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Pepani Mulungu
Ubwenzi wovuta ndi amayi ake sunalepheretse Richard kuti atengere chilakolako chake cha ndale zopita patsogolo. Koma izi sizinawonekere nthawi yomweyo. Zaka zoyamba za moyo wake zinali zopanda ndale. Monga momwe Stallman mwiniwake amanenera, ankakhala m'malo "opanda ndale." Pansi pa Eisenhower, anthu ambiri a ku America sanadzilemeretse okha ndi mavuto apadziko lonse, koma adangoyesera kubwerera ku moyo wamba waumunthu pambuyo pa zaka za 40, zodzaza ndi mdima ndi nkhanza. Banja la Stallman linalinso chimodzimodzi.
Lippman akukumbukira zaka za m’banja lawo ku Queens kuti: “Ine ndi abambo ake a Richard tinali a Democrats, koma sitinkachita nawo ndale za m’derali komanso m’dzikolo. Tinali okondwa kwambiri ndi kukhutira ndi dongosolo la zinthu lomwe linalipo.”
Chilichonse chinayamba kusintha chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 50, Alice ndi Daniel Stallman atasudzulana. Kubwerera ku Manhattan kunali kopitilira kusintha kwa adilesi. Kunali kutsazikana ndi moyo wabata ndi kudzikonzanso mwa njira yatsopano, yodziimira.
Lippman anati: “Ndikuganiza kuti chimene chinandichititsa kudzuka kwa ndale chinali pamene ndinapita ku laibulale ya anthu onse ku Queens n’kupeza buku limodzi lokha lonena za chisudzulo,” akutero Lippman. . Ndikuganiza kuti aka kanali koyamba kuti maso anga atseguke n’kuona mphamvu zimene zimalamulira moyo wathu.”
Alice atabwerera ku Upper West Side ku Manhattan, komwe ankakhala ali mwana, anadabwa kwambiri ndi mmene zinthu zinasinthira m’zaka 15 zapitazi. Kufuna kwamphamvu kwa nyumba pambuyo pa nkhondo kunapangitsa derali kukhala bwalo lankhondo zowopsa zandale. Kumbali ina kunali otukula malonda ndi akuluakulu okhudzidwa omwe ankafuna kukonzanso dera lonselo, kulisandutsa malo aakulu okhalamo antchito oyera. Anatsutsidwa ndi osauka aku Ireland ndi Puerto Rican, omwe sanafune kusiya nyumba zawo zotsika mtengo.
Poyamba, Lippman sankadziwa kuti asankhe mbali iti. Monga wokhala watsopano m'derali, adakonda lingaliro la nyumba zatsopano zokhala ndi zipinda zazikulu. Koma pankhani yazachuma, Alice anali pafupi kwambiri ndi osauka akumeneko - ndalama zochepa zomwe mayi wosakwatiwa amapeza sizikanamulola kuti azikhala pafupi ndi ogwira ntchito muofesi ndi antchito. Zolinga zonse zachitukuko chapafupi zinali zolunjika kwa anthu olemera, ndipo izi zidakwiyitsa Lippman. Anayamba kufunafuna njira zolimbana ndi gulu la ndale lomwe likufuna kusandutsa dera lake kukhala mapasa a Upper East Side.
Koma choyamba tinkafunikira kupezera Richard sukulu ya kindergarten. Atafika kusukulu ina ya ana aang’ono ya mabanja osauka, Alice anadabwa kwambiri ndi mmene anawo analili. "Ndinakumbukira fungo la mkaka wowawasa, makonde akuda ndi zida zochepa kwambiri. Koma ndinali ndi mwayi wogwira ntchito ya uphunzitsi m’masukulu a kindergarten. Ndi kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi basi. Zinandikhumudwitsa ndipo zinandikakamiza kuchitapo kanthu.”
Munali 1958. Alice adapita ku likulu la chipani cha Democratic Party komweko, wotsimikiza mtima kukopa chidwi cha anthu osauka. Komabe, ulendo umenewu unangokhumudwitsa basi. M’chipinda momwe utsi ukhoza kupachika nkhwangwa, Lippman anayamba kukayikira kuti chidani cha anthu osauka chikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi ndale zachinyengo. Ndicho chifukwa chake sanapitenso kumeneko. Alice adaganiza zolowa nawo m'gulu limodzi mwamagulu ambiri andale omwe cholinga chake ndi kusintha kwakukulu mu Democratic Party. Lippman pamodzi ndi ena a gulu lotchedwa Woodrow Wilson Democratic Reform Alliance anayamba kupezeka pamisonkhano ya m’tauni ndi m’misonkhano ya anthu onse ndi kukakamiza anthu kuti alowe nawo ndale.
