Mβnkhani yapita ija tinakambirana . Lero tidaganiza zoyang'ana kwambiri mawonekedwe a FictionBook2, omwe amadziwika kuti FB2, ndi "m'malo" wake FB3.
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Mawonekedwe a fomu
M'ma 90s, okonda kupanga digito mabuku Soviet. Iwo ankamasulira ndi kusunga mabuku mβnjira zosiyanasiyana. Imodzi mwa malaibulale oyambirira ku Runet - - adagwiritsa ntchito fayilo yolembedwa (TXT).
Chisankhocho chinapangidwa m'malo mwake chifukwa chokana ziphuphu ndi kusinthasintha - TXT imatsegula pa makina aliwonse ogwiritsira ntchito. Komabe, iye kukonza zolemba zomwe zasungidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kuti asamukire ku mzere wa chikwi, mizere 999 yowatsogolera inayenera kukonzedwa. Mabuku nawonso m'malemba a Mawu ndi PDF - chomalizacho chinali chovuta kusinthira kumitundu ina, ndipo makompyuta ofooka adatsegulidwa ndi Zolemba za PDF zochedwa.
HTML idagwiritsidwanso ntchito "kusunga" mabuku apakompyuta. Zinapangitsa kuti kulondolera, kutembenuzidwa ku mitundu ina, ndi kupanga zolemba (malemba olemba) kukhala kosavuta, koma zinayambitsa zofooka zake. Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri chinali "Β» muyezo: zimalola ufulu wina polemba ma tag. Ena amayenera kutsekedwa, ena (mwachitsanzo, ) - panalibe chifukwa chotseka. Ma tagwo amatha kukhala ndi zisa zachisawawa.
Ndipo ngakhale kuti ntchito yotereyi ndi mafayilo sanalimbikitse - zolemba zoterezi zinkaonedwa kuti ndizolakwika - muyeso wofunikira kuti owerenga ayese kusonyeza zomwe zili. Apa ndi pamene zovuta zinayamba, chifukwa pa ntchito iliyonse ndondomeko ya "kulingalira" inkagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira yakeyake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zipangizo zowerengera ndi ntchito zomwe zilipo pamsika panthawiyo imodzi kapena ziwiri zapadera akamagwiritsa. Ngati buku linali lamtundu umodzi, linkafunika kulisinthanso kuti liwerengedwe. Cholinga chake chinali kuthetsa zofooka zonsezi , kapena FB2, yomwe idatenga "kuphatikiza" koyambirira kwa mawu ndikusintha.
Dziwani kuti mtunduwo unali ndi mtundu wake woyamba - - komabe, zinali zongoyesera m'chilengedwe, sizinatenge nthawi yayitali, sizikuthandizidwa ndipo sizigwirizana m'mbuyo. Chifukwa chake, FictionBook nthawi zambiri imatanthawuza "wolowa m'malo" wake - mtundu wa FB2.
FB2 idapangidwa ndi gulu la opanga motsogozedwa ndi , yemwe ndi wotsogolera luso la kampani ya malita, ndi Mikhail Matsnev, mlengi wa Haali Reader. Mawonekedwewa amachokera pa XML, yomwe imayang'anira ntchito yokhala ndi ma tag osatsekedwa komanso osakhazikika mosamalitsa kuposa HTML. Chikalata cha XML chikuphatikizidwa ndi chotchedwa XML Schema. XML schema ndi fayilo yapadera yomwe ili ndi ma tag onse ndikufotokozera malamulo oti agwiritse ntchito (kutsatizana, zisa, zovomerezeka ndi zosankha, etc.). Mu FictionBook, chithunzicho chili mu fayilo FictionBook2.xsd. Chitsanzo cha XML schema chingapezeke pa (amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sitolo ya e-book ya malita).
FB2 mawonekedwe a zikalata
Lembani mu chikalata m'ma tag apadera - zinthu zamitundu yandime: , Ndipo . Palinso chinthu , yomwe ilibe zinthu ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika mipata.
Zolemba zonse zimayamba ndi tag ya mizu , pansipa zomwe zingawonekere , , Ndipo .
Tagi ili ndi mapepala owongolera kusinthika kukhala mawonekedwe ena. MU bodza encoded ntchito deta yomwe ingafunike kuti ipereke chikalatacho.
Chinthu lili ndi zofunikira zonse za bukhuli: mtundu wa ntchito, mndandanda wa olemba (dzina lonse, imelo adilesi ndi webusaitiyi), mutu, chipika ndi mawu osakira, ndemanga. Itha kukhalanso ndi chidziwitso chokhudza kusintha komwe kwachitika pa chikalatacho komanso zambiri za wosindikiza bukulo ngati lidasindikizidwa pamapepala.
Izi ndi zomwe gawo la block limawoneka mu FictionBook kulowa kwa "A Study in Scarlet" yolembedwa ndi Arthur Conan Doyle, yotengedwa kuchokera :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<FictionBook
>
<description>
<title-info>
<genre match="100">detective</genre>
<author>
<first-name>Arthur</first-name>
<middle-name>Conan</middle-name>
<last-name>Doyle</last-name>
</author>
<book-title>A Study in Scarlet</book-title>
<annotation>
</annotation>
<date value="1887-01-01">1887</date>
</title-info>
</description>
Chigawo chachikulu cha chikalata cha FictionBook ndi . Lili ndi mawu a mβbuku lenilenilo. Pakhoza kukhala ma tag angapo muzolemba zonse - midadada yowonjezera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga mawu apansi, ndemanga ndi zolemba.
