Zaulere monga mu Ufulu mu Chirasha: Mutu 1. Printer Fatal

Zaulere monga mu Ufulu mu Chirasha: Chaputala 2. 2001: A Hacker Odyssey

Zaulere monga mu Ufulu mu Chirasha: Chaputala 3. Chithunzi cha wowononga ali wachinyamata

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Ufulu monga mu Ufulu mu Chirasha: Chaputala 5. Kachidutswa kakang'ono ka ufulu

Emacs commune

Laboratory ya AI mu 70s inali malo apadera, aliyense adavomereza izi. Kafukufuku wotsogola adachitika apa, akatswiri amphamvu kwambiri adagwira ntchito pano, kotero Laboratory idamveka nthawi zonse m'makompyuta. Ndipo chikhalidwe chake cha owononga ndi mzimu wopanduka zinapanga aura ya malo opatulika mozungulira iye. Pokhapokha pamene asayansi ambiri ndi "opanga mapulogalamu a rock" adachoka mu Laboratory m'pamene obera adazindikira momwe dziko lapansi linalili lopeka komanso losasinthika.

"Labuyo inali ngati Edeni kwa ife," akutero Stallman m'nkhaniyo. Forbes 1998, "Sizinachitikepo kuti aliyense azidzipatula kwa antchito ena m'malo mogwira ntchito limodzi."

Mafotokozedwe oterowo mu mzimu wa nthano amatsindika mfundo yofunika kwambiri: 9th floor ya Technosquare inali ya owononga ambiri osati malo ogwira ntchito, komanso nyumba.

Liwu lakuti “kunyumba” linagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi Richard Stallman mwiniwake, ndipo timadziŵa bwino lomwe mmene aliri wolondola ndi wosamala m’mawu ake. Atadutsa Cold War ndi makolo ake omwe, Richard akukhulupirirabe kuti Currier House, malo ake ogona ku Harvard, analibe nyumba. Malingana ndi iye, m'zaka zake za Harvard adazunzidwa ndi mantha amodzi okha - kuthamangitsidwa. Ndinakayikira kuti wophunzira wanzeru ngati Stallman anali pachiwopsezo chosiya sukulu. Koma Richard anandikumbutsa za mavuto ake a mwambo.

"Harvard amayamikiradi kulanga, ndipo ngati muphonya kalasi, mudzafunsidwa kuchoka," adatero.

Atamaliza maphunziro ake ku Harvard, Stallman anataya ufulu wake wokhala m’chipinda chogona, ndipo sanafune konse kubwerera kwa makolo ake ku New York. Chifukwa chake adatsata njira yomwe Greenblatt, Gosper, Sussman ndi ena ambiri owononga - adapita kusukulu ya MIT, adachita lendi chipinda chapafupi ku Cambridge, ndipo adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake yambiri ku AI Lab. M’nkhani yake mu 1986, Richard anafotokoza nthaŵi imeneyi:

Mwina ndili ndi chifukwa chochulukirapo kuposa ena chonenera kuti ndimakhala mu Laboratory, chifukwa chaka chilichonse kapena ziwiri ndimataya nyumba yanga pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndimakhala mu Laboratory kwa miyezi ingapo. Ndipo nthawi zonse ndinkakhala womasuka kwambiri kumeneko, makamaka m’nyengo yotentha, chifukwa mkatimo munali ozizira. Koma mwachizoloŵezi, zinali m’dongosolo la zinthu zimene anthu anagonera mu Laboratory usiku wonse, kokha chifukwa cha changu chaukali chimene tonsefe tinali nacho. Wowononga nthawi zina sakanatha kuyimitsa ndikugwira ntchito pakompyuta mpaka atatopa, kenako adakwawira kumalo otsetsereka apafupi. Mwachidule, malo omasuka kwambiri, apakhomo.

Koma mkhalidwe wapakhomo umenewu nthaŵi zina umabweretsa mavuto. Zomwe ena ankaziona ngati nyumba, ena ankaziwona ngati phanga la opium yamagetsi. M'buku lake la Computer Power and Human Motivation, wofufuza wa MIT a Joseph Weizenbaum anadzudzula mwamphamvu "kuphulika kwa makompyuta," mawu ake okhudza kufalikira kwa malo apakompyuta monga AI Lab ndi obera. Weizenbaum analemba kuti: “Zovala zawo zamakwinya, tsitsi lawo losachapidwa ndiponso nkhope zosameta zimasonyeza kuti asiya kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ndipo sakufuna kuona kumene zimenezi zingawatsogolere.

Pafupifupi kotala la zaka zana pambuyo pake, Stallman akukwiyabe akamva mawu a Weizenbaum akuti: "mikwingwirima yamakompyuta." "Akufuna kuti tonse tikhale akatswiri - kuchita ntchito ya ndalama, kudzuka ndi kuchoka pa nthawi yoikidwiratu, kuchotsa chirichonse chokhudzana ndi izo m'mitu yathu," akutero Stallman mwaukali, ngati kuti Weizenbaum ali pafupi. angamumve, “koma chimene iye amachilingalira kukhala mkhalidwe wamba wa zinthu, ndimaona ngati tsoka lomvetsa chisoni.”

