Katemera ndi njira yowonetsera chitetezo chamthupi siginecha ya chiwopsezo chomwe, pamaphunziro angapo, chitetezo chamthupi chimapangidwa.
Kulimbana ndi thupi lililonse polimbana ndi matenda opatsirana ndikuyesa kuzindikira chizindikiro cha chiwopsezocho ndikupanga njira zotsutsana nazo. Kawirikawiri, njirayi ikuchitika mpaka zotsatira zonse zitakwaniritsidwa, ndiye kuti, mpaka kuchira. Komabe, pakhoza kukhala matenda omwe:
- Amapha wolandirayo mwachangu kuposa momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chingapangidwire.
- Amasintha mofulumira kuposa momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimatha "kuzindikira" tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Amabisala ndi kubisala m'malo omwe ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Choncho, nthawi zina ndi bwino kukonzekera masewera olimbitsa thupi pasadakhale. Awa ndi katemera. Munthu wamkulu wokhala mumzinda amapatsidwa katemera wa matenda oopsa kwambiri ali mwana. Pakuphulika kwa matenda kapena pamene munthu aikidwa pamalo owopsa, ndizomveka kupeza katemera wodzitetezera. Kuyenda ndi imodzi mwazochitika izi.
Tiyeni tiyang'ane kaye ndi pulogalamu yamaphunziro, kenako pitilizani ulendo ndi mndandanda wa zochita.
Nβchifukwa chiyani kuyenda kuli koopsa?
Tiyerekeze kuti mukuwulukira ku Africa. Pali chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha yellow fever kumeneko. Katemera wosavuta adzakutengerani pafupifupi ma ruble 1 kuphatikiza nthawi ya wochiritsa ndi ntchito zachipinda chothandizira, katemera wapamwamba kwambiri adzakutengerani ma ruble 500. Ndikosatheka kuchiza yellow fever ndi mankhwala apadera (ndiko kuti, mutha kukhalabe ndi zinthu zakuthupi pokhapokha mutathana nazo zokha), n'zosavuta kudwala, chiwopsezo cha kufa ndi pafupifupi 3%, vekitala yayikulu ndi udzudzu. Katemera alibe zotsatira zoyipa. Kodi katemera ndiwofunika? Mwina inde. Koma zili ndi inu.
Choncho, kuyenda ndi pamene simuli pamalo omwe chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimazolowera. Pambuyo pa kuthawa komanso chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa ndi zikwi zambiri za zinthu zatsopano zakunja, chisokonezo chaching'ono chimayamba kulamulira chitetezo cha thupi, ndipo mumakhala osagwirizana kwambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, malo atsopano amatha kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe sizipezeka komwe mumakhala nthawi zambiri.
Zosiyana nazonso ndizowona: mutha kukhala chonyamulira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe sizipezeka m'malo omwe muli. Ndiyeno anthu okhala mβderalo adzakhala opanda mwayi.
Kodi katemera amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Pali mitundu 4 ikuluikulu:
- Mutha kusankha mtundu wofooka wa zovuta za pathogenic, zomwe zimafanana ndi nkhondo yeniyeni, koma siziwopsyeza thupi lathanzi. Awa ndi katemera wa nkhuku, fuluwenza, yellow fever, ndi zina zotero. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yophunzirira: "kuphunzitsa adani" amachita motsutsana ndi chitetezo chamthupi.
- Mutha kuyambitsa ma virus ndi mabakiteriya (mwachitsanzo, powayika pamalo a formaldehyde) ndikuwonetsa mitembo yawo ku thupi. Zitsanzo ndi matenda a chiwindi A, zilonda zam'mimba. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimapeza mitembo ya adani kwinakwake m'thupi ndipo imayamba kudziphunzitsa kuti iwaphe mobwerezabwereza, chifukwa izi ndi "buzz" pazifukwa. Pamene zovuta zodziwika bwino zimalowa m'thupi, zidzadziwikiratu zoyenera kuchita nazo mwachizoloΕ΅ezi, ndiyeno chitetezo cha mthupi chidzasankhidwa mofulumira kwambiri malinga ndi zomwe zinapezedwa kale.
- Mutha kuyambitsa toxoids (zofooka kapena zosinthidwa zapoizoni zazing'ono) - ndiye kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chimaphunzira kulimbana ndi zotsatira za mabakiteriya, zomwe zimapatsa nthawi yochulukirapo kuti apange njira zothana ndi matenda. Zikuoneka kuti zizindikiro za matendawa sizimakukhudzani, ndipo thupi limachita modekha komanso mwakachetechete ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo simukudziwa kuti analipo. Izi, mwachitsanzo, kafumbata.
