Zaulere monga mu Ufulu mu Chirasha: Mutu 1. Printer Fatal

Zaulere monga mu Ufulu mu Chirasha: Chaputala 2. 2001: A Hacker Odyssey

Zaulere monga mu Ufulu mu Chirasha: Chaputala 3. Chithunzi cha wowononga ali wachinyamata

Ufulu monga mu Ufulu mu Chirasha: Mutu 4. Debunk God

Ufulu monga mu Ufulu mu Chirasha: Chaputala 5. Kachidutswa kakang'ono ka ufulu

Zaulere monga mu Ufulu mu Chirasha: Chaputala 6. Emacs Commune

Vuto la makhalidwe abwino

Pakati pa hafu pasiti khumi ndi ziwiri usiku wa September 27, 1983, uthenga wachilendo udawonekera mu gulu la Usenet net.unix-wizards losaina rms@mit-oz. Mutu wa uthengawo unali waufupi komanso wokopa kwambiri: "Kukhazikitsa kwatsopano kwa UNIX." Koma m'malo mwa mtundu watsopano wa Unix, wowerenga adapeza foni:

Thanksgiving iyi, ndikuyamba kulemba makina atsopano, ogwirizana ndi Unix otchedwa GNU (GNU's Not Unix). Ndidzagawira mwaulere kwa aliyense. Ndikufuna nthawi yanu, ndalama, code, zida - thandizo lililonse.

Kwa wopanga Unix wodziwa zambiri, uthengawo unali wosakanizika wamalingaliro ndi kudzikonda. Wolembayo sanangoganiza zopanganso makina onse ogwiritsira ntchito, apamwamba kwambiri komanso amphamvu, komanso kukonza bwino. Dongosolo la GNU limayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zonse zofunika monga cholembera, chipolopolo cholamula, chophatikiza, komanso "zinthu zina zingapo." Adalonjezanso zinthu zowoneka bwino zomwe sizinalipo m'makina omwe analipo a Unix: mawonekedwe azithunzi muchilankhulo cha pulogalamu ya Lisp, fayilo yololera zolakwika, ma protocol a netiweki potengera kapangidwe ka MIT network.

"GNU idzatha kuyendetsa mapulogalamu a Unix, koma sadzakhala ofanana ndi dongosolo la Unix," wolembayo analemba kuti, "Tidzakonza zonse zofunika zomwe zakula pazaka zambiri za ntchito pa machitidwe osiyanasiyana."

Poyembekezera kukayikira kwa uthenga wake, wolembayo adawonjezeranso ndikusintha kwakanthawi kochepa kokhudza mbiri ya moyo wake pansi pamutu wakuti: "Ndine ndani?":

Ndine Richard Stallman, mlengi wa mkonzi woyambirira wa EMACS, m'modzi mwazinthu zomwe mwina mwakumana nazo. Ndimagwira ntchito ku MIT AI Lab. Ndili ndi chidziwitso chochuluka pakupanga ma compilers, editors, debuggers, otanthauzira malamulo, ITS ndi Lisp Machine machitidwe opangira. Kukhazikitsa chithandizo chazithunzi chodziyimira pawokha mu ITS, komanso fayilo yololera zolakwika ndi mawindo awiri a makina a Lisp.

