Cli-Fi (nkhani zopeka zanyengo, zochokera ku Sci-Fi, zopeka za sayansi) zidayamba kukambidwa mwatsatanetsatane mu 2007, ngakhale kuti zopeka za sayansi zokhudzana ndi zachilengedwe zidasindikizidwa kale. Cli-Fi ndi gawo losangalatsa kwambiri la zopeka za sayansi, zomwe zimatengera matekinoloje omwe angatheke kapena omwe alipo kale komanso zomwe anthu akwaniritsa mwasayansi zomwe zingawononge miyoyo yathu. Eco-fiction imadzutsa mavuto amalingaliro olekerera amunthu ku chilengedwe ndi anthu ena.
Mukufunsa, kodi ecology ndi wopereka mitambo Cloud4Y amagwirizana bwanji? Chabwino, choyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amtambo kumatha kuchepetsa kutulutsa zinthu zovulaza mumlengalenga. Ndiko kuti, kudera nkhaŵa chilengedwe kulipo. Ndipo kachiwiri, si tchimo kulankhula za mabuku osangalatsa.
Zifukwa za kutchuka kwa Cli-Fi
Zolemba za Cli-Fi ndizodziwika. Mozama, Amazon yemweyo ngakhale wodzipereka kwa iye. Ndipo pali zifukwa za izi.
- Choyamba, mantha. Tikupita ku tsogolo lomwe ndi lovuta kulosera. Ndizovuta chifukwa timadzikopa tokha. Kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide padziko lonse kwafika pamlingo waukulu kwambiri, zaka zinayi zapitazi zakhala zikutentha kwambiri (ngakhale nyengo yachisanu mu Africa yafika 3°C kutentha), matanthwe a m’nyanja akufa, ndipo madzi a m’nyanja akukwera. Nyengo ikusintha, ndipo ichi ndi chizindikiro chakuti zingakhale bwino kuchitapo kanthu kuti zinthu zisinthe. Ndipo kuti mumvetse bwino nkhaniyi ndikudziwa zochitika zomwe zingatheke, mukhoza kuwerenga nthano za sayansi ya nyengo.
- Chachiwiri, kubadwa. Achinyamata akuganizira mozama za kufunika kosamalira chilengedwe. Mawu ake akumveka kwambiri pawailesi yakanema, ndipo izi ndizabwino, ziyenera kuthandizidwa. Ndipo sizokhudza kulola Greta Thunberg yemwe ndi wokonda zachilengedwe kuti alowe m'malo nthawi zambiri, komwe amatha kudzudzula mwamphamvu chilichonse ndi chilichonse. Ndizothandiza kwambiri kuti achinyamata awerenge za polojekiti yotsatira ya Boyan Slat, yomwe imapereka njira zenizeni zotetezera chilengedwe. Atakhudzidwa ndi chidwi chake, achichepere amayamba kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane nkhaniyi, kuwerenga mabuku (kuphatikiza Cli-Fi), ndikumaliza.
- Chachitatu, zamaganizo. Chodabwitsa cha nthano zanyengo ndikuti wolemba sayenera kukokomeza, kujambula tsogolo loyipa. Kuopa chirengedwe ndi kuyembekezera zotsatira zomwe zingatheke chifukwa cha chikoka chowononga pa icho chakhalapo mwa anthu kwa nthawi yaitali kuti ndikwanira kungochotsa pang'ono ndi msomali. Cli-Fi imagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro athu olakwa potipangitsa kufuna kuwerenga zochitika za masoka amtsogolo. Zojambula za post-apocalyptic ndizokwiyitsa pompano, ndipo Cli-Fi imapezerapo mwayi.
Ndi zabwino? Mwina inde. Mabuku otere amatithandiza kukopa chidwi cha anthu pa nkhani ndi mavuto amene iwo sanawaganizire n’komwe. Palibe ziwerengero zowerengera za asayansi zomwe zingakhale zogwira mtima ngati buku labwino. Olembawo amabwera ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana, amapanga maiko odabwitsa, koma funso lofunika ndilofanana: "Kodi chikuyembekezera chiyani m'tsogolomu ngati sitipeza mphamvu zofooketsa chikoka chathu chowononga padziko lapansi?"
