Zaulere monga mu Ufulu mu Chirasha: Mutu 1. Printer Fatal

Zaulere monga mu Ufulu mu Chirasha: Chaputala 2. 2001: A Hacker Odyssey

Chithunzi cha wowononga ali wachinyamata

Alice Lippman, amayi a Richard Stallman, amakumbukirabe nthawi yomwe mwana wawo adawonetsa luso lake.

Iye anati: “Ndikuganiza kuti zinachitika ali ndi zaka 8.

Munali 1961. Lippman adasudzulidwa posachedwa ndipo adakhala mayi wosakwatiwa. Iye ndi mwana wake wamwamuna adasamukira m'kanyumba kakang'ono ka chipinda chimodzi ku Upper West Side ku Manhattan. Kumeneko n’kumene anakhala tsiku lopuma. Powerenga buku la Scientific American, Alice adapeza ndime yomwe amakonda kwambiri: "Masewera a Masamu" wolemba Martin Gardner. Panthawiyo, amagwira ntchito ngati mphunzitsi waluso wolowa m'malo, ndipo zithunzi za Gardner zinali zabwino kwambiri posintha ubongo wake. Atakhala pa sofa pafupi ndi mwana wake wamwamuna, yemwe ankawerenga mwachidwi buku, Alice anayamba kuganizira kwambiri za mlunguwo.

Lippman akuvomereza kuti: “Sindingatchulidwe kuti ndine katswiri wothetsa mazenera, koma kwa ine, katswiri waluso, zinali zothandiza chifukwa zinaphunzitsa luntha ndi kulipangitsa kukhala losinthasintha.”

Masiku ano zoyesayesa zake zonse zothetsera vutoli zidaphwanyidwa, ngati khoma. Alice anali wokonzeka kutaya magaziniyo chifukwa chokwiya, ndipo mwadzidzidzi anakoka mkono wake. Anali Richard. Anafunsa ngati akufunikira thandizo.

Alice anayang’ana mwana wakeyo, kenaka n’kuyang’ana pa chithunzicho, kenako anayang’ananso mwana wakeyo, n’kukayikira kuti angathandize m’njira iliyonse. “Ndinamufunsa ngati anaŵerenga magaziniyo. Iye anayankha kuti: inde, ndinaiwerenga, ndipo ndinathetsa vutolo. Ndipo akuyamba kundifotokozera momwe zimathetsedwera. Nthawi imeneyi yakhazikika m’chikumbukiro changa kwa moyo wanga wonse.”

Atamva zomwe mwana wake wamwamuna, Alice anagwedeza mutu wake - kukayikira kwake kunakula kukhala kusakhulupirira kwenikweni. “Eya, ndiko kuti, iye nthaŵi zonse anali mnyamata wanzeru ndi waluso,” akutero, “koma ndiye kwanthaŵi yoyamba ndinakumana ndi chisonyezero cha kulingalira kotukuka kosayembekezereka koteroko.”

Tsopano, zaka 30 pambuyo pake, Lippman amakumbukira izi ndikuseka. Alice anati: “Kunena zoona, sindinkamvetsa ngakhale pang’ono zimene anasankhazo, kaya panthaŵiyo kapena pambuyo pake, ndinachita chidwi kuti anadziŵa yankho lake.”

Tikukhala patebulo lodyera m'chipinda chachikulu chazipinda zitatu cha Manhattan komwe Alice adasamuka ndi Richard mu 1967 atakwatirana ndi Maurice Lippmann. Pokumbukira zaka zoyambirira za mwana wake wamwamuna, Alice akusonyeza kunyada ndi manyazi kwa mayi wina wachiyuda. Kuchokera apa mutha kuwona bolodi lokhala ndi zithunzi zazikulu zowonetsa Richard ali ndi ndevu zonse komanso mikanjo yamaphunziro. Zithunzi za adzukulu a Lippman ndi adzukulu ake zimaphatikizidwa ndi zithunzi za gnomes. Akuseka, Alice akufotokoza kuti: “Richard anaumirira kuti ndiwagule atalandira digiri yaulemu ya udokotala ku yunivesite ya Glasgow. Kenako anandiuza kuti: ‘Mukudziwa chiyani amayi? Aka kanali koyamba kuti ndipiteko.'