Zinangochitika kuti ntchito yodabwitsa ya Stallman sinayambe pa Tsiku lakuthokoza, monga momwe analonjezera. Sizinafike Januwale 1984 pomwe Richard adalowa molunjika pakupanga mapulogalamu amtundu wa Unix. Kuyang'ana womanga makina a ITS, zinali ngati kuchoka pomanga nyumba zachifumu zachiMoor mpaka kumanga malo ogulitsira akumidzi. Komabe, chitukuko cha dongosolo Unix anaperekanso ubwino. ITS, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zonse, inali ndi mfundo yofooka - idangogwira ntchito pa kompyuta ya PDP-10 kuchokera ku DEC. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80, Laboratory inasiya PDP-10, ndipo ITS, yomwe amabera poyerekeza ndi mzinda wotanganidwa kwambiri, inakhala tawuni yamatsenga. Komano, Unix idapangidwa ndi diso kuti lizitha kusuntha kuchokera pamapangidwe apakompyuta kupita ku ena, kotero kuti zovuta zotere sizidawopseza. Wopangidwa ndi ofufuza achichepere ku AT&T, Unix idatsika pansi pa radar yamakampani ndikupeza nyumba yabata m'dziko lopanda phindu la akasinja oganiza. Ndi zinthu zochepa kuposa abale awo owononga ku MIT, opanga Unix adasintha makina awo kuti ayendetse malo osungiramo nyama osiyanasiyana. Makamaka pa 16-bit PDP-11, omwe ma hackers a Lab amawona kuti ndi osayenera ntchito zazikulu, komanso pa mainframes a 32-bit ngati VAX 11/780. Pofika m'chaka cha 1983, makampani monga Sun Microsystems anali atapanga makompyuta apakompyuta ocheperako - "malo ogwirira ntchito" - ofanana ndi mphamvu zakale za PDP-10. Unix yodziwika bwino idakhazikikanso pamalowa.

Kusunthika kwa Unix kunaperekedwa ndi gawo lowonjezera lachidule pakati pa mapulogalamu ndi zida. M'malo molemba mapulogalamu pamakina a makompyuta enaake, monga momwe owononga Lab adachitira popanga mapulogalamu a ITS pa PDP-10, opanga Unix adagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chapamwamba kwambiri cha C, chomwe sichinamangirizidwe ku nsanja inayake ya hardware. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, okonzawo adayang'ana pa kukhazikika kwa ma interfaces omwe mbali za machitidwe opangira opaleshoni zimayenderana. Chotsatira chake chinali dongosolo limene gawo lirilonse likhoza kukonzedwanso popanda kukhudza mbali zina zonse komanso popanda kusokoneza ntchito yawo. Ndipo kuti asamutsire dongosolo kuchokera ku zomangamanga za hardware kupita ku zina, zinalinso zokwanira kukonzanso gawo limodzi la dongosolo, osati kulilembanso kwathunthu. Akatswiri adayamikira mulingo wodabwitsawu komanso wosavuta, kotero Unix idafalikira padziko lonse lapansi pamakompyuta.

Stallman adaganiza zopanga dongosolo la GNU chifukwa cha kutha kwa ITS, wokonda ubongo wa owononga AI Lab. Imfa ya ITS idawapweteka kwambiri, kuphatikiza Richard. Ngati nkhani yokhala ndi chosindikizira cha Xerox laser idatsegula maso ake ku kupanda chilungamo kwa malayisensi eni ake, ndiye kuti imfa ya ITS idamukankhira kuchoka ku chidani kupita ku mapulogalamu otsekedwa kuti atsutse.

Zifukwa za kufa kwa ITS, monga code yake, zimapita m'mbuyomu. Pofika m'chaka cha 1980, ambiri mwa obera a Lab anali akugwira kale ntchito pamakina a Lisp ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito.

Lisp ndi chiyankhulo chokongola chomwe chili choyenera kugwira ntchito ndi data yomwe kapangidwe kake sikudziwika pasadakhale. Zinapangidwa ndi mpainiya wa kafukufuku wanzeru zopangapanga komanso wopanga mawu akuti "nzeru zopanga" John McCarthy, yemwe adagwira ntchito ku MIT mu theka lachiwiri la 50s. Dzina la chinenerochi ndi chidule cha "LIST Processing" kapena "list processing". McCarthy atachoka ku MIT kupita ku Stanford, obera a Lab adasintha Lisp pang'ono, ndikupanga chilankhulo cha komweko MACLISP, pomwe zilembo zitatu zoyambirira zidayimira projekiti ya MAC, chifukwa chake, AI ​​Laboratory ku MIT idawonekera. Motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga Richard Greenblatt, owononga a Lab adapanga makina a Lisp - kompyuta yapadera yopangira mapulogalamu ku Lisp, komanso makina ogwiritsira ntchito pakompyuta iyi - komanso, yolembedwa ku Lisp.