"Tinawona cholinga chathu chachikulu ndikumenyana ndi Tammany Hall, gulu lodziwika bwino la Democratic Party ku New York, lomwe panthawiyo linali la Carmine de Sapio ndi omutsatira ake. Ndinakhala woimira boma ku khonsolo ya mzindawo, ndipo ndidatenga nawo gawo popanga dongosolo lowoneka bwino losinthira derali, lomwe silingachedwe kukulikulitsa ndi nyumba zapamwamba, "akutero Lippman.
M’zaka za m’ma 60, ntchitoyi inakula kukhala ntchito yaikulu yandale. Pofika m'chaka cha 1965, Alice anali wodziwika bwino komanso wochirikiza ndale monga William Fitz Ryan, Congressman wa Democratic yemwe adasankhidwa ndi mphamvu ya chithandizo chake champhamvu pazochitika zosintha zipani komanso yemwe anali mmodzi mwa oyamba kutsutsana ndi nkhondo ya Vietnam.
Posakhalitsa, Alice adakhalanso wotsutsa kwambiri mfundo za boma la America ku Indochina. Iye anati: “Ndinkalimbana ndi nkhondo ya ku Vietnam kuyambira pamene Kennedy anatumiza asilikali kunkhondo, ndinawerenga malipoti ndi malipoti okhudza zimene zinkachitika kumeneko. Ndipo ndinali wotsimikiza kotheratu kuti kuwukira kumeneku kudzatikokera m’thanthwe lowopsa.”
Kutsutsa boma la America kumeneku kunalowanso m’banjamo. Mu 1967, Alice anakwatiranso, ndipo mwamuna wake watsopano, Maurice Lippman, wamkulu wa Air Force, anasiya ntchito yake kuti asonyeze maganizo ake pa nkhondo. Mwana wake Andrew Lippman adaphunzira ku MIT ndipo sanalembetsedwe mpaka kumapeto kwa maphunziro ake. Koma ngati mkanganowo ukulirakulira, kuyimitsako kutha kuthetsedwa, zomwe zidachitika. Potsirizira pake, chiwopsezo chinamgweranso Richard, amene, ngakhale kuti anali adakali wamng’ono kwambiri kaamba ka utumiki, akanatha kukathera kumeneko m’tsogolo.
Alice akukumbukira kuti: “Nkhani ya Vietnam inali nkhani yaikulu m’nyumba mwathu, tinkangokhalira kukambirana za zimene zingachitike ngati nkhondo ikapitirira, zimene ife ndi ana tingafunikire kuchita ngati atalembedwa usilikali. Tonse tinali otsutsana ndi nkhondo ndi kulowa usilikali. Tinali otsimikiza kuti zinali zoopsa. "
Kwa Richard mwiniyo, nkhondo ya ku Vietnam inayambitsa mkuntho wonse wa maganizo, pamene malingaliro akuluakulu anali chisokonezo, mantha ndi kuzindikira kuti alibe mphamvu pamaso pa ndale. Stallman sakanatha kugwirizana ndi ulamuliro wofewa komanso wocheperako wa sukulu yachinsinsi, ndipo lingaliro la maphunziro a usilikali linamupangitsa kunjenjemera. Anali wotsimikiza kuti sangadutse izi ndikukhalabe wanzeru.
"Mantha anandiwononga kwenikweni, koma ndinalibe lingaliro ngakhale pang'ono la choti ndichite, ndinkachita mantha kupita kuchionetsero," Stallman akukumbukira tsiku lobadwa lomwelo pa March 16, pamene anapatsidwa tikiti yowopsya yauchikulire. kupita ku Canada kapena ku Sweden, koma sizinagwirizane ndi mutu wanga. Kodi ndingatani kuti ndichite zimenezi? Sindinkadziwa chilichonse chokhudza moyo wodziimira. Pankhani imeneyi, sindinadzitsimikizire nkomwe.” Kumene, iye anapatsidwa deferment kuphunzira pa yunivesite - mmodzi wa otsiriza, ndiye boma American anasiya kuwapatsa - koma zaka zingapo izi zidzatha mofulumira, ndipo chochita ndiye?
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Source: linux.org.ru