- Chilichonse chatsopano chomwe chili m'gulu la "high-tech" ndi ma modifiers a gene complexes (kotero kuti mapuloteni ena, kuwonjezera pa ntchito yaikulu, amadulanso DNA ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mwachitsanzo), katemera wa maselo (pamene thupi limaperekedwa. , kwenikweni, ndi siginecha ya DNA/RNA mu mawonekedwe ake oyera) ndi zina. Zitsanzo za katemera wa maselo ndi hepatitis B (kachilombo kakang'ono kopanda pakati), papillomavirus yaumunthu ndi meningococcus.
Chonde dziwani kuti palibe kugwirizana kwachindunji pakati pa mtundu wa katemera ndi zotsatira zake. Mutha kuganiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingakhale owopsa kuposa katemera wa maselo, koma izi sizowona. Katemera yemweyo wa yellow fever amaonedwa kuti ndi wotetezeka kwambiri: mwayi wa zotsatirapo ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa ndi zolakwika za chiwerengero cha njira zoyezera.
Zotsatira zake ndi zotani?
Chochitika chofala kwambiri ndi ziwengo. Mwachitsanzo, katemera wa hepatitis B atha kukulitsa kusagwirizana ndi mtanda wa yisiti. Palinso machitidwe ovuta kwambiri, koma kawirikawiri onse amatha kusintha. Ziwerengero zosamala zimaphatikizidwa pazotsatira zosasinthika (zowopsa), ndipo katemera saloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiwopsezo cha munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda omwe ali ndi mwayi woti atenge kachilombo, kusamutsidwa, kuchiritsidwa, ndi zina zotero ndizochepa kuposa chiopsezo cha zovuta. . Mwachidule, nthawi zonse zimakhala zomveka kugwiritsa ntchito katemera pamene akulimbikitsidwa m'deralo.
Zambiri mwazotsatirazi ndi chifukwa chakuti mukutulutsa kachilombo kofooka, poizoni, zinyalala zamagulu ndi zinthu zina zakunja m'thupi. Kuti muphunzitse chitetezo cha mthupi kumenyana, choyamba muyenera kuchimenya pang'ono. Adzayankha, ndipo mipando ingavutikenso. Koma ndi gawo lofunikira la maphunziro a chitetezo.
Kodi katemera amagwira ntchito pa mtundu umodzi wokha?
Osati kwenikweni. Apa kuyerekeza ndi kusanthula siginecha kuli kolakwika. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimamanga china chake ngati hashi yamalingaliro. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mutalandira katemera wina wa chimfine, ndiye kuti ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, chitetezo cha mthupi chidzapangidwa mofulumira. Ndiko kuti, pali chiopsezo chochepa cha zovuta, zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri.
Vuto la chimfine limawoneka ngati mpira wokhala ndi ma glycoprotein apamwamba komanso mapuloteni otulukamo. Zofunika kwambiri (hemagglutinin ndi neuraminidase) zimatchulidwa m'dzina la mtundu ngati H1N1. Chimfine chimatha kusintha puloteni imodzi ndikusintha kukhala H2N1. Ndiye mwangozi udzakhala wa tsankho ndipo thupi limangochita mochepa kwambiri. Ndipo "kusintha" kumatha kuchitika pamene mapuloteni onse amasintha, mwachitsanzo, mu H2N3. Ndiye muyenera kuzindikira kuopseza pafupifupi kuyambira pachiyambi.
Chonde dziwani kuti izi zikutanthauza masitampu ofanana a matenda omwewo. Pankhani ya meningitis, mwachitsanzo, tikukamba za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, ndipo katemera wosiyana amakutetezani kumagulu osiyanasiyana a meningococci. Ndipo meningitis yokha ingayambidwe ndi mazana a zifukwa zina.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti, katemerayu ali ndi mtundu umodzi kapena zingapo za mtundu wofala kwambiri wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zimathandizira kukulitsa kukana kwa iwo ndi mitundu yawo yapafupi, ndikufulumizitsa nthawi yoyankha kumitundu yawo yakutali pang'ono.
Zoyenera kuchita ulendo usanachitike?