Mawu oterowo akusonyeza mlandu wa nthabwala umene uli wofunika kwambiri pakulera mwana wanzeru. Mungakhale otsimikiza kuti pa nkhani iliyonse yomwe imadziwika kuti Stallman anali waukali komanso wanzeru, amayi ake ali ndi zina zambiri zoti anene.

Iye anati: “Anali wolimbikira kusamala zinthu,” akutero, akukweza manja ake mokwiya mwachifanizo, “tinazoloŵeranso kumvetsera mawu okambitsirana aukali pa chakudya chamadzulo. Ine ndi aphunzitsi ena tinayesa kuyambitsa bizinesi yathuyathu, ndipo Richard anandikwiyira kwambiri. Iye ankaona kuti mabungwe a zamalonda ndi gwero la katangale. Analimbananso ndi chitetezo cha anthu. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti zingakhale bwino ngati anthu ayamba kudzipezera okha zofunika pa moyo wawo poika ndalama. Ndani ankadziwa kuti m’zaka 10 zokha adzakhala ngati munthu wanzeru? Ndikukumbukira kuti tsiku lina mchemwali wake wopeza anadza kwa ine n’kundifunsa kuti, ‘Mulungu, adzakula kukhala ndani? Fascist?'".

Alice anakwatiwa ndi bambo ake a Richard, Daniel Stallman, mu 1948, ndipo anasudzulana patatha zaka 10, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo analera mwana wake pafupifupi yekha, ngakhale kuti bambo ake anakhalabe omusamalira. Chifukwa chake, Alice anganene moyenerera kuti amamudziwa bwino mwana wake, makamaka kudana kwake ndi ulamuliro. Zimatsimikiziranso ludzu lake lofuna kudziwa zambiri. Iye ankavutika kwambiri ndi makhalidwe amenewa. Nyumbayo inasanduka bwalo lankhondo.

Lippman anakumbukira zimene zinachitikira Richard kuyambira ali ndi zaka 8 mpaka pamene anamaliza maphunziro ake, anati: “Ndinkamuitana kuti tidzadye chakudya chamadzulo, ndipo amandinyalanyaza, ngati kuti sakufuna kudya. samamva . Pokhapokha patatha kachisanu ndi chinayi kapena kakhumi m’pamene anasokonezedwa ndi kundimvetsera. Anachita khama kwambiri m’maphunziro ake, ndipo zinali zovuta kumuchotsa kumeneko.”

Nayenso, Richard akufotokoza zochitikazo mofananamo, koma amawafotokozera zandale.

“Ndinkakonda kuŵerenga,” iye akutero, “ngati ndinali wokonda kuŵerenga, ndipo amayi anga atandiuza kuti ndipite kukadya kapena kugona, sindinkawamvera. Sindinamvetsetse chifukwa chake sanandilole kuti ndiwerenge. Sindinaone chifukwa ngakhale pang’ono chimene ndiyenera kuchita zimene ndinauzidwa. M'malo mwake, ndidayesa ndekha komanso ubale wabanja chilichonse chomwe ndimawerenga chokhudza demokalase ndi ufulu wamunthu. Ndinakana kumvetsa chifukwa chake mfundo zimenezi sizinkaperekedwa kwa ana.”

Ngakhale kusukulu, Richard ankakonda kutsatira mfundo za ufulu waumwini m’malo motsatira zofuna zakumwamba. Pofika zaka 11, adali ndi magiredi awiri patsogolo pa anzake, ndipo adalandira zokhumudwitsa zambiri monga mwana wamphatso kusukulu ya sekondale. Nkhani yosaiŵalikayo itatha, amayi ake a Richard anayamba kukangana ndi kufotokozera aphunzitsi nthawi zonse.

