Nthawi yapitayi ife mu labotale ya zida za optoelectronic. ITMO University Museum of Optics - zowonetsera ndi kuyika kwake - ndiye mutu wankhani yamasiku ano.
Chenjerani: pali zithunzi zambiri pansi pa odulidwa.
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale sinamangidwe nthawi yomweyo
ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yolumikizana . Iye ali m'nyumba ya Vasilievsky Island, kumene kale anali State Optical Institute. Mbiri ya nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale mu 2007, pamene kukonzanso kwa nyumba pa Birzhevaya Line kunali kukuchitika. Ogwira ntchito ku yunivesite adayang'anizana ndi funso: zomwe angayike m'zipinda pazipinda zoyambirira.
Pa nthawiyo malangizowo anali kukula edutainment ΠΈ , pulofesa ku Faculty of Physics and Technology, adanena kuti Rector Vladimir Vasiliev apange chiwonetsero chomwe chingasonyeze ana kuti optics ndi yosangalatsa. Poyamba, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale inathandiza yunivesite kuthetsa nkhani yotsogolera ntchito komanso kukopa ana asukulu kumagulu apadera. Poyamba, maulendo amagulu okha ndi omwe ankachitika mwa kusankhana, makamaka kwa magiredi 8-11.
Pambuyo pake, gulu la nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale linaganiza zokonzekera chiwonetsero chachikulu cha sayansi, Magic of Light, kwa aliyense. Idatsegulidwa koyamba mu 2015 pamalo opitilira mamilimita chikwi. mita.
Chiwonetsero cha Museum: maphunziro ndi mbiri
Gawo loyamba lachiwonetsero limayambitsa alendo ku mbiri ya optics ndikukamba za chitukuko cha zamakono zamakono a holographic. Holography ndiukadaulo womwe umakupatsani mwayi wopanganso zithunzi zamitundu itatu yazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pachionetserocho mukhoza kuonera filimu yaifupi yophunzitsa yofotokoza za thupi la zochitikazo.
Choyambirira chomwe alendo amawona ndi matebulo awiri pomwe pali zoseketsa za dera lojambulira hologram. Zitsanzo zomwe zasankhidwa ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka chipilala cha Peter I wokwera pamahatchi ndi chidole cha matryoshka.
Ndi wobiriwira laser - tingachipeze powerenga , mothandizidwa ndi omwe asayansi adapeza hologram yoyamba yotumiza volumetric mu 1962.
Ndi laser wofiira - chithunzi cha Russian wasayansi Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk. Laser sikufunika kuti muwone ma hologram. Amawonekera mu kuwala koyera bwino. Gawo lalikulu la chiwonetserochi limaperekedwa ku gawo la holographic. Kupatula apo, munali m'nyumbayi momwe Yu. N. Denisyuk adapeza ndipo adasonkhanitsa kukhazikitsa kwake koyamba kuti alembe ma hologram.
Masiku ano chiwembu cha Denisyuk chikugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi chithandizo chake, ma holograms analoji amalembedwa kuti sasiyanitsidwe ndi zinthu zenizeni - "optoclones". Mu holo yoyamba ya nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale muli mabokosi okhala ndi mazira a Isitala otchuka a Carl Faberge ndi chuma cha Diamond Fund.
Mu chithunzi: makope a holographic "Β»,Β«"ndi zokongoletsera"Β»
Kuphatikiza pa analogue, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yathu ilinso ndi ma hologram a digito. Amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a 3D modelling ndi laser technologies. Kutengera zithunzi za chinthu kapena kanema (yomwe imatha kujambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma drones), mtundu wake umapangidwa pakompyuta. Kenako, imasinthidwa kukhala njira yosokoneza ndikusamutsidwa ku filimu ya polima pogwiritsa ntchito laser.
Ma hologram oterowo amasindikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito holoprinters apadera pogwiritsa ntchito ma laser amitundu yabuluu, ofiira ndi obiriwira (pali pang'ono za ntchito yawo. ).
Pakati pa ma hologram a digito a nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yopangidwa ndi gulu la University, mutha kuwona zitsanzo za Alexander Nevsky Lavra ndi Naval Cathedral ku Kronstadt.
Ma hologram a digito amabweranso mumitundu inayi - amakhala ndi zithunzi zinayi zosiyana. Ngati muyenda mozungulira hologram yotereyi, zithunzizo zidzayamba kusintha.
Pakadali pano, njira yojambulira ma hologram sinapezeke kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa zida zosindikizira. Ku Russia kulibe ma holoprinters, kotero Museum yathu imawonetsa mahologalamu opangidwa ku America ndi Latvia, mwachitsanzo mapu a Mount Athos.
Pa chithunzi: Mapu a Mount Athos
Holo yachiwiri ya nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imaperekedwanso pang'ono ku holography. Mawonekedwe ake onse akuwonetsedwa pachithunzi pansipa.