Chinthu choyamba ndikuyang'ana malingaliro a dziko kuchokera kwa woyendera alendo kapena kwina kulikonse musanagule tikiti. Si memo yomwe bungwe loyendera lingakupatseni lomwe lili loyenera, koma malingaliro aposachedwa a World Health Organisation. Ndizomvekanso kuyang'ana lipoti la dzikolo kuchokera ku WHO yomweyi: ikuwonetsa kufalikira kwaposachedwa kwa matenda ndi zotsatira zake. Yang'anani zolepheretsa zachitetezo chachilengedwe cha dziko lomwe mukufuna. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi ndege yolumikizira ku Africa, mungafunike kulandira katemera wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opita ku eyapoti.
Nthawi zina, simungaloledwe kulowa m'maiko ena opanda chikalata chotemera - izi ziyenera kufufuzidwa pasadakhale. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala kufunikira kwa visa kapena momwe mliri uliri pano.
Njira ina ndiyo kupita kwa dokotala ndikukambirana naye. Ndibwino kuti musapite kwa dokotala wapafupi, koma kwa katswiri wa matenda opatsirana kuchipatala kumene odwala amabweretsedwa kuchokera ku ndege. Malingaliro ake adzakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi magwero omwewo, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo adzawatanthauzira molondola ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito ku chikhalidwe chanu, poganizira za anamnesis omwe anasonkhanitsidwa. Pali akatswiri a katemera asanayende ku Moscow, mwachitsanzo, ku Martsinovsky Institute.
Chifukwa chake, mwalandira mndandanda wa katemera wovomerezeka komanso wofunikira. Ndiye zili ndi inu kuti musankhe kutsatira malangizowo kapena ayi. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kusankha kuti ngati simukuwona nyama panjira, ndiye kuti simukuyenera kulandira katemera wa chiwewe. Ufulu wanu. Koma ndikukumbutsani: WHO imapanga malingaliro kwa apaulendo kutengera ziwerengero. Ndipo ngati limanena zoyenera kuchita, ndi bwino kuzichita.
Ndibwera masiku angapo ulendo usanachitike, "kudzuka", ndipo zonse zikhala bwino?
No.
Choyamba, nthawi yakukula kwa ma antibody imayambira masiku angapo mpaka masabata 3-4 (awa ndiye seti yoyamba, mwinanso yochulukirapo).
Kachiwiri, katemera wina amaperekedwa m'maphunziro a 2-3.
Chachitatu, si katemera onse omwe amaphatikizidwa wina ndi mzake, ndiko kuti, sizingatheke kubaya aliyense nthawi imodzi.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kulandira katemera kutatsala milungu itatu ulendo wanu usanachitike ngati mukufuna zina zatsopano m'thupi lanu, komanso miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pasadakhale ngati uwu ndi ulendo wanu woyamba kudziko lotentha.
Nayi tsamba laupangiri la WHO la (palibe malo owopsa panjira):
Ndikwabwino kuyang'ana katemera ku gawo la kazembe wa Unduna wa Zachilendo. Mndandanda wathunthu Pano. Kumeneko mungathe kuonanso mbali zina za dziko.
Mwachitsanzo, apa chifukwa Ndikufuna katemera wa kolera.
Nayi ina
Ndiye, kodi tiyenera kudziteteza ku zonsezi ku Russia?
Inde. Samalani zolemba ndi ma vector. Ngati mulibe katemera ku Japan encephalitis ku Moscow, ndiye kuti zili bwino. Malo opezeka kwambiri achilengedwe ali ku Vladivostok, osati chaka chilichonse. Koma ngati mukupita ku Vladivostok, muyenera kuganizira. M'zochita, zambiri za Russian Federation pa webusaiti ya WHO sizolondola kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri deta imaperekedwa kudziko lomwe lili ndi biomes imodzi kapena ziwiri. Tili ndi dziko lathanzi kwambiri, kotero kuti malo a Baikal adzakhala osiyana ndi a Krasnodar kapena Arkhangelsk.
Zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti mupulumuke ku Russia zimadalira mtundu wa zokopa alendo. Ngati mukupita kukakhala pakati pa Moscow, ndiye kuti ndikwanira kulandira katemera wa chimfine ndi "kutsitsimutsa" katemera wanu waubwana pa nthawi yake. Ngati mukupita ku taiga kapena kupita ku kayaking, ndiye kuti mukufunika katemera wa encephalitis wofalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Ngati mukhala nthawi yambiri ndi nyama kapena kupita kumapanga - kuchokera ku matenda a chiwewe (mileme amanyamula). Chabwino, ngati mukupita kumwera kapena kumudzi wopanda ngalande, ndiye kuchokera ku matenda a chiwindi A. Chabwino, za matenda a chiwindi B n'kothandiza ngati chithandizo ku chipatala outpatient kumidzi, kudula mu salon misomali, mano pamodzi. njira, kapena kuikidwa magazi mwadzidzidzi. Anagwa, anapunthwa, anadzuka - hepatitis B.