Ndi mabuku ati omwe tiyenera kusamala nawo? Tsopano tikuwuzani.
Zoti muwerenge
Trilogy Margaret Atwood ("Oryx ndi Crake" - "Chaka cha Chigumula" - "Mad Addam"). Wolemba amatiwonetsa moyo wapadziko lapansi pambuyo pa imfa ya chilengedwe. Wowerenga akudzipeza ali m'dziko lachiwonongeko, momwe zimawoneka kuti ndi munthu mmodzi yekha amene watsala wamoyo, akuvutika kuti apulumuke. Nkhani yomwe Atwood akunena ndi yowona, yowopsa komanso yophunzitsa. Pamene nkhaniyo ikupita patsogolo, woŵerenga angaone tsatanetsatane wosonyeza zinthu zenizeni zamakono—kuipiraipira kwa malo, katangale wa ndale, umbombo wa mabungwe ndi kusawona kwachifupi kwa anthu wamba. Izi ndi zitsanzo chabe za mmene mbiri ya anthu ingathere. Koma malangizo awa ndi owopsa.
Lauren Groff ndi nkhani zake zazifupi, Florida, ndizoyeneranso kuziganizira. Bukhuli mwakachetechete, limakhudza pang'onopang'ono mutu wa chilengedwe, ndipo lingaliro la kufunika kosamalira chilengedwe limabwera pokhapokha mutawerenga nkhani zovuta komanso zosokoneza za njoka, mikuntho ndi ana.
Novel yolembedwa ndi wolemba waku America Barbara Kingsolver Flight Behaviour imapangitsa owerenga kumva chisoni ndi nkhani ya momwe kutentha kwa dziko kumakhudzira agulugufe a monarch. Ngakhale kuti bukuli likuwoneka kuti likunena za zovuta zomwe zimadziwika bwino m'banja komanso m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
"Mpeni Wamadzi" Paolo Bacigalupi akuwonetsa dziko lomwe kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwanyengo padziko lonse kwapangitsa madzi kukhala chinthu chotentha kwambiri. Kusoŵa kwa madzi kukukakamiza andale ena kuti ayambe kusewera, kugawanitsa madera. Magulu ampatuko akulemera kwambiri, ndipo mtolankhani wachichepere komanso wokonda kwambiri akuyang'ana zovuta makamaka m'malo ofewa, akuyesera kumvetsetsa njira yogawa madzi.
Bukuli lili ndi malingaliro ofanana. Eric Brown "Phoenix Sentinels" Chilengedwe chabwereranso pa umunthu. Padziko lapansi pali kuuma kwakukulu. Ochepa opulumuka amamenyera magwero a madzi. Gulu laling'ono limapita ku Africa ndi chiyembekezo chopeza gwero loterolo. Kodi kusaka kwawo kudzapambana ndipo njirayo iwaphunzitse chiyani? Yankho mudzapeza m’buku.
Popeza tikukamba za msewu, ndikufuna kutchulanso buku lomwe linandikhudza kwambiri. Imatchedwa "Msewu", wolemba ndi Cormac McCarthy. Izi siziri ndendende Cli-Fi, ngakhale tsoka lachilengedwe ndi mavuto ake omwe ali nawo alipo. Atate ndi mwana amapita kunyanja. Amapita kuti akapulumuke. Simungakhulupirire aliyense, anthu opulumukawo ndi okwiya kwambiri. Koma pali chiyembekezo chakuti khalidwe labwino ndi kuona mtima zidakalipo. Mukungofunika kuwapeza. Kodi zigwira ntchito?
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa momwe masoka achilengedwe angabweretsere nkhani zamagulu ndi mtundu, ndiye kuti mutha kuwerenga buku la wolemba waku Dominican. Rita Indiana "Tentacles" Osati buku losavuta, komanso lololera nthawi zina (ngati kuli kanthu, ndakuchenjezani inu) limafotokoza za posachedwapa, pamene mdzakazi wamng'ono adzipeza yekha pakati pa ulosi: yekha ndi amene angayende kudutsa nthawi ndikupulumutsa nyanja ndi anthu ku tsoka. Koma choyamba ayenera kukhala munthu amene wakhala - mothandizidwa ndi anemone wopatulika. Pafupi ndi mzimu wa bukuli ndi filimu yayifupi "» Syed Clark, momwe, chifukwa cha kubadwa kotetezeka kwa mwana wake, mnyamata amapereka nsembe ... khungu lake.