FictionBook imaperekanso ma tag angapo ogwirira ntchito ndi ma hyperlink. Iwo amatengera kukhazikika , yopangidwa ndi consortium makamaka popanga maulalo pakati pazinthu zosiyanasiyana muzolemba za XML.
Ubwino wa mawonekedwe
Muyezo wa FB2 umaphatikizapo ma tag ochepa ofunikira (okwanira "kupanga" zopeka), zomwe zimathandizira kukonzedwa kwake ndi owerenga. Komanso, pakuchita mwachindunji kwa owerenga ndi mawonekedwe a FB, wogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi mwayi wosintha pafupifupi magawo onse owonetsera.
Mapangidwe okhwima a chikalatacho amakulolani kuti musinthe njira yosinthira kuchokera ku mtundu wa FB kupita ku ina iliyonse. Mapangidwe omwewo amachititsa kuti azitha kugwira ntchito ndi zinthu zaumwini za zolemba - kukhazikitsa zosefera ndi olemba mabuku, mutu, mtundu, ndi zina zotero. m'mayiko a CIS.
Kuipa kwa mawonekedwe
Kuphweka kwa mtundu wa FB2 ndi mwayi wake komanso zovuta zake nthawi imodzi. Izi zimachepetsa magwiridwe antchito a masanjidwe ovuta a mawu (mwachitsanzo, zolemba m'mphepete). Ilibe zithunzi za vector kapena zothandizira pamndandanda wamawerengero. Pachifukwa ichi, fomu kwa mabuku, mabuku ofotokozera ndi zolemba zamakono (dzina la mtunduwo limalankhulanso za buku lopeka, kapena "buku lopeka").
Nthawi yomweyo, kuti muwonetse zidziwitso zochepa za bukuli - mutu, wolemba ndi chivundikiro - pulogalamuyi imayenera kukonza pafupifupi chikalata chonse cha XML. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti metadata imabwera kumayambiriro kwa zolemba ndipo zithunzi zimabwera kumapeto.
FB3 - kukula kwa mawonekedwe
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zofunikira pakukonza zolemba zamabuku (komanso kuti achepetse zolakwika zina za FB2), Gribov adayamba kugwira ntchito pamtundu wa FB3. Chitukuko pambuyo pake chinasiya, koma mu 2014 chinali .
Malinga ndi olembawo, adaphunzira zofunikira zenizeni posindikiza mabuku aukadaulo, adayang'ana mabuku, mabuku ofotokozera, zolemba zamanja ndikuwonetsa ma tag enieni omwe angalole kuti buku lililonse liwonetsedwe.
M'mawu atsopano, mawonekedwe a FictionBook ndi zip archive momwe metadata, zithunzi ndi zolemba zimasungidwa ngati mafayilo osiyana. Zofunikira pamtundu wa fayilo ya zip ndi misonkhano ya bungwe lake zimatchulidwa muyeso , zomwe zimatanthauzira Open XML.
Zosintha zingapo zidapangidwa zokhudzana ndi masanjidwe (mipata, kuyika pansi) ndipo chinthu chatsopano chidawonjezedwa - "block" - yomwe imapanga kachidutswa kakang'ono ka bukhu ngati mawonekedwe a quadrangle ndipo imatha kuphatikizidwa m'mawu ndi wraparound. Panopa pali chithandizo cha mindandanda yowerengeka komanso yokhala ndi zipolopolo.
FB3 imagawidwa pansi pa chilolezo chaulere ndipo ndi gwero lotseguka, kotero zonse zothandizira zimapezeka kwa osindikiza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito: otembenuza, osintha mitambo, owerenga. Panopa mawonekedwe, ΠΈ zitha kupezeka m'malo osungiramo GitHub.
Nthawi zambiri, FictionBook3 ikadali yofala kwambiri kuposa mchimwene wake wamkulu, koma malaibulale angapo apakompyuta amapereka kale mabuku amtunduwu. Ndipo malita zaka zingapo zapitazo adalengeza cholinga chawo chosinthira kalozera wawo wonse kukhala mtundu watsopano. Owerenga ena amathandizira kale magwiridwe antchito onse a FB3. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yonse yamakono ya owerenga ONYX imatha kugwira ntchito ndi mtundu uwu kunja kwa bokosi, mwachitsanzo, kapena .
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Kugawa kwakukulu kwa FictionBook3 kudzapanga chilengedwe kuti agwiritse ntchito mokwanira komanso mogwira mtima ndi malemba pa chipangizo chilichonse chokhala ndi zinthu zochepa: zowonetsera zakuda ndi zoyera kapena zazing'ono, kukumbukira pang'ono, ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi omwe akutukula, bukhu kamodzi litayikidwa lidzakhala losavuta momwe zingathere mu chilengedwe chilichonse.
PS Tikukubweretserani ndemanga zingapo za owerenga ONYX BOOX:
Source: www.habr.com