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80, magulu ochita mpikisano akuba anali atayambitsa makampani awiri omwe amapanga ndi kugulitsa makina a Lisp. Kampani ya Greenblatt inkatchedwa Lisp Machines Incorporated, kapena kungoti LMI. Amayembekeza kuchita popanda ndalama zakunja ndikupanga "kampani yowononga". Koma ambiri mwa obera adalowa nawo ma Symbolics, omwe amayambira malonda. Mu 1982, adachoka ku MIT.

Otsalawo amatha kuwerengedwa pa zala za dzanja limodzi, kotero kuti mapulogalamu ndi makina adatenga nthawi yaitali kuti akonze, kapena sanakonzedwe konse. Ndipo choipitsitsa koposa, malinga ndi kunena kwa Stallman, “kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu” kunayambira ku Laboratory. Hackers, omwe kale anali ochepa, adatsala pang'ono kutha, akusiya Laboratory ali ndi aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira, omwe maganizo awo pa PDP-10 anali odana poyera.

Mu 1982, AI Lab inalandira m'malo mwa PDP-12 wazaka 10 - DECSYSTEM 20. Mapulogalamu olembera PDP-10 adathamanga popanda mavuto pa kompyuta yatsopano, chifukwa DECSYSTEM 20 inali PDP yosinthidwa. -10, koma yakaleyo makina opangira opaleshoni sanali oyenera konse - ITS idayenera kutumizidwa ku kompyuta yatsopano, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi kulembedwanso. Ndipo iyi ndi nthawi yomwe pafupifupi ma hackers onse omwe angachite izi achoka ku Laboratory. Chifukwa chake makina opangira malonda a Twenex adatenga mwachangu kompyuta yatsopanoyo. Obera ochepa omwe adatsalira ku MIT amangovomereza izi.

Mamembala a faculty ndi ana asukulu anati: “Popanda obera kupanga ndi kusamalira makina ogwiritsira ntchito, sitingathe.” “Tikufuna dongosolo lazamalonda lochirikizidwa ndi kampani ina kuti lithe kuthetsa mavuto ndi dongosololi lokha.” Stallman akukumbukira kuti mkangano umenewu unakhala wolakwa kwambiri, koma panthaŵiyo unamveka wokhutiritsa.

Poyamba, obera adawona Twenex ngati thupi lina labungwe lolamulira lomwe limafuna kuswa. Ngakhale dzinali likuwonetsa chidani cha owononga - kwenikweni, dongosololi limatchedwa TOPS-20, kuwonetsa kupitiliza ndi TOPS-10, komanso dongosolo lamalonda la DEC la PDP-10. Koma mwamamangidwe, TOPS-20 inalibe chilichonse chofanana ndi TOPS-10. Zinapangidwa kutengera dongosolo la Tenex, lomwe Bolt, Beranek ndi Newman adapanga PDP-10. . Stallman adayamba kuyitcha "Twenex" kuti apewe kuyitcha TOPS-20. "Dongosololi linali kutali ndi mayankho apamwamba, kotero sindikanatha kulitchula dzina lake," akukumbukira motero Stallman, "chotero ndidayika chilembo cha 'w' mu 'Tenex' kuti chikhale 'Twenex'." (Dzina ili limasewera pa mawu oti "makumi awiri", kutanthauza "makumi awiri")

Kompyuta yomwe idayendetsa Twenex/TOPS-20 idatchedwa "Oz." Chowonadi ndi chakuti DECSYSTEM 20 inkafuna makina ang'onoang'ono a PDP-11 kuti agwiritse ntchito terminal. Wobera wina, pomwe adawona koyamba PDP-11 yolumikizidwa ndi kompyutayi, adafanizira ndi machitidwe odzikuza a Wizard of Oz. “Ine ndine Oz wamkulu ndi woopsa! - iye anawerenga. "Osayang'ana zokazinga zazing'ono zomwe ndikugwira ntchito."

