Tisanapite ku Disco Elysium, tiyeni tibwerere zaka 100 zapitazo. M'zaka za m'ma 1910 ndi 20, Lev Kuleshov adawonetsa zotsatira za kusintha kwa filimu - malingana ndi kufananitsa mafelemu awiri omwe amaikidwa mbali imodzi, tanthauzo latsopano likuwonekera. Kuleshov adawombera pafupi ndi nkhope ya wosewera, ndiyeno mafelemu ena 3: mbale ya supu, mtsikana mu bokosi ndi mtsikana pa sofa.
Kutengera ndi mafelemu omwe adawonetsedwa kwa omvera, malingaliro adasinthanso. Owonerera ankaganiza kuti mwamunayo anali ndi njala (mbale ya supu), wachisoni (msungwana ali mβbokosi), kapena anachita chidwi (mkazi). Koma kwenikweni, maonekedwe a nkhope ya mwamunayo anali ofanana mβzochitika zonse, chithunzi choyamba chokha chinali chosiyana. Zotsatira zamaganizidwe izi, zotchedwa Kuleshov athari, zikuwonetsa momwe zomwe zilimo zimakhudzira tanthauzo lotulutsidwa.
Zotsatira za Kuleshov zimawonekera m'nkhani zamasewera a nthambi ndipo zimakhala ndi zolinga ziwiri: choyamba, kupanga zisankho zabwino, ndipo chachiwiri, kuchepetsa chiwembucho.
Chitsanzo. Munthuyo adzapereka munthu wamkulu panthawi inayake pachiwembucho. Wosewera amatha kupanga zisankho zomwe zimakhudza ubale wake ndi munthu uyu:
- "Zabwino": wosewera mpira amamuthandiza, ndipo khalidwelo limachita bwino. Chiwembu chikachitika, munthuyu amakhala wonyenga.
- "Zoyipa". Wosewerayo amamuvulaza, ndipo khalidwelo limadzipatula. Kodi khalidweli likuwoneka bwanji pamenepa? Iye ndiye wachinyengo woyembekezeredwa.
Kuti achepetse chiwembucho, muzotsatira za Kuleshov zomwe wosewera mpira amasankha zitha kugawidwa ngati "kuwombera" (choyamba "kuwombera" = mbale ya supu). Kupereka ndi "kuwombera" kutanthauziridwa munkhani ("kuwombera" kwachiwiri = nkhope ya munthu). Wosewera amapatsidwa ufulu wochitapo kanthu poyamba, koma osati wachiwiri. Izi zimatithandiza kupanga zisankho zomwe wosewerayo angasankhe. Mwachitsanzo, sipangakhale chisankho chopha munthu wachinyengo chifukwa "kuwombera" kwachiwiri kumafuna kuti akhale ndi moyo. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chikoka chomwe wosewera angakhale nacho pankhaniyi ndikuwapatsa mwayi wofufuza nkhani yawoyawo.
Tsopano tiyeni tibwerere ku Disco Elysium. Iyi ndi RPG, monga ina iliyonse, ili ndi ziwerengero zamakhalidwe. Izi si ziwerengero zanu za D&D monga mphamvu, nzeru, chidwi, ndi zina. Ziwerengero za Disco Elysium ndi zachifundo, encyclopedia ndi ulamuliro. Pamene wosewera mpira amaika mfundo zambiri mu lusoli, khalidweli limakhala bwino pa iwo, ndipo zimamukhudza kwambiri. Ngati simunasewere, mungakhale mukufunsa kuti, "Kodi wosewera mpira angakhudzidwe bwanji ndi chifundo?" Yankho: maubwenzi.
Maubwenzi ndi mizere ya zokambirana zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ziwerengero zamunthu wanu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu ali ndi chifundo chambiri, ndiye kuti adzabwera pokambirana ngati: "Iye amayesa kuti asawonetse, koma wakhumudwa ndi mtembo womwe uli kuseri kwa nyumba." Kenako, wosewera mpira akalandira zosankha zamakambirano, amawapenda potengera kumvera chisoniko. Nthawi zina zosangalatsa kwambiri pamasewerawa zimachitika pamene ziwerengero ziwiri zimapereka zosankha zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chifundo chikukuuzani kuti mumvere chisoni chifukwa chakuti munthu wina watsala pangβono kusweka, ndiye kuti akuluakulu amalangiza kumukakamiza kuchita zimenezi.
Chifukwa chiyani kusankha mu Disco Elysium kuli kokakamiza kwambiri kuposa chitsanzo chachinyengo pamwambapa? Mu chitsanzo choyamba, kusankha kwa wosewera mpira kumaphatikizapo "kuwombera". Kupereka kosalephereka ndi "kuwombera" kutanthauziridwa muzochitika. Ku Disco Elysium, mawu akuti "kuwombera" ndi ubale, kotero kusankha kukambirana kungakhale "kuwombera" kutanthauziridwa ngati "kuwombera kwamtsogolo". Zosankha za wosewerayo sizikhalanso ndi zochitika. Pansi pake: kuchitapo kanthu ndi nkhani kumabweretsa tanthauzo.
Kulumikizana ndi mphamvu ya Kuleshov pamlingo wa micro. Zosankha zokambilana zomwe wosewera amalandira zimakhala ndi zakezake, kutengera mawonekedwe amunthu. Zotsatira za Kuleshov sizongoganizira nthawi ino - wosewera mpira amatha kuchitapo kanthu.
Source: www.habr.com