“Iye ananyalanyaza kotheratu ntchito zolembedwa,” Alice akukumbukira mikangano yoyambayo, “ndikuganiza kuti ntchito yake yomalizira m’sukulu yachichepere inali nkhani yonena za mbiri ya kugwiritsira ntchito kaŵerengedwe ka manambala Kumadzulo m’giredi 4.” Iye anakana kulemba nkhani zimene sizinamusangalatse. Stallman, wokhala ndi kuganiza modabwitsa, adafufuza masamu ndi sayansi yeniyeni kuwononga maphunziro ena. Aphunzitsi ena adawona izi ngati malingaliro amodzi, koma Lippman adawona ngati kusaleza mtima komanso kusadziletsa. Sayansi yeniyeni idayimiridwa kale mu pulogalamuyi mochuluka kwambiri kuposa zomwe Richard sankakonda. Stallman ali ndi zaka 10 kapena 11, anzake a m’kalasi anayamba masewera a mpira wa ku America, ndipo kenako Richard anabwerera kunyumba ali wokwiya. Lippman anati: “Ankafunadi kuseŵera, koma kunapezeka kuti kugwirizanitsa kwake ndi maluso ena akuthupi kunali kofunikira,” akutero Lippman, “zinamkwiyitsa kwambiri.”

Atakwiya, Stallman anaika maganizo ake kwambiri pa masamu ndi sayansi. Komabe, ngakhale m’madera ameneŵa a Richard, kusaleza mtima kwake nthaŵi zina kunkayambitsa mavuto. Kale pofika zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri, ataloŵerera m’mabuku ophunzirira algebra, sanaone kukhala kofunikira kukhala kosavuta kulankhulana ndi achikulire. Nthaŵi ina, pamene Stallman anali kusukulu ya pulayimale, Alice anamulembera ntchito mphunzitsi monga wophunzira pa yunivesite ya Columbia. Phunziro loyamba linali lokwanira kuti wophunzira asawonekere pakhomo la nyumba yawo. "Mwachiwonekere, zomwe Richard amamuuza sizinali bwino m'mutu mwake," akutero Lippman.

Chinthu chinanso chomwe amayi ake ankachikonda kwambiri chinali chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60, pamene Stallman anali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Zaka ziwiri zinali zitatha kuchokera pamene makolo ake anasudzulana, ndipo Alice ndi mwana wake wamwamuna anasamuka ku Queens kupita ku Upper West Side, komwe Richard ankakonda kupita kupaki pa Riverside Drive kukayambitsa zidole zachitsanzo. Posakhalitsa zosangalatsazo zidakula kukhala ntchito yayikulu, yokhazikika - adayambanso kulemba mwatsatanetsatane za kukhazikitsa kulikonse. Monga chidwi chake pamavuto a masamu, chizolowezichi sichinasamalidwe kwambiri mpaka tsiku lina, kukhazikitsidwa kwakukulu kwa NASA kusanachitike, amayi ake adafunsa mwanthabwala mwana wawo ngati akufuna kuwona ngati bungwe lazamlengalenga likutsata zolemba zake molondola.

“Anakwiya kwambiri,” akutero Lippman, “ndipo anangoyankha kuti: ‘Sindinawasonyezebe zolemba zanga!’ Ayenera kuwonetsa NASA china chake. " Stallman mwiniwake samakumbukira chochitika ichi, koma akunena kuti muzochitika zotere adzachita manyazi chifukwa chakuti panalibe kanthu kosonyeza NASA.

Ma anecdotes a banja awa anali mawonetseredwe oyambirira a chikhalidwe cha Stallman, chomwe chidakali naye mpaka lero. Anawo atathamangira patebulo, Richard anapitirizabe kuwerenga kuchipinda kwake. Ana akamasewera mpira, akutsanzira Johnny Unitas wodziwika bwino, Richard adawonetsa wamlengalenga. “Ndinali wachilendo,” Stallman anafotokoza mwachidule zaka zake zaubwana m’kufunsa mafunso mu 1999, “pofika msinkhu winawake mabwenzi okha amene ndinali nawo anali aphunzitsi.” Richard sanachite manyazi ndi mikhalidwe yake yachilendo ndi zizolowezi zake, mosiyana ndi kusatha kukhala bwino ndi anthu, zomwe ankaziona ngati vuto lenileni. Komabe, onse awiri adamupangitsa kuti apatukane ndi aliyense.