Koma panalibe chilichonse choseketsa mu makina opangira makompyuta atsopano. Chitetezo ndi kuwongolera kolowera zidamangidwa mu Twenex pamlingo woyambira, ndipo zida zake zogwiritsira ntchito zidapangidwanso ndi chitetezo m'malingaliro. Nthabwala zonyoza zachitetezo cha Lab zasintha kukhala nkhondo yayikulu pakuwongolera makompyuta. Oyang'anira adatsutsa kuti popanda machitidwe achitetezo, Twenex ingakhale yosakhazikika komanso yokonda zolakwika. Obera adatsimikizira kuti kukhazikika ndi kudalirika zitha kupezedwa mwachangu posintha magwero a dongosolo. Koma mu Laboratory anali ochepa kwambiri moti palibe amene anawamvera.

Obera adaganiza kuti atha kuzungulira zoletsa zachitetezo popatsa ogwiritsa ntchito "mwayi wowongolera" - ufulu wapamwamba womwe umawapatsa kuthekera kochita zinthu zambiri zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito wamba saloledwa kuchita. Koma pamenepa, wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense akhoza kuchotsa "mwayi wotsogolera" kwa wina aliyense, ndipo sakanatha kuwabwezera kwa iyemwini chifukwa chosowa ufulu wopeza. Chifukwa chake, obera adaganiza zowongolera dongosololi pochotsa "mwayi wowongolera" kwa aliyense kupatula iwowo.

Kungoganizira mawu achinsinsi ndikuyendetsa debugger pomwe dongosolo likuyambira silinachite chilichonse. Walephera mu "coup d'etat", Stallman adatumiza uthenga kwa onse ogwira ntchito ku Laboratory.

“Mpaka tsopano olemekezeka anali atagonjetsedwa,” iye analemba motero, “koma tsopano apambana, ndipo kuyesa kulanda ulamuliro kwalephera.” Richard anasaina uthenga wakuti: “Radio Free OZ” kuti asaganize kuti ndi iyeyo. Kudzibisa bwino, poganizira kuti aliyense mu Laboratory amadziwa za momwe Stallman amaonera machitidwe achitetezo komanso kunyoza kwake mawu achinsinsi. Komabe, kudana kwa Richard kwa mapasiwedi kumadziwika kwambiri kuposa MIT. Pafupifupi ARPAnet yonse, chitsanzo cha intaneti cha nthawi imeneyo, chinafikira makompyuta a Laboratory pansi pa akaunti ya Stallman. "Mlendo" woteroyo anali, mwachitsanzo, Don Hopkins, wolemba mapulogalamu wochokera ku California, yemwe kudzera m'mawu owononga anaphunzira kuti mukhoza kulowa mu dongosolo la ITS lodziwika bwino ku MIT mwa kungolowetsa zilembo za 3 za zoyamba za Stallman monga malowedwe ndi mawu achinsinsi.

"Ndili wokondwa kuti MIT inandipatsa ine ndi anthu ena ambiri ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta awo," akutero Hopkins, "Zinatanthauza zambiri kwa tonsefe."

Ndondomeko ya "alendo" iyi idakhala kwa zaka zambiri pomwe ITS idakhalapo, ndipo oyang'anira MIT adaziyang'ana modzichepetsa. . Koma makina a Oz atakhala mlatho waukulu kuchokera ku Laboratory kupita ku ARPAnet, zonse zidasintha. Stallman adaperekabe mwayi wolowa muakaunti yake pogwiritsa ntchito malowedwe odziwika komanso mawu achinsinsi, koma oyang'anira adafuna kuti asinthe mawu achinsinsi osapereka kwa wina aliyense. Richard, ponena za makhalidwe ake, anakana kugwira ntchito pamakina a Oz nkomwe.

"Pamene mawu achinsinsi adayamba kuwonekera pamakompyuta a AI Lab, ndinaganiza zotsatira chikhulupiriro changa kuti pasakhale mawu achinsinsi," adatero Stallman, "ndipo popeza ndinkakhulupirira kuti makompyuta safunikira chitetezo, sindikadayenera kuthandizira izi kuti ndigwiritse ntchito. iwo."