Pa chithunzi: Hall yokhala ndi ma hologram
Chipinda ichi chikuwonetsa "chithunzi cha holographic" cha Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ma holograms akuluakulu pagalasi, ndipo malinga ndi kukula kwake ndi mtsogoleri pakati pa ma holograms a analogi.
Palinso choyimira chokhala ndi chithunzi cha holographic cha Yu.N. Denisyuk ndi nkhani ya moyo wa wasayansi ndi zimene anapeza. Pali hologram yokhala ndi mafelemu a chithunzi cha filimuyo "I Am Legend".
Chipindachi chili ndi ma hologram a zinthu zochokera kumalo osungiramo zinthu zakale osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi, mwachitsanzo kuchokera ku Russian Museum of Ethnography.
Kumanzere kwa phokoso la Pushkin pali nyali yoyikidwa mumlandu wowonekera. Ngakhale chiwonetserochi chikuwoneka ngati nyali poyang'ana koyamba. Mkati mwake muli chopukutira chokhala ndi masamba oyera ndi akuda. Mukayatsa chowunikira ndikuchiwunikira pa choyikapocho, chimayamba kuzungulira.
Chiwonetserocho chimatchedwa Crookes Radiometer.
Iliyonse mwa masamba anayiwo ili ndi mbali yakuda ndi yowala. Mdima - umatentha kwambiri kuposa kuwala (chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a kuyamwa kwa kuwala). Chifukwa chake, mamolekyu a mpweya omwe ali mu botolo amadumpha mbali yamdima ya tsambalo pa liwiro lalikulu kuposa kuchokera ku mbali yowala. Pachifukwa ichi, tsamba lomwe likuyang'anizana ndi gwero la kuwala ndi mbali yamdima limalandira mphamvu yaikulu.
Gawo lachiwiri la holoyo likuperekedwa ku mbiri ya optics: chitukuko cha kujambula ndi kupanga magalasi, mbiri ya maonekedwe a magalasi ndi nyali.
Pamayimilira mungapeze zida zambiri zowonera: ma microscopes, "", makamera akale ndi magalasi akale. Paulendo mungaphunzire mbiri ya maonekedwe a magalasi oyambirira opangidwa ndi obsidian, bronze ndipo, potsiriza, galasi. Chowonetseracho chimakhala ndi galasi lenileni la Venetian convex, lopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wazaka za zana la XNUMX. Ndipo "galasi lamatsenga" lamkuwa (ngati mukuloza padzuwa, ndi "bunny" yowonekera pakhoma loyera, ndiye chithunzi chochokera kumbuyo kwa galasi chidzawonekera).
M'chipinda chomwecho muli makamera ambiri. Chiwonetserocho chimapangitsa kuti azitsatira chitukuko chawo kuchokera - kholo la kamera - mpaka lero.
Pa chithunzi: Kutolere kwa kamera
Makamera owonetsera anali ndi makamera okhala ndi ma bellows opinda ndi makope a Pontiac MFAP, opangidwa kuyambira 1941 mpaka 1948, ndi AGFA BILLY kuyambira 1928. Pazida zomwe zaperekedwa mungapeze ""Ndi kamera yoyamba ya Soviet, yomwe idapangidwa pamaziko amitundu yopambana kwambiri yaku Western. Mu USSR anapangidwa mpaka 1941.
Pachithunzi: Kamera yopinda «»
Mukapita ku holo yotsatira ya nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, mukhoza kuona kuwala kwakukulu ndi chiwalo cha nyimbo. "Chida" chimakhala ndi magalasi apadera 144 amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu - . Palibe zosonkhanitsira zotere padziko lonse lapansi malinga ndi kukula kwa chipika chagalasi ndi kukwanira kwa chiwonetsero. Zinayamba kusonkhanitsidwa ku USSR kuti zipititse patsogolo kupindula kwa asayansi ku State Optical Institute, omwe adapanga luso lopanga magalasi osamva ma radiation.
Tsopano pansi pa galasi lililonse pali mzere wa LED. Mizere iyi imayang'aniridwa ndi owongolera komanso malo olumikizidwa ndi kompyuta yanu. Mukayimba nyimbo pa PC, chiwalocho chimayamba kunjenjemera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera fungulo ndi kamvekedwe ka mawuwo. Pulogalamuyi ili ndi ma aligorivimu asanu ndi atatu osinthira mawu kukhala mtundu. Mutha kuwunika momwe dongosololi likugwirira ntchito .
Kupitiliza kwa chiwonetserochi: gawo lothandizira
Pambuyo pa kusonkhanitsa galasi la kuwala kumabwera gawo lachiwiri lachiwonetsero - lothandizira. Zambiri mwazowonetsa pano zitha ndipo ziyenera kukhudzidwa. Gawo lothandizira limayamba ndi kuphunzira mbiri ya chitukuko cha kanema ndi masomphenya a 3D.