Kodi katemera amakhala mpaka kalekale?
Ayi. Ena amakulolani kuti mukhale ndi chitetezo chokwanira, ena amatha nthawi yaitali (mwachitsanzo, diphtheria - zaka 10), ena amakhala ndi moyo waufupi (Japan encephalitis - kwa chaka chimodzi). Ndiye mphamvu ya ma antibodies ndi kupanga kwawo kumachepa pang'onopang'ono.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndibwino kuyamba ndikusintha zomwe mwaphonya, ndikuwonjezera zinthu "zokhalitsa", kenako kulandira katemera musanapite maulendo oopsa.
Ndiye tiyenera kuchita chiyani?
Yambani pomwe pano ndi pano pokonzanso nkhokwe zanu za anti-virus. Makamaka, yang'anani katemera wanu wonse wa ana. Pitani kwa dokotala ndikumufunsani kuti akuuzeni katemera omwe mukusowa.
Nthawi zambiri, muyenera kusintha kafumbata (ichi ndi gulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda atatu mu katemera mmodzi) - izi zimachitika kamodzi pazaka 10 zilizonse. Mwinanso, katemera wina waubwana wanu watha.
Mwa njira, kuyang'ana zotsatira za katemera ndikosavuta: nthawi zambiri, mutha kuyesa ma antibodies enieni ndikuwona ngati chitetezo chikugwirabe ntchito. Dokotala yekha ndi amene ayenera kupereka mayeso, chifukwa pali ma antibodies "akali pano", ndipo pali "atali". Mukuchita chidwi ndi zomalizazi.
Kenako onjezani katemera waukadaulo. Kawirikawiri izi ndi matenda a chiwindi A ndi B, papillomavirus yaumunthu.
Ngati mumakonda kupita kumadera ena (kapena mukutsimikiza kuti mudzakhalako zaka zikubwerazi), yang'anani katemera wanthawi yayitali monga yellow fever ndi typhoid fever.
Ndipo pokhapo tsatirani malingaliro a WHO, Unduna wa Zachilendo kapena dokotala musanayende.
Ndi chiyani chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kwa wamkulu kuchokera pagululi?
- Chifuwa, diphtheria ndi kafumbata - sinthani kamodzi pazaka 10 zilizonse kwa wamkulu. Zothandiza ku Russia komanso kulikonse padziko lapansi.
- Hepatitis A - chitetezo chokwanira kwa moyo wonse pambuyo pa maphunzirowo.
- Chiwindi B ndi moyo wonse pambuyo pa maphunziro (koma titers ayenera kufufuzidwa pakatha zaka 10).
- Chikuku, rubella, mumps - kusintha kamodzi pa zaka 10 kwa munthu wamkulu.
- Chicken pox ndi chitetezo cha moyo wonse pambuyo pa maphunziro kapena matenda omwe anadwala ali mwana.
- Poliomyelitis - chitetezo chokwanira kwa moyo wonse pambuyo pa maphunziro.
- Matenda a meningococcal amakhala moyo wonse ngati mutalandira katemera wazaka zisanu.
- Human papillomavirus - kamodzi pa zaka 15 (anthu ena ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwa moyo wonse, kusintha pambuyo poyang'ana titer).
- Encephalitis yopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa - zaka zitatu zilizonse, ngati mukufuna kukhala pamoto ku Russia.
Kodi ndizotheka kuchita zonse nthawi imodzi?
Ayi. Mumkombero umodzi mutha kupeza katemera wa 1-3, ndiye kuti muyenera kudikirira mwezi umodzi wotsatirawo usanachitike.
Katemera ena amaphatikizidwa, ena sali. Katemera wamoyo nthawi zambiri saperekedwa tsiku lomwelo. Osinthidwa ma genetic atha kuperekedwa mochulukira, koma osapitilira katemera atatu patsiku, kuti asawonjezere katundu pathupi.
