Woyang'anira kampani yopanga zolipira ali ndi njira ziwiri zopangira gulu. Yoyamba ndikulembera "akuluakulu" okonzeka ndikupitiriza kupanga malo ogwirira ntchito kotero kuti agwiritse ntchito luso lawo ndi chidziwitso chawo pazipita, kukulitsa ndipo nthawi yomweyo asayambe kumenyana. Chachiwiri ndi kupanga gulu kuchokera kwa osakanikirana atsopano, apakati ndi ochita bwino, kuti azilankhulana, azilimbikitsana, aphunzire ndikukula mkati mwa kampani. Ndikutsutsana ndi gulu loyipa la "palibe chidziwitso - palibe ntchito - palibe" ndipo sindikuwona vuto pakulemba ntchito woyambitsa. Forward Telecom yakhala ndi pulogalamu ya internship kwanthawi yayitali, yomwe yakhala njira yoyambira ntchito kwa antchito ambiri omwe alipo.
Tsopano ndikuwuzani momwe ndimawonera njira yachitukuko cha wopanga zolipiritsa, komanso motsatira zomwe muyenera kudziwa luso laukadaulo.
1. Phunzirani chinenero chopangira mapulogalamu
Poyamba, aliyense. Chofunika kwambiri ndi Java, Python ndi JavaScript, koma Ruby, Go, C, C ++ ndi oyenera kudziwa zambiri. Kodi kuphunzitsa? Tengani maphunziro olipidwa komanso aulere; Nditha kupangira maphunziro kuchokera ku Golang. Ngati mulingo wanu wa Chingerezi umalola, kuwonera makanema akunja ndi luso lowonjezera labwino.
2. Kumvetsetsa mfundo za OS
Machitidwe opangira ntchito amachokera pazigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa ndikutha kufotokozera mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito:
- kasamalidwe ka ndondomeko;
- Ulusi ndi ma code multithreaded;
- Socket (mawonekedwe a mapulogalamu);
- I/O kutumiza;
- Virtualization;
- Kusungirako;
- Fayilo machitidwe.
Ndikupangira kutenga maphunziro oyambira a Linux. Njira zachiwiri zogwirira ntchito pamzere ndi Windows ndi Unix.
3. Zolowereni pokwerera
Poyerekeza ndi phobia ya pepala lopanda kanthu, pali phobia ya chinsalu chakuda chopanda kanthu chokhala ndi cholozera chothwanima. Muyenera kuthana nazo kuti muphunzire kulemba malamulo abwino pamzere wolamula.
Muyenera kudziwa:
- Zipolopolo za Bash ndi KornShell;
- Malamulo pezani, grep, awk, sed, lsof;
- Network imalamula nslookup ndi netstat.
4. Network ndi chitetezo
Malipiro amagwirizana kwambiri ndi netiweki komanso chitetezo cha data. Simungalembe ntchito zapaintaneti osamvetsetsa momwe maukonde amagwirira ntchito, chifukwa chake muyenera kuphunzira mfundo zoyambira ndi ma protocol: DNS, OSI model, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SSL, TLS. Kenako, mukakumana ndi vuto la Connection Refused, mudzadziwa zoyenera kuchita.
5. Ma seva
Pambuyo pophunzira mfundo zofalitsa uthenga pa intaneti, mukhoza kuyamba zoyambira za ntchito ya seva. Yambani ndi ma seva: IIS, Apache, Nginx, Caddy ndi Tomcat.
Chotsatira pamndandanda:
- Reverse proxy;
- Woyimira wosadziwika;
- Kusungirako;
- Katundu kusanja;
- Zozimitsa moto.
6. Phunzirani zomangamanga monga malamulo
Ndikukhulupirira kuti siteji iyi ndi imodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri. Muyenera kumvetsetsa mitu itatu yayikulu:
- Zotengera: Docker ndi Kubernetes
- Zida zowongolera masinthidwe: Ansible, Chef, Mchere ndi Chidole
- Zosunga zobwezeretsera: Terraform, mitambo.