, , phonotropes - perekani lingaliro la momwe asayansi amaphunzirira njira za masomphenya ndi kukonza chidziwitso. Mutha kuwona chitsanzo cha phonotrope pachithunzi pansipa. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito imachokera ku inertia ya masomphenya. Zomwe sitingathe kuziwona ndi diso, popeza chithunzicho sichikuwoneka bwino, chikuwoneka bwino kudzera mu kamera ya smartphone.
Mu chithunzi: phonotrope - analogue yamakono ya zoetrope
Chithunzi: Kuwona chinyengo
Makanema amakono a 3D adayambira m'zaka za zana la 3 - stereoscope yokhala ndi makhadi osinthiratu ingakuthandizeni kutsimikizira izi. Palinso chophimba cha XNUMXD choyikidwa, chomwe sichifuna magalasi apadera kuti muwone chithunzicho.
Pa chithunzi: stereoscope yakale yochokera ku 1901
Muholo yowonetserako pali tebulo lokhala ndi olamulira a stationery ndi zinthu zina zowonekera. Mukawayang'ana kudzera muzosefera zapadera, zidzaphuka ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza. Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa .
Izi ndizochitika pamene, motsogozedwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, matupi amapeza ma refraction awiri (chifukwa chamitundu yosiyanasiyana yowunikira kuwala). Ndicho chifukwa chake maonekedwe a utawaleza amawonekera. Mwa njira, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana katundu pomanga milatho ndi implants.
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa chophimba china chowala choyera. Ngati muyang'ana kupyolera mu zosefera zapadera, chithunzi cha chinjoka chachikuda chidzawonekera pamenepo.
Yunivesite ya ITMO nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito mapulojekiti ogwirizana ndi akatswiri ojambula omwe amawonetsa ntchito zawo kumalo osungiramo zinthu zakale. Mwachitsanzo, mu imodzi mwaholo zolumikizirana pali kuyika kwa LED ""(Wave) ndi zotsatira za"mgwirizano" wa akatswiri aku yunivesite ndi gulu la polojekiti ya Sonicology. Katswiri wa polojekitiyi anali wojambula komanso wolemba nyimbo Taras Mashtalir.
Chinthu chojambula cha Wave ndi chosema cha mamita awiri chomwe, pogwiritsa ntchito masensa oyenda, "amawerenga" khalidwe la owonera ndikupanga kuwala ndi nyimbo.
Chithunzi: Kuyika kwa Wave LED
Holo yotsatira yachionetserocho ili ndi zithunzithunzi zamagalasi. Anamorphoses "amatanthauzira" zithunzi zachilendo ndikuzisintha kukhala zithunzi zomveka.
Chotsatira ndi chipinda chamdima chokhala ndi magetsi a plasma. Mutha kuwagwira.
Mutha kujambula pakhoma kumanja kwa nyali ndi tochi; ili ndi zokutira zapadera zomwe zimayikidwapo. Ndipo khoma loyang'anizana nalo silitenga kuwala, koma limawunikira. Ngati mutenga chithunzi kumbuyo kwake ndi kung'anima, mudzapeza mthunzi pazithunzi za kamera.
Chipinda choyambirira cha chiwonetserochi ndi chipinda cha ultraviolet. Ndi mdima komanso wodzazidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zowala. Mwachitsanzo, pali mapu "owala" aku Russia.
Pa chithunzi: Mapu aku Russia ojambulidwa ndi utoto wowala
Chiwonetsero chomaliza ndi "Magic Forest". Iyi ndi holo ya magalasi okhala ndi ulusi wowala.
Mu chithunzi: "Magic Forest"
"Mpaka kosafikika ndikupitilira"
Tsiku lililonse, ogwira ntchito kumalo osungiramo zinthu zakale amagwira ntchito pazowonetsa zatsopano ndikuwongolera zomwe zilipo kale. Maulendo amayamba mphindi makumi awiri zilizonse. Maphunziro angapo ambuye a ana asukulu amawalolanso kuti azitha kudziwa bwino maphunziro a sukulu ya optics mwanjira yosangalatsa komanso yomveka.
M'tsogolomu, tikukonzekera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zaluso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, komanso kukhala ndi maphunziro ambiri ndi zokambirana pamunsi pake. Padzakhalanso chigawo cha VR chokhala ndi zochitika kuchokera ku pulojekiti ya ITMO University "".
Tikukhulupirira kuti padzakhala mapulojekiti okhudzana ndi maphunziro, ndipo Museum of Optics ku yunivesite ya ITMO idzakhala malo owonetsera ojambula atolankhani ochokera padziko lonse lapansi.
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Source: www.habr.com