"Odds Against Tomorrow" Nathaniel Rich fotokozani moyo wa katswiri wachichepere yemwe wakhazikika mu masamu a masoka. Amawerengera zochitika zoyipa kwambiri za kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, masewera ankhondo, komanso masoka achilengedwe. Zochitika zake ndizolondola kwambiri komanso zatsatanetsatane, chifukwa chake zimagulitsidwa pamtengo wokwera kumakampani, chifukwa amatha kuwateteza ku masoka amtsogolo. Tsiku lina adamva kuti vuto lalikulu kwambiri latsala pang'ono kugonjetsa Manhattan. Mnyamatayo amazindikira kuti akhoza kulemera chifukwa cha chidziwitso chimenechi. Koma kodi chuma chimenechi adzapeza pamtengo wotani?
Kim Stanley Robinson nthawi zina amatchedwa katswiri wanthano za sayansi yemwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Mndandanda wake wa mabuku atatu odziimira okha otchedwa "Capital Science" akugwirizana ndi vuto la masoka achilengedwe ndi kutentha kwa dziko lapansi. Zomwe zikuchitika posachedwapa, pamene kutentha kwa dziko kumayambitsa kusungunuka kwakukulu kwa ayezi ndi kusintha kwa Gulf Stream, zomwe zikuwopseza kuyambika kwa Ice Age yatsopano. Anthu ena akumenyera tsogolo la umunthu, koma pali ambiri omwe, ngakhale pamphepete mwa kugwa kwa chitukuko, amangoganizira za ndalama ndi mphamvu.
Wolembayo akufotokoza momwe kusintha khalidwe la anthu kungakhalire njira yothetsera vuto la nyengo. Malingaliro ofananawo amabwera mu ntchito yaposachedwa komanso yotchuka ya Robinson: New York 2140. Anthu kuno amakhala moyo wamba, m'mikhalidwe yachilendo. Kupatula apo, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, mzindawu unali pafupifupi pansi pamadzi. Nyumba iliyonse yosanja yasanduka chilumba, ndipo anthu amakhala pamwamba pa nyumbazi. Chaka cha 2140 sichinasankhidwe mwangozi. Asayansi amalosera kuti m’nthawi imeneyi nyanja zidzakwera kwambiri moti mizinda yambiri idzasefukira.
Whitley Strieber (nthawi zina amatchedwanso wamisala, koma pazifukwa zina: akunena motsimikiza kuti adabedwa ndi alendo) m'buku la "The Coming Global Superstorm" likuwonetsa dziko lapansi pambuyo pa kuzizira. Kusungunuka kwakukulu kwa madzi oundana kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa World Ocean sikuchuluke, koma, m'malo mwake, kumachepa kwambiri. Nyengo yapadziko lapansi yayamba kusintha. Masoka a nyengo amatsatira pambuyo pa mzake, ndipo kupulumuka kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Mwa njira, filimuyo "Tsiku Pambuyo Mawa" idapangidwa kuchokera m'bukuli.
Mabuku onse amene ali pamwambawa ndi amakono kapena amakono. Ngati mukufuna zolemba zambiri zakale, ndikupangira kuyang'ana kwa wolemba waku Britain James Graham Ballard ndi buku lake lakuti The Wind from Nowhere. Nkhani yeniyeni ya Cli-Fi yokhudza momwe chitukuko chikuwonongeka chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho yosalekeza. Ngati mukufuna, palinso ena otsatila: "The Drowned World", yomwe imafotokoza za kusungunuka kwa ayezi pamitengo ya Dziko lapansi ndikukwera kwa nyanja, komanso "The Burnt World", komwe kumayang'anira malo owuma. , zomwe zinapangidwa chifukwa cha kuipitsa kwa mafakitale komwe kumasokoneza kayendedwe ka mvula.
Ndizotheka kuti mwapezanso mabuku a Cli-Fi omwe mudawasangalatsa. Gawani nawo ndemanga?
Ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe mungawerenge pabulogu?
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Source: www.habr.com