Alice anaganiza zopatsa mwana wake kuwala kobiriwira pazokonda zake, ngakhale kuti izi zidawopseza mavuto atsopano kusukulu. Ali ndi zaka 12, Richard adapita kumisasa ya sayansi chilimwe chonse, ndipo ndikuyamba sukulu, adayambanso kupita kusukulu yapadera. Mmodzi mwa aphunzitsiwo adalangiza Lippman kuti alembetse mwana wake wamwamuna ku Columbia Science Achievement Program, yomwe idapangidwa ku New York kwa ophunzira aluso apakati ndi kusekondale. Stallman anawonjezera pulogalamuyo ku zochitika zake zakunja popanda kutsutsa, ndipo posakhalitsa anayamba kuyendera malo okhala ku Columbia University Loweruka lililonse.

Malinga ndi kukumbukira kwa Dan Chess, m'modzi mwa ophunzira anzake a Stallman mu pulogalamu ya Columbia, Richard adawonekera ngakhale pazochitika za msonkhano womwewo wokonda masamu ndi sayansi yeniyeni. “N’zoona kuti tonse tinali anzeru ndi akatswili kumeneko,” akutero Chess, amene tsopano ndi pulofesa wa masamu pa Hunter College, “komatu Stallman anali wodziŵika bwino kuti sanali m’dzikoli. Anali munthu wanzeru basi. Ndikudziwa anthu ambiri anzeru, koma ndikuganiza kuti Stallman ndiye munthu wanzeru kwambiri yemwe ndidakumanapo naye.

Wolemba mapulogalamu Seth Bridbart, yemwenso wamaliza maphunziro a pulogalamuyi, akuvomereza ndi mtima wonse. Iye ankagwirizana kwambiri ndi Richard chifukwa ankakondanso zasayansi komanso ankapita kumisonkhano ikuluikulu. Seth akukumbukira Stallman ali mwana wazaka 15 zakubadwa wovala zovala zofooketsa amene anapatsa anthu “chizizwa,” makamaka kwa achichepere anzake azaka XNUMX zakubadwa.

“Nkovuta kulongosola,” akutero Breidbart, “sikuti iye anali wodzipatula kotheratu, iye anali wodera nkhaŵa mopambanitsa. Richard anachita chidwi ndi chidziŵitso chake chozama, koma kudzipatula kwake sikunawonjezere kukopa kwake.”

Mafotokozedwe oterowo ndi opatsa chidwi: kodi pali chifukwa chilichonse chokhulupirira kuti mawu oti "kutengeka mtima" ndi "kudzipatula" amabisa zomwe masiku ano zimawonedwa ngati zovuta zamakhalidwe aunyamata? Mu December 2001 mu magazini yikidwa mawaya Nkhani ina inafalitsidwa yakuti “The Geek Syndrome,” yomwe inafotokoza za ana aluso mwasayansi omwe ali ndi vuto la autism ndi Asperger’s syndrome. Zokumbukira za makolo awo, zomwe zafotokozedwa m’nkhaniyo, n’zofanana m’njira zambiri ndi nkhani za Alice Lippman. Stallman akuganiza yekha za izi. Mu 2000 zokambirana ndi Toronto Star adanenanso kuti akhoza kukhala ndi "borderline autistic disorder." Zowona, m'nkhaniyo malingaliro ake adawonetsedwa mosadziwa ngati chidaliro

Poganizira mfundo yakuti matanthauzo a anthu ambiri otchedwa "kusokonezeka kwa khalidwe" akadali osadziwika bwino, lingaliro ili likuwoneka ngati loona. Monga Steve Silberman, mlembi wa nkhani yakuti "The Geek Syndrome," adanenanso, akatswiri amisala a ku America posachedwapa azindikira kuti Asperger's syndrome imayambitsa mikhalidwe yosiyana siyana, kuyambira kuperewera kwa magalimoto ndi luso la chikhalidwe cha anthu mpaka kutengeka kwambiri ndi manambala, makompyuta ndi dongosolo lokonzekera. . .