Kukana kwa Stallman kugwada pamaso pa makina akuluakulu ndi owopsa a Oz kunawonetsa kuti mikangano ikukula pakati pa owononga ndi akuluakulu a Lab. Koma kusamvana kumeneku kunali mthunzi wotuwa chabe wa mkangano womwe unayambika pakati pa anthu owononga, omwe adagawidwa m'misasa iwiri: LMI (Lisp Machines Incorporated) ndi Symbolics.

Zizindikiro zidalandira ndalama zambiri kuchokera kunja, zomwe zidakopa ambiri obera a Lab. Adagwira ntchito pamakina a Lisp ku MIT komanso kunja kwake. Pofika kumapeto kwa 1980, kampaniyo idalemba ganyu antchito 14 a Laboratory ngati alangizi kuti apange makina awoawo a Lisp. Obera ena onse, osawerengera Stallman, adagwira ntchito ku LMI. Richard anasankha kusaloŵerera m’mbali, ndipo, chifukwa cha chizolowezi chake, anali yekha.

Poyamba, obera omwe adalembedwa ndi Symbolics adapitilizabe kugwira ntchito ku MIT, kukonza makina a Lisp. Iwo, monga owononga LMI, adagwiritsa ntchito layisensi ya MIT pamakhodi awo. Zinafuna kuti zosinthazo zibwezedwe ku MIT, koma sizinafune kuti MIT igawane zosinthazo. Komabe, mu 1981, obera adatsatira mgwirizano wa njonda momwe zosintha zawo zonse zidalembedwa mu makina a MIT a Lisp ndikugawidwa kwa onse ogwiritsa ntchito makinawo. Izi zidapangitsabe kukhazikika kwa gulu la owononga.

Koma pa Marichi 16, 1982 - Stallman amakumbukira bwino tsiku lino chifukwa linali tsiku lake lobadwa - mgwirizano wa njondayo unatha. Izi zidachitika motsogozedwa ndi oyang'anira ma Symbolics; motero amafuna kupha mnzake, kampani ya LMI, yomwe inali ndi obera ochepa omwe amawagwirira ntchito. Atsogoleri a Zizindikiro adaganiza motere: ngati LMI ili ndi antchito ocheperako nthawi zambiri, ndiye kuti ntchito yonse pa makina a Lisp ndi yopindulitsa kwa iwo, ndipo ngati kusinthana uku kwayimitsidwa, ndiye kuti LMI idzawonongedwa. Kuti izi zitheke, adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito molakwika kalata ya laisensiyo. M'malo mosintha mawonekedwe a MIT, omwe LMI angagwiritse ntchito, adayamba kupereka MIT ndi Symbolics version ya dongosololi, lomwe atha kusintha momwe angafune. Zinapezeka kuti kuyesa kulikonse ndikusintha kachidindo ka makina a Lisp ku MIT kumangotengera Zizindikiro.

Monga munthu amene anali ndi udindo wosamalira makina a Lisp a labotale (mothandizidwa ndi Greenblatt kwa miyezi ingapo yoyambirira), Stallman anakwiya kwambiri. Obera ma Symbolics adapereka ma code okhala ndi zosintha mazana ambiri zomwe zidayambitsa zolakwika. Poganizira izi, Stallman adadula kulumikizana kwa Laboratory ndi Symbolics, adalumbira kuti sadzagwiranso ntchito pamakina akampaniyo, ndipo adalengeza kuti alowa nawo ntchito pamakina a MIT Lisp kuti athandizire LMI. “M’kuona kwanga, Labuyo inali dziko losaloŵerera m’ndale, mofanana ndi Belgium m’Nkhondo Yadziko II,” akutero Stallman, “ndipo ngati dziko la Germany litaukira Belgium, Belgium inalengeza nkhondo ku Germany nagwirizana ndi Britain ndi France.”