Komabe, moyo wa wobera umakhalanso wopanda tsoka. Richard mwiniwake akunena kuti kusintha kwake kuchokera ku hacker kumapeto kwa sabata kupita ku 24/7 hacker ndi zotsatira za mndandanda wonse wa zochitika zowawa ali wamng'ono, zomwe akanatha kuthawa mu chisangalalo cha kuwombera. Ululu woyamba woterewu udamaliza maphunziro awo ku Harvard; zidasintha kwambiri moyo wanthawi zonse, wodekha. Stallman anapita kusukulu ya MIT mu dipatimenti ya sayansi kuti atsatire mapazi a greats Richard Feynman, William Shockley ndi Murray Gehl-Mann, ndipo sayenera kuyendetsa mailosi awiri owonjezera kupita ku AI Lab ndi PDP- yatsopano. 2. Stallman anati:

Kuwerenga fizikisi masana ndikubera usiku, Richard adayesetsa kukwaniritsa bwino. Chimake cha kusintha kwa geek uku chinali misonkhano ya mlungu ndi mlungu ya kalabu yovina ya anthu. Uku kunali kugwirizana kwake kokha ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso dziko la anthu wamba. Komabe, chakumapeto kwa chaka chake choyamba ku MIT, tsoka linachitika - Richard anavulala bondo ndipo sanathe kuvina. Iye ankaganiza kuti zinali zosakhalitsa ndipo anapitiriza kupita ku kalabu, kumvetsera nyimbo, ndi kucheza ndi anzake. Koma chilimwe chinatha, bondo langa likupwetekabe ndipo mwendo wanga sunali kugwira bwino ntchito. Kenako Stallman anayamba kukayikira komanso kuda nkhawa. “Ndinazindikira kuti sikukhala bwino,” akukumbukira motero, “ndi kuti sindidzakhozanso kuvina. Zangondipha basi."

Popanda dorm la Harvard komanso popanda kuvina, chilengedwe cha Stallman chinalowa m'malo. Kuvina kunali chinthu chokha chomwe sichinangomugwirizanitsa ndi anthu, komanso chinamupatsa mwayi weniweni wokumana ndi akazi. Kusavina kumatanthauza kuti palibe chibwenzi, ndipo izi zinakwiyitsa kwambiri Richard.

“Nthaŵi zambiri ndinali wopsinjika maganizo kotheratu,” akulongosola motero Richard nthaŵi imeneyi, “ndinalephera ndipo sindinkafuna kalikonse kusiyapo kubera. Kutaya mtima kwathunthu. "

Anatsala pang'ono kusiya kupyola malire ndi dziko, kudzipereka yekha mu ntchito. Pofika mu Okutobala 1975, anali atasiya sayansi ndi maphunziro ake ku MIT. Kupanga mapulogalamu kwasintha kuchoka pamasewera kukhala chinthu chachikulu komanso chokhacho chamoyo wanga.

Richard tsopano akuti zinali zosapeŵeka. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kulira kwa siren kuti kubera kudzagonjetsa zokhumba zina zonse. “Mu masamu ndi physics, sindikanatha kupanga china chake changa; sindingathe ngakhale kulingalira momwe zimachitikira. Ndinangophatikiza zomwe zidapangidwa kale, ndipo izi sizinandigwirizane ndi ine. M'mapulogalamu, ndinamvetsetsa nthawi yomweyo momwe ndingapangire zinthu zatsopano, ndipo chofunika kwambiri ndikuwona nthawi yomweyo kuti zimagwira ntchito komanso zothandiza. Zimabweretsa chisangalalo chachikulu, ndipo mukufuna kupanga pulogalamu mobwerezabwereza. "

Stallman si woyamba kugwirizanitsa kubera ndi chisangalalo chachikulu. Obera ambiri a AI Lab amadzitamanso maphunziro osiyidwa ndi madigiri omaliza mu masamu kapena uinjiniya wamagetsi - chifukwa chakuti zilakolako zonse zamaphunziro zidamira m'chisangalalo cha mapulogalamu. Iwo amanena kuti Thomas Aquinas, kupyolera mu maphunziro ake otentheka a maphunziro, anadzibweretsa yekha ku masomphenya ndi lingaliro la Mulungu. Obera adafikanso m'maiko omwewo pafupi ndi chisangalalo chosaneneka atayang'ana njira zenizeni kwa maola ambiri. Ichi mwina ndi chifukwa chake Stallman ndi hackers ambiri anapewa mankhwala - pambuyo maola makumi awiri kuwakhadzula, iwo anali ngati kuti anali okwera.

Source: linux.org.ru