Stallman anati: “Mwinamwake inenso ndili ndi zofanana ndi zimenezi, koma chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za matenda a Asperger ndicho kulephera kugunda kwa mtima. Ndipo ine ndikhoza kuvina. Komanso, ndimakonda kutsatira nyimbo zovuta kwambiri. Kwenikweni, sitinganene motsimikiza. ” Titha kunena za kusintha kwina kwa Asperger's syndrome, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse.

Dan Chess, komabe, sagawana chikhumbo chofuna kudziwa Richard tsopano. "Sindinayambe ndaganizapo kuti anali wachilendo, m'lingaliro lachipatala," akutero, "anali wotalikirana kwambiri ndi anthu omwe anali pafupi naye komanso mavuto awo, anali wosalankhula, koma ngati zifika kuti - ndiye Ife tonse takhala monga choncho, ku digiri imodzi kapena imzake."

Alice Lippman nthawi zambiri amasekedwa ndi mikangano yonse yokhudzana ndi vuto la m'maganizo la Richard, ngakhale amakumbukira nkhani zingapo zomwe zitha kuwonjezedwa pamakanganowo. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda a autistic amaonedwa kuti ndi kusalolera phokoso ndi mitundu yowala, ndipo pamene Richard adatengedwa kupita kunyanja ali khanda, adayamba kulira midadada iwiri kapena itatu kuchokera kunyanja. Kenako anazindikira kuti phokoso la mafundewa linali kumupweteka m’makutu ndi m’mutu. Chitsanzo china: Agogo ake aakazi a Richard anali ndi tsitsi lofiira, lofiira kwambiri, ndipo nthaŵi zonse pamene anatsamira pa berelo, anali kukuwa ngati kuti akumva ululu.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, Lippman wayamba kuwerenga zambiri za autism, ndipo amadzipeza akuganiza kuti mawonekedwe a mwana wake siwongochitika mwachisawawa. Iye anati: “Ndinayamba kuganiza kuti mwina Richard anali mwana wa matenda ovutika maganizo.

Komabe, malinga ndi iye, m’kupita kwa nthaŵi Richard anayamba kuzoloŵera. Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, adakonda kuyimirira pawindo lakutsogolo la masitima apansi panthaka kuti afufuze ngalande za labyrinthine pansi pa mzindawo. Chisangalalo chimenechi chinatsutsana momveka bwino ndi kusalolera kwake kwa phokoso, kumene kunali kochuluka munjanji yapansi panthaka. “Koma phokosolo linam’dabwitsa poyambapo,” akutero Lippman, “kenako dongosolo lamanjenje la Richard linaphunzira kuzoloŵera chisonkhezero cha chikhumbo chake chachangu cha kuphunzira za sitima yapansi panthaka.”

Richard oyambirira amakumbukiridwa ndi amayi ake ngati mwana wabwinobwino - malingaliro ake, zochita zake, ndi njira zolankhulirana zinali ngati za kamnyamata wamba. Pokhapokha pambuyo pa zochitika zambiri zochititsa chidwi m'banjamo adakhala womasuka ndikudzipatula.

Chochitika choyamba chotero chinali chisudzulo cha makolo anga. Ngakhale kuti Alice ndi mwamuna wake anayesa kukonzekeretsa mwana wawo kaamba ka zimenezi ndi kuchepetsa nkhonyayo, analephera. Lippman akukumbukira kuti: “Anaoneka kuti ananyalanyaza zokambitsirana zathu zonse ndi iye, ndiyeno zenizeni zinangomgwera m’matumbo pamene anasamukira ku nyumba ina. Chinthu choyamba chimene Richard anafunsa chinali chakuti: 'Zinthu za bambo zili kuti?'