BCG, katemera wa yellow fever ndi katemera wa chiwewe (motsutsana ndi chiwewe) - nthawi zambiri saperekedwa pamodzi ndi katemera wina kapena wina ndi mzake.
Katemera wina sangaperekedwe pa nthawi ya mimba. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pa katemera wa chikuku, rubella, mumps ndi nkhuku omwe ali ndi mavairasi omwe amachepetsa moyo.
Makatemera ambiri aubwana ndi akulu amasiyana malinga ndi mlingo wokha. Ndiko kuti, ngati mwabayidwa jekeseni ya ana awiri m'malo mwa wamkulu, izi ndi zachilendo nthawi zambiri. Kuwerengera ngati chimodzi.
Palibenso chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito katemera molakwika. Tsatirani malingaliro oyenera okha, osabaya chilichonse. Kuthekera kwa chitetezo chamthupi kulibe malire, komanso kuphunzitsidwa kwambiri sikungakhalenso lingaliro labwino. Ngati mukukayika, funsani dokotala.
Kodi pali matenda omwe angatetezedwe popanda katemera?
Inde. Palibe katemera wolimbana ndi malungo, kotero pali njira ziwiri - kaya kutenga prophylaxis, kapena kupeza chithandizo pamene mukudwala kale. Chabwino, mwina muzidzitchinjiriza ndi mankhwala othamangitsira udzudzu ola lililonse ndikukhulupirira kuti mukhala ndi mwayi.
Makamaka pankhani ya malungo, yang'anani tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'dera la maulendo: ena amachiritsidwa popanda mavuto, ena satero. Zomwe sizili: zitha kukhala kuti ndi bwino kutenga prophylaxis ndikuvutika ndi zotsatira zake (nthawi zambiri komanso osati zabwino kwambiri). Kumene kulibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zingakhale bwino kutenga mwayi ndikudzipopera ndi spray. Mwasankha. Pamene palibe kuphulika, awa ndi malingaliro chabe.
Monga njira yodzitetezera, mutha kumwa mapiritsi kuti musatenge kachilombo ka HIV, koma tikukhulupirira kuti simukufunika maulendo oterowo.
Zimalimbikitsidwanso kwambiri kukhala ndi chida choyamba chothandizira, kuti ngati mutagwira matenda a m'mimba kapena mphutsi, mphere kapena protozoa iliyonse, mudzakhala ndi chothandizira nokha. Ndi bwino kukonzekera ndi katswiri yemweyo yemwe angakupatseni katemera musanayambe ulendo. Kapena ndi dokotala wanu.
Ndi liti ndipo ndi liti osalandira katemera?
Pali contraindications. Nthawi zambiri, ngati muli ndi chimfine musanayambe kuyenda, simuyenera kupita kwa dokotala kuti mukalandire katemera pakati pa chimfine. Koma kutentha komweko kwa 39 ndi zizindikiro zina za matenda sizimasokoneza nthawi zonse kupeza katemera. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa ana omwe nthawi zambiri amadwala. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse funsani dokotala wanu ndipo musabise matenda anu onse komanso matenda osachiritsika.
Mukhoza kuwerenga zitsanzo za contraindications .
Pali zotsutsana zochepa kwambiri zoletsa kulandira katemera. Mwachitsanzo, katemera wamoyo ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi mitundu ina ya chitetezo cha mthupi.
Pankhani ya matenda aakulu, mndandanda wa katemera ukhoza kukhala wotakata kuposa nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kuopsa kwapadera. Komanso, muyenera kuyang'ana pa contraindications chapadera katemera. Zonsezi zidzayang'aniridwa ndi dokotala pa nthawi yodzitetezera asanalandire katemera m'chipatala.
Kodi ndingalandire katemera kunja kwa ulendo wina?
Inde. Komanso, mutha kugula katemera kwinakwake ku pharmacy kuno kapena kunja ndikubweretsa ku chipatala chanu kuti akupatseni zikalata za izi. Izi ndizofunikira ngati katemera wofunikira sakupezeka m'zipatala za mumzinda wanu. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyang'ana zofunikira zaukhondo zachipatala zonyamula katemera musanachite opareshoni.
Pali katemera wosiyanasiyana wa matenda omwe ndikufunika. Iti kusankha?
Chosankha chophweka chiri pakati pa zotsika mtengo komanso zodula. Monga lamulo, wokwera mtengo kwambiri amakhala ndi mfundo yosiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena laibulale yaikulu ya zovuta, kapena pali chinachake chomwe chimawonjezera mphamvu zake ndikuchepetsa mwayi wa zotsatirapo.