7. Phunzirani CI / CD
Luso lina lothandiza kwa wopanga mabilu ndikutha kukhazikitsa payipi yolumikizira mosalekeza ndikutumiza. M'dera la CI / CD pali zida monga Jenkins, TeamCity, Drone, Circle CI ndi ena. Spoiler: kuphunzira Jenkins omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kudzakhala kokwanira poyamba.
8. Kuwongolera mapulogalamu ndi zomangamanga
Cholinga chachikulu ndikumvetsetsa zoyambira zowunikira ntchito. Zida m'derali zidagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
- Kuyang'anira zomangamanga: Nagios, Icinga, Datadog, Zabbix, Monit.
- Kuwunikira magwiridwe antchito: AppDynanic, New Relic.
- LMS: ELK Stack, Graylog, Splunk, Papertrail.
9. Ntchito zamtambo
Posachedwapa, pulogalamu iliyonse kapena mapulogalamu adzakhala ndi mnzake wamtambo. Posakhalitsa, Madivelopa amakumana ndi mtambo, kotero werengani pazopereka zodziwika bwino zamtambo (AWS, Google Cloud, ndi Azure) komanso zoyambira zaukadaulo.
10. Kugwira ntchito ndi database
Ntchito zonse zamakono zimagwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe, ndipo zochitika ndi DBMS ndi SQL zidzapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyamba. Phunzirani kulemba mafunso a SQL, gwiritsani ntchito kufotokoza ndikuphunzira momwe index imagwirira ntchito. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kutenga maphunziro. Mutha kuyesanso luso lanu lolemba zolemba za Postgres ndikusewera ndi kubwereza.
11. Sinthani luso lanu lofewa
Zosayembekezereka zachilendo, koma zosafunikira. Choyamba, khalani oleza mtima. Mumazolowera mwachangu zinthu monga "konza chitsulo chanu, ndinu wopanga mapulogalamu," koma muyenera kukhala okonzekera m'maganizo nthawi yomaliza yoyambitsa ntchito zatsopano. Ngati mumachokera ku zero mpaka chaka mukupanga mapulogalamu ndipo mumatengedwa kuti ndinu Mnyamata, konzekerani kutsutsidwa ndikuphunzira kuvomereza, kubwereza kachidindo ndi mlangizi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kowawa. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, luso lovomerezeka ndi luso lotha kuteteza maganizo a munthu ndikutsutsa zolimbikitsa; nthawi zina chowonadi chimabadwira mkangano. Madivelopa sasiya kuphunzira, palibe denga mu ntchitoyo, kotero luso la kuphunzira ndi CHIKHUMBO chofuna kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano ndiye maziko a chitukuko chanu.
Nthawi zambiri ndimafunsidwa pamene woyambitsa afika pakatikati, ndipo pamene atha kutchedwa "wamkulu". Ndikukhulupirira kuti mphindi yosinthira kuchoka pamlingo kupita kumlingo sikudziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale luso lothandizira ndilo gawo lofunikira. Ndi luso lofewa lomwe nthawi zambiri limazindikira kuthamanga kwa wopanga: woyambira wophunzitsidwa bwino komanso wolimbikira amatha kulemba zilankhulo zapamwamba kwambiri m'zilankhulo zingapo ndikutha kugwira ntchito m'gulu miyezi ingapo. Wopanga mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi zaka 10 atha kulephera kuthana ndi mavuto omwe si anthawi zonse, kuyang'anira gulu, komanso kukhala ndi luso lambali imodzi.
Umu ndi momwe ndimawonera njira yachitukuko cha wopanga zolipira, umu ndi momwe timakulira akatswiri oyenerera mu gulu lathu la Forward Telecom. Sikuwoneka kuti ndikusowa kalikonse, koma ndimakonda nthawi zonse zowonjezera zowonjezera pamfundoyi.
Source: www.habr.com