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Stallman adayamba zaka khumi akukhala m'mabanja awiri, kuchoka kwa amayi ake ku Manhattan kupita kwa abambo ake ku Queens kumapeto kwa sabata. Makhalidwe a makolowo anali osiyana kwambiri, ndipo njira zawo zophunzirira zinalinso zosiyana kwambiri, zosagwirizana ndi wina ndi mzake. Moyo wabanja unali woipa kwambiri moti Richard sakufunabe kuganiza zokhala ndi ana akeake. Kukumbukira abambo ake, omwe anamwalira mu 2001, amakumana ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana - anali munthu wovuta, wokhwima, msilikali wakale wa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Stallman amamulemekeza chifukwa cha udindo wapamwamba komanso udindo - mwachitsanzo, bambo ake ankadziwa bwino Chifalansa chifukwa cha mishoni zolimbana ndi chipani cha Nazi ku France. Kumbali ina, Richard anali ndi chifukwa chokwiyira abambo ake, chifukwa sanadutse njira zokhwima zamaphunziro. .

“Bambo anga anali ndi khalidwe lovuta,” akutero Richard, “sanandikalipire konse, koma nthaŵi zonse anali kupeza chifukwa chakudzudzula chirichonse chimene mumanena kapena kuchita mopanda chifundo ndi kukudzudzulani mwatsatanetsatane.”

Stallman akufotokoza ubale wake ndi amayi ake mosakayikira: “Inali nkhondo. Zinafika poti nditadziuza ndekha kuti ‘ndikufuna kupita kwathu,’ ndinkangoganizira za malo enaake opanda pake, malo abwino kwambiri amtendere amene ndinkangoona m’maloto anga.”

Kwa zaka zingapo makolo ake atasudzulana, Richard ankakhala ndi agogo ake a bambo ake. “Pamene ndinali nawo, ndinadzimva chikondi ndi chikondi, ndi kudekha kotheratu,” iye akukumbukira motero, “anali malo okhawo amene ndinali kuwakonda ndisanapite ku koleji.” Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 8, agogo ake anamwalira, ndipo patapita zaka 2 agogo ake anamutsatira, ndipo ichi chinali nkhonya yachiwiri yovuta yomwe Richard sakanakhoza kuchira kwa nthawi yaitali.

"Zinamukhumudwitsa kwambiri," akutero Lippman. Stallman ankakondana kwambiri ndi agogo ake. Pambuyo pa imfa yawo, adatembenuka kuchoka kwa mtsogoleri wochezeka kukhala munthu wosayankhula, nthawi zonse atayima penapake pambali.

Richard mwiniyo amawona kuti kubwerera kwake panthawiyo kunali kokhudzana ndi zaka, ubwana ukatha ndipo zambiri zimaganiziridwanso ndikuwunikidwanso. Iye amatcha zaka zake zaunyamata "zowopsa kwambiri" ndipo akuti ankamva kukhala wosamva komanso wosalankhula pakati pa okonda nyimbo omwe amangokhalira kucheza.

“Nthaŵi zonse ndinkadzipeza ndekha kuganiza kuti sindikumvetsa zimene aliyense anali kunena,” iye akufotokoza za kudzipatula kwake, “ndinali m’mbuyo kwambiri moti ndinkangoona mawu amodzi okha m’chinenero chawo. Koma sindinkafuna kuloŵerera m’makambitsirano awo, sindinkatha ngakhale kumvetsa mmene akanasangalalira ndi oimba onse amene anali otchuka panthaŵiyo.”

Koma panali china chake chothandiza komanso chosangalatsa pakudzipatula uku - zidalimbikitsa kukhala payekha mwa Richard. Pamene anzake a m’kalasi anayesa kumeretsa tsitsi lalitali lonyezimira pamutu pawo, iye anapitiriza kuvala tsitsi lalifupi, laudongo. Pamene achinyamata omwe ankamuzungulira anali openga kwambiri ndi rock and roll, Stallman ankamvetsera nyimbo zapamwamba. Wokonda wodzipereka wa magazini yopeka ya sayansi misala ndi mapulogalamu a pawailesi yakanema usiku, Richard sanaganize zokhala ndi aliyense, ndipo izi zidachulukitsa kusamvana pakati pa iye ndi omwe amamuzungulira, osapatula makolo ake omwe.