Pakakhala katemera angapo ndipo ali amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi dokotala kapena, ngati njira yomaliza, gwiritsani ntchito njira "yosasintha".
Ndabwerako ndipo sindikumva bwino...
Ndi bwino kupita kumalo omwe angatsimikizire kuti si matenda a ku Russia, chifukwa wothandizira m'deralo akhoza kusokonezeka kwa masiku angapo, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri kufotokozera kwa matendawa. Ndiko kuti, ndi bwino kuyenda (kapena kutenga ambulansi) kupita kuchipatala cha matenda opatsirana. Onetsetsani kuti muwauze madokotala komwe munali ndi zomwe munachita (mwachitsanzo, kuyesa nyama yaiwisi molingana ndi maphikidwe am'deralo, mileme yokongola, kupsompsona giraffe). MwachidziΕ΅ikire, mwamwapo poizoni kapena muli ndi chimfine, koma adzakuyesani chilichonse chofanana ndi zizindikiro zanu - kuyambira dengue mpaka malungo. Awa ndi mayeso angapo. Zidzakhala zowopsa pang'ono kuwona anthu akutsitsa masks awo mwadzidzidzi pankhope zawo, koma sizidzapweteka kwambiri ndipo sizitenga nthawi yayitali. Awa ndi malamulo mu Russian Federation, ndipo, ambiri, izi ndi zabwino pa moyo wanu.
Kodi chidzachitika ndi chiyani kwa okwera ndege momwe wodwalayo amawulukira?
Ngati mukudwala, choyamba muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake. Zochita zina zimadalira matenda. Ngati anali malungo, ndiye kuti popanda kukhalapo kwa udzudzu m'ngalawa n'kosatheka kupatsira (pokhapokha inu nonse munali pa bolodi kuthira magazi wina ndi mzake, koma ndiye choyamba muyenera kukaonana ndi amisala). Zomwezo zimapitanso ku dengue, zika, chikungunya ndi yellow fever. Koma ngati chikuku kapena matenda a meningococcal, chirichonse chiri chosiyana, ndipo miyeso ingatengedwe. Dokotala adzadziwitsa a Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision Authority (Rospotrebnadzor), ndipo adzadziwitsa aliyense ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti ateteze ku biothreat.
Ndinawerenga zonse, ndikuzimvetsa ndipo ndikufuna kutenga katemera ndisanapite paulendo wanga mwezi umodzi. Kodi kuchita izo?
Imbani chipatala chanu ndikufunsani ngati katemera alipo wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe mukufuna. Kudya? Nenani kuti mukumufuna. Mupangana ndi dokotala, ndiye adzakuyesani, ndikufunsani mozungulira, ndipo ngati palibe zotsutsana, adzakutumizani kuchipinda chothandizira. Kumeneko mudzalandira katemera (kuwombera paphewa, mwachitsanzo), ndiye adzakuwerengerani mndandanda wa zizindikiro zomwe muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa tsiku likudzalo. Kenaka khalani kwa theka la ola kutsogolo kwa wothandizira kapena chipinda chothandizira. Pakadutsa theka la ola, dokotala adzatuluka, onetsetsani kuti simukugwedezeka ndi anaphylactic, ndikutumizani kunyumba. Ngati anali jekeseni, ndiye kuti simungathe kunyowa kapena kukanda kwa masiku angapo.
Ngati chipatala chanu chilibe katemera, imbani foni yotsatira yomwe ilipo. Komabe, mwina, iyi ndi ntchito yolipidwa, kotero zilibe kanthu komwe mungapeze. Chinthu chokhacho ndi chakuti, musaiwale kutenga mapepala a katemera - ndi bwino kufalitsa makope awo ndi dossier ku chipatala chachikulu.
Nthawi zina zikalata zimafunika kusungidwa paulendo. Mwachitsanzo, mutalandira katemera wa yellow fever, adzakupatsani buku lapadera lomwe muyenera kupita nalo ku Panama. Kupanda kutero, mudzaloledwa kulowa mdziko muno kwa maola 12.
Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa cha upangiri wanu kwa katswiri wa zanyengo Victoria Valikova, woyambitsa chipatala chodzipereka cha Health&Help ku ΠΈ . Ngati mukufuna chipatala chake - .
Ndipo nazi zofalitsa zina "Tutu.Tours" ndi "Tutu.Adventures": , .
Source: www.habr.com