalira zolakwika muzochitika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi imodzi ya zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. "Sensitive Home" imayang'anira zotsatira za ntchito yake, imachenjeza za mavuto ndikusintha zochitika, kupereka malingaliro kwa mwiniwake ndi kulola mwiniwake kuzimitsa zipangizo zolakwika.
Timathetsa vuto la machitidwe atypical a zida.
(Sergey Abramov, membala wofanana wa Russian Academy of Sciences)
Dongosolo lomwe likuperekedwa limadalira makina a sensa omwe amapereka miyeso yotengera nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, boiler ya dizilo nthawi zina imayatsa ndikutenthetsa madzi, pampu yozungulira imayendetsa madzi otentha kudzera m'mapaipi otenthetsera, ndipo masensa oyambira amafotokoza momwe zidazi zimawonongera magetsi. Kutengera zowerengera zingapo, sensa yachiwiri (pulogalamu) imawayerekeza ndi mbiri yabwinobwino ndikuzindikira zolephera. Sensor yapamwamba (pulogalamu) imalandira kutentha kwa mpweya wakunja ndikulosera zam'tsogolo za dongosololi, imayesa katundu wake ndi mphamvu zake - momwe kutentha kwa boiler ndi nyengo kumayendera. Mwinamwake mazenera ali otseguka ndipo chowotchera chikuwotcha mumsewu, kapena mwinamwake luso latsika ndipo ndi nthawi yokonzekera zodzitetezera. Kutengera kutengeka kwa magawo omwe adachokera, munthu amatha kudziwiratu nthawi yomwe adzapitirire kupitilira muyeso.
Poyesa kuwerengera nthawi imodzi ya masensa, "nyumba yowonongeka" imatha kuzindikira kuti pampu yamadzi sichizimitsa chifukwa imatsanulira madzi m'chitsime (kudzera mu valve yolakwika) kapena mwachindunji pansi (kupyolera mu kuphulika. paipi). Matendawa adzakhala odalirika kwambiri ngati masensa oyenda ali chete ndipo pampu imapopa madzi m'nyumba yopanda kanthu.
Maukonde a masensa amapezekanso m'nyumba zanzeru. Mitambo yamtambo imapezekanso m'nyumba zanzeru. Koma zomwe "nyumba zanzeru" zilibe ndi luntha lochita kupanga, kuphunzira pamakina, kudzikundikira kwa machitidwe olondola, magulu ndi kulosera.
(Sergey Abramov, membala wofanana wa Russian Academy of Sciences)
Mbali yamtambo ya "nyumba yovuta" imachokera ku NoSQL database Riak kapena Akumuli database, kumene nthawi zowerengera zimasungidwa. Kulandira ndi kutulutsa deta kumachitika pa nsanja ya Erlang/OTP, kumakupatsani mwayi wotumiza database pama node ambiri. Pulogalamu yamapulogalamu am'manja ndi mawonekedwe a intaneti amayikidwa pamwamba pake kuti adziwitse kasitomala kudzera pa intaneti ndi telefoni, ndipo pafupi ndi iyo pali pulogalamu yosanthula deta ndi kuwongolera machitidwe. Mutha kulumikiza kusanthula kwanthawi kulikonse pano, kuphatikiza kutengera ma neural network. Choncho, ulamuliro wonse pa machitidwe a "sensitive home" amaikidwa mu gawo lapadera loyang'anira. Kufikirako kumaperekedwa kudzera muakaunti yanu muutumiki wamtambo.
Erlang amapereka zabwino zonse za njira yogwira ntchito. Ili ndi njira zogawira, ndipo njira yosavuta yopangira pulogalamu yogawa yofanana ndikugwiritsa ntchito Erlang. Zomangamanga zathu zimakhala ndi mapulogalamu "sekondale masensa"; pakhoza kukhala angapo a iwo pa sensa yakuthupi, ndipo ngati tiwerengera makasitomala masauzande ambiri okhala ndi zida zambiri, tidzayenera kukonza kuchuluka kwa data. Amafunikira njira zopepuka zomwe zitha kukhazikitsidwa mochulukira. Erlang imakulolani kuti muthamangitse njira masauzande ambiri pachinthu chimodzi; dongosololi limakula bwino.
(Sergey Abramov, membala wofanana wa Russian Academy of Sciences)
Malinga ndi wopanga mapulogalamuwo, Erlang ndiwosavuta kupanga gulu laopanga mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, momwe ophunzira ndi zowunikira amapanga dongosolo limodzi. Zidutswa zamtundu wa pulogalamu yamapulogalamu zimawonongeka ndi cholakwika, koma dongosolo lonse likupitilizabe kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimakulolani kukonza malo olakwika powuluka.
Dongosolo la "sensitive home" limagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje onse omwe IPS RAS idagwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera makompyuta apamwamba. Izi zikuphatikizapo masensa amagetsi, kuyang'anira ndi machitidwe akutali. Pakalipano, pulogalamu yowonongeka imayenda pazitsulo zake zokha ndipo imatha kugwirizanitsa ndi zida zamoto, koma pali ndondomeko yosonkhanitsa deta kuchokera ku masensa a "nyumba zanzeru" zilizonse.
"Nyumba Yokhudzidwa" ndiyosangalatsa chifukwa mayankho anzeru amzindawu, oyandikana nawo komanso kunyumba akubwera patsogolo. Chosangalatsa apa sikupanga makompyuta apamwamba, koma kupanga makina ochezera a pa Intaneti, kuyambitsa makompyuta apamwamba m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuti makinawo asinthe miyoyo ya anthu.
(Olga Kolesnichenko, Ph.D., lecturer wamkulu ku Sechenov University)
Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2020, omanga adzakonza mapulogalamu ndi zida zoyambira kuti asonkhanitse machitidwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana mnyumba ndi nyumba. Amalonjeza kuti zotsatira zake zidzakhala zosavuta kukhazikitsa, osati zovuta kwambiri kuposa chotsuka chotsuka cha robot. Zida zoyambira zimathandizira zida zilizonse zoyang'aniridwa: zowotchera, zotenthetsera madzi, mafiriji, mapampu amadzi ndi matanki a septic. Ndiye kudzakhala kutembenukira kwa malonda ang'onoang'ono, kenako kupanga fabless, kuwonjezera kwa masensa atsopano ndi ma modules. Ndipo m'tsogolomu, mitundu yonse yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yosinthika ndizotheka - famu yovutirapo, chipatala chovuta, sitima yapamadzi, komanso thanki yovuta kwambiri.
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Source: www.habr.com