"Ndipo ziwerengero izi! - Alice akufuula, mokondwera ndi kukumbukira za unyamata wa mwana wake, "pa chakudya sunganene mawu popanda iye kubwezera kwa inu, atawasewera ndi kuwapotoza ku gehena."

Kunja kwa banja, Stallman adasunga nthabwala zake kwa akuluakulu omwe amamvera talente yake. Mmodzi mwa anthu oyambirira oterowo m’moyo wake anali mphunzitsi pa msasa wachilimwe, amene anampatsa bukhu loŵerenga la kompyuta ya IBM 7094. Richard anali ndi zaka 8 kapena 9 panthawiyo. Kwa mwana amene ankakonda kwambiri masamu ndi sayansi ya pakompyuta, imeneyi inali mphatso yeniyeni yochokera kwa Mulungu. . Nthawi yochepa kwambiri inadutsa, ndipo Richard anali kulemba kale mapulogalamu a IBM 7094, komabe, pamapepala okha, popanda ngakhale kuyembekezera kuti ayambe kuyendetsa pa kompyuta yeniyeni. Anangochita chidwi ndi kulemba malangizo angapo kuti agwire ntchito inayake. Pamene maganizo ake pa mapologalamu anatha, Richard anayamba kutembenukira kwa aphunzitsi ake kuti awathandize.

Makompyuta oyamba adawonekera patatha zaka 10, kotero Stallman amayenera kudikirira zaka zambiri kuti apeze mwayi wogwira ntchito pakompyuta. Komabe, tsoka linamupatsa mwayi: m'chaka chake chomaliza cha sekondale, New York IBM Research Center inapempha Richard kuti apange pulogalamu - preprocessor ya PL/1, yomwe ingawonjezere luso logwira ntchito ndi algebra ya tensor ku chinenero. . "Ndinayamba kulemba preprocessor iyi mu PL/1, kenako ndidayilembanso m'chinenero cha msonkhano chifukwa pulogalamu ya PL/1 inali yaikulu kwambiri kuti isagwirizane ndi makompyuta," akukumbukira motero Stallman.

Chilimwe Richard atamaliza sukulu, IBM Research Center inamupempha kuti agwire ntchito. Ntchito yoyamba yomwe adapatsidwa inali pulogalamu yosanthula manambala ku Fortran. Stallman adalemba m'milungu ingapo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adadana ndi Fortran kotero kuti adalumbirira kuti sadzakhudzanso chilankhulochi. Anakhala nthawi yonse yachilimwe akulemba mkonzi wa zolemba mu APL.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, Stallman ankagwira ntchito ngati wothandizira labotale ku dipatimenti ya biology ya Rockefeller University. Malingaliro osanthula a Richard adachita chidwi kwambiri ndi mkulu wa labotale, ndipo adayembekezera kuti Stallman azichita ntchito yanzeru kwambiri pazamoyo. Patapita zaka zingapo, pamene Richard anali kale ku koleji, m'nyumba ya Alice Lippman belu linalira. “Anali profesa yemweyo wa ku Rockefeller, mkulu wa labotale,” akutero Lippman, “anafuna kudziŵa mmene mwana wanga anali kukhalira. Ndinamuuza kuti Richard amagwira ntchito ndi makompyuta, ndipo pulofesayo anadabwa kwambiri. Iye ankaganiza kuti Richard akuyamba ntchito ya sayansi ndi mphamvu zake zonse.”

Luntha la Stallman linachititsanso chidwi aphunzitsi a pulogalamu ya Columbia, ngakhale kuti adakwiyitsa ambiri. Breidbart anati: “Kaŵirikaŵiri anali kulakwa kamodzi kapena kaŵiri m’nkhaniyo, ndipo Stallman ankawawongolera nthaŵi zonse,” akukumbukira motero Breidbart, “chotero ulemu wa luntha lake ndi chidani chake kwa Richard mwiniyo unakula.”

