Kuchokera kuchiza kuvutika maganizo mpaka kuchepetsa zotsatira za matenda a Parkinson ndi kudzutsa odwala mu vegetative state, magetsi ubongo kukondoweza ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu. Kafukufuku wina watsopano akufuna kubweza kuchepa kwa chidziwitso mwa kukonza kukumbukira ndi luso la kuphunzira. Kuyesera kochitidwa ndi ofufuza a ku yunivesite ya Boston kunasonyeza njira yosasokoneza yomwe ingabwezeretse kukumbukira ntchito kwa achikulire omwe ali ndi zaka za m'ma 70 mpaka kuti inali yabwino ngati ya anthu a zaka za m'ma 20.
Maphunziro ambiri olimbikitsa ubongo amagwiritsira ntchito maelekitirodi oikidwa m'madera ena a ubongo kuti apereke mphamvu zamagetsi. Njirayi imatchedwa "deep" kapena "direct" ubongo kukondoweza ndipo ili ndi ubwino wake chifukwa cha malo enieni a zotsatira zake. Komabe, kulowetsa maelekitirodi muubongo sikungatheke, ndipo kumangogwirizana ndi zoopsa zina za kutupa kapena matenda ngati njira zonse zogwirira ntchito sizitsatiridwa.
Njira ina ndiyo kukondoweza kwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosasokoneza (yopanda opaleshoni) kudzera mu maelekitirodi omwe ali pamutu, zomwe zimalola kuti zikhale zosavuta ngakhale kunyumba. Imeneyi ndi njira imene Rob Reinhart, katswiri wa zamaganizo pa yunivesite ya Boston, anaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito pofuna kuwongolera kukumbukira anthu okalamba, omwe amayamba kufooka akamakalamba.
Mwachindunji, kuyesa kwake kunangoyang'ana kwambiri pa kukumbukira ntchito, komwe ndi mtundu wa kukumbukira komwe kumayambitsidwa, mwachitsanzo, tikakumbukira zomwe tingagule ku golosale kapena kuyesa kupeza makiyi agalimoto athu. Malinga ndi Reinhart, kukumbukira kugwira ntchito kumatha kuyamba kuchepa atangokwanitsa zaka 30 pomwe mbali zosiyanasiyana zaubongo zimayamba kutaya kulumikizana kwawo komanso kusalumikizana. Tikafika zaka 60 kapena 70, kusagwirizana kumeneku kungayambitse kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chidziwitso.
Wasayansi wapeza njira yobwezeretsera kulumikizana komwe kunawonongeka. Njirayi imachokera pazinthu ziwiri za ubongo. Choyamba ndi "kulumikiza," kumene mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo zimayendetsedwa motsatizana, monga gulu loimba lokonzedwa bwino. Yachiwiri ndi "malumikizidwe," pomwe nyimbo zocheperako zomwe zimadziwika kuti theta rhythms komanso zogwirizana ndi hippocampus zimalumikizidwa bwino. Ntchito zonsezi zimachepa ndi zaka ndipo zimakhudza kukumbukira kukumbukira.
Pakuyesa kwake, Reinhart adalemba gulu la achinyamata azaka za m'ma 20, komanso gulu la achikulire omwe ali ndi zaka za m'ma 60 ndi 70. Gulu lililonse linkayenera kumaliza ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimene zinkakhudza kuona chithunzi, kupuma pangβono, kuyangβana chithunzi chachiwiri, kenako nβkugwiritsa ntchito pamtima kuzindikira kusiyana kwa zinthuzo.
Nzosadabwitsa kuti gulu laling'ono loyesera linachita bwino kwambiri kuposa wamkulu. Koma Reinhart adagwiritsa ntchito mphindi 25 zokondoweza pang'onopang'ono ku cerebral cortex ya achikulire, ndi ma pulses omwe amawongoleredwa kudera la neural la wodwala aliyense kuti agwirizane ndi dera la cortex lomwe limagwira ntchito kukumbukira. Zitatha izi, maguluwo adapitilizabe kumaliza ntchitozo, ndipo kusiyana pakulondola kwantchito pakati pawo kudasowa. Zotsatira zake zidakhala kwa mphindi zosachepera 50 mutatha kukondoweza. Kuphatikiza apo, Reinhart adapeza kuti imatha kuwongolera kukumbukira ngakhale mwa achinyamata omwe sanachite bwino pantchitozo.
Reinhart anati: βTinapeza kuti ophunzira azaka za mβma 20 amene anali ndi vuto lomaliza ntchitozo ankapindulanso chimodzimodzi. "Tinatha kuwongolera kukumbukira kwawo pantchito ngakhale anali asanakwanitse zaka 60 kapena 70."
Reinhart akuyembekeza kupitiliza kuphunzira momwe kukondoweza kwaubongo kungathandizire kuti ubongo wamunthu ugwire ntchito, makamaka kwa omwe akudwala matenda a Alzheimer's.
"Izi zimatsegula mwayi watsopano wa kafukufuku ndi chithandizo," akutero. "Ndipo ndife okondwa kwambiri nazo."
Phunzirolo linasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya Nature Neuroscience.
Source: 3dnews.ru