Stallman akumwetulira mwanzeru atatchula mawu awa ochokera kwa Briedbart. Iye anavomereza kuti: “N’zoona kuti nthawi zina ndinkachita zinthu ngati munthu wachabechabe, koma pamapeto pake zinandithandiza kupeza anthu okondana pakati pa aphunzitsi amenenso ankakonda kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano ndi kuwongolera chidziŵitso chawo. Ophunzira, monga lamulo, sanalole kuwongolera mphunzitsi. Ngakhale poyera.

Kucheza ndi ana apamwamba Loweruka kunapangitsa Stallman kuganizira za ubwino wa maubwenzi ochezera. Ndi koleji ikuyandikira mwachangu, adayenera kusankha komwe angaphunzire, ndipo Stallman, monga ambiri omwe adatenga nawo gawo mu Columbia Science Achievement Program, adachepetsa kusankha kwake mayunivesite awiri: Harvard ndi MIT. Lippman atamva kuti mwana wake akuganiza zolembetsa ku yunivesite ya Ivy League, adayamba kuda nkhawa. Ali ndi zaka 15, Stallman anapitiriza kumenyana ndi aphunzitsi ndi akuluakulu. Chaka m'mbuyomo, iye analandira magiredi apamwamba mu mbiri American, chemistry, masamu ndi French, koma English analandira "kulephera" - Richard anapitiriza kunyalanyaza ntchito yolembedwa. MIT ndi mayunivesite ena ambiri amatha kunyalanyaza zonsezi, koma osati ku Harvard. Stallman anali woyenera kuyunivesite iyi malinga ndi luntha, ndipo sanakwaniritse zofunikira za chilangocho.

Katswiri wa zamaganizo, amene anaona Richard chifukwa cha masewero ake kusukulu ya pulayimale, ananena kuti atenge maphunziro a kuyunivesite oyesa, kutanthauza, chaka chonse pasukulu iliyonse ku New York popanda magiredi olakwika kapena kukangana ndi aphunzitsi. Chifukwa chake Stallman adatenga makalasi achilimwe muzaumunthu mpaka kugwa, kenako adabwerera kusukulu yake yapamwamba ku West 84th Street School. Zinali zovuta kwambiri kwa iye, koma Lippman ananena monyadira kuti mwana wake anatha kupirira yekha.

Iye anati: “Iye anagonja pamlingo winawake, “ndinangoitanidwa kamodzi kokha chifukwa cha Richard—iye nthaŵi zonse ankauza mphunzitsi wa masamu kuti pali zolakwika. Ndinafunsa kuti: 'Kodi ali bwino?' Mphunzitsiyo anayankha kuti: 'Inde, koma apo ayi ambiri sangamvetse umboniwo.'

Kumapeto kwa semesita yake yoyamba, Stallman adapeza 96 mu Chingerezi ndipo adapeza ma marks apamwamba mu mbiri ya America, microbiology, ndi masamu apamwamba. Mu physics, adapeza mfundo 100 mwa zana. Anali m'gulu la atsogoleri a kalasilo pankhani ya maphunziro, ndipo akadali mlendo yemweyo m'moyo wake.

Richard anapitirizabe kupita ku maphunziro owonjezera ndi chidwi chachikulu; ntchito mu labotale ya biologically inamusangalatsa, ndipo sankasamala kwenikweni zomwe zinkachitika pafupi naye. Ali paulendo wopita ku yunivesite ya Columbia, adakankhira njira yake mofulumira komanso modekha kudutsa makamu a anthu odutsa ndi kupyolera mu ziwonetsero zotsutsa nkhondo ya Vietnam. Tsiku lina anapita ku msonkhano wamwambo wa ophunzira anzake a ku Columbia. Aliyense anali kukambirana za komwe kukanakhala bwino kupita.

Monga Braidbard akukumbukira, "Zowona, ophunzira ambiri amapita ku Harvard ndi MIT, koma ena adasankha masukulu ena a Ivy League. Ndiyeno wina anafunsa Stallman kumene amapita kusukulu. Pamene Richard anayankha kuti akupita ku Harvard, aliyense mwa njira ina adakhazika mtima pansi ndipo anayamba kuyang'anana. Richard anamwetulira mosazindikira, ngati akunena kuti: “Inde, inde, sitikusiyanabe!”

Source: linux.org.ru