Oyang'anira ma Symbolics atawona kuti zatsopano zawo zaposachedwa zikuwonekerabe pamakina a MIT a Lisp, adakwiya ndikuyamba kuimba mlandu omwe akubera a Lab kuti adaba ma code. Koma Stallman sanaphwanye lamulo la kukopera konse. Adaphunzira kachidindo koperekedwa ndi Symbolics ndikupanga malingaliro omveka okhudza zosintha zamtsogolo ndikusintha, zomwe adayamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuyambira pachiyambi pamakina a MIT a Lisp. Oyang'anira zizindikiro sanakhulupirire. Adayika mapulogalamu aukazitape pa terminal ya Stallman, yomwe idalemba zonse zomwe Richard adachita. Kotero iwo ankayembekezera kusonkhanitsa umboni wa kuba kachidindo ndikuwonetsa kwa olamulira a MIT, koma ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa 1983 panalibe chilichonse chosonyeza. Zonse zomwe anali nazo zinali malo khumi ndi awiri kapena apo pomwe ma code a machitidwe awiriwa amawoneka ofanana pang'ono.

Pamene oyang'anira ma Lab adawonetsa umboni wa Symbolics kwa Stallman, adatsutsa, ponena kuti codeyo inali yofanana, koma osati yofanana. Ndipo adatembenuza malingaliro a kasamalidwe ka Symbolics motsutsana naye: ngati mbewu zofananirazi ndizo zonse zomwe akanatha kumukumba, ndiye kuti izi zimangotsimikizira kuti Stallman sanabe code. Izi zinali zokwanira kuti mamenejala a Laboratory avomereze ntchito ya Stallman, ndipo anapitiriza mpaka kumapeto kwa 1983. .

Koma Stallman anasintha maganizo ake. Kuti adziteteze yekha ndi polojekitiyo momwe angathere kuchokera ku zonena za Symbolics, adasiya kwathunthu kuyang'ana zizindikiro zawo. Anayamba kulemba code potengera zolemba. Richard sanayembekezere zaluso zazikulu kwambiri kuchokera ku Symbolics, koma adazikwaniritsa yekha, kenako adangowonjezera mawonekedwe kuti agwirizane ndi kukhazikitsa kwa Zizindikiro, kudalira zolemba zawo. Anawerenganso Symbolics code changelog kuti awone nsikidzi zomwe amakonza, ndipo adazikonza yekha zolakwikazo m'njira zina.

Zimene zinachitika zinalimbitsa mtima wa Stallman. Atapanga ma analogue a ntchito zatsopano za Symbolics, adanyengerera ogwira ntchito ku Laboratory kuti agwiritse ntchito mtundu wa MIT wa makina a Lisp, omwe adatsimikizira kuyezetsa bwino komanso kuzindikira zolakwika. Ndipo mtundu wa MIT unali wotsegulidwa kwathunthu ku LMI. "Ndinkafuna kulanga Symbolics zilizonse," akutero Stallman. Mawuwa akuwonetsa osati kuti khalidwe la Richard siliri pacifistic, komanso kuti mkangano pa makina a Lisp unamukhudza mwamsanga.

Kutsimikiza mtima kwa Stallman kumatha kumveka mukaganizira momwe zimawonekera kwa iye - "kuwonongeka" kwa "nyumba" yake, ndiko kuti, gulu la owononga ndi chikhalidwe cha AI Lab. Levy pambuyo pake adafunsana ndi Stallman kudzera pa imelo, ndipo Richard adadzifananiza ndi Ishi, membala womaliza wodziwika wa anthu aku Yahi Indian, omwe adawonongedwa mu Nkhondo zaku India za 1860s ndi 1870s. Fanizoli limapereka zochitika zomwe zafotokozedwa modabwitsa, pafupifupi nthano zambiri. Obera omwe amagwira ntchito ku Symbolics adawona izi mosiyana pang'ono: kampani yawo sinawononge kapena kuwononga, koma idangochita zomwe ziyenera kuchitika kalekale. Atasuntha makina a Lisp m'munda wamalonda, Symbolics adasintha njira yake yopangira mapulogalamu - m'malo mowadula molingana ndi machitidwe a owononga, adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo yofewa komanso yaumunthu ya oyang'anira. Ndipo iwo ankaona Stallman osati ngati mdani wankhondo poteteza chifukwa chachilungamo, koma monga wonyamula maganizo achikale.

Kukangana kwaumwini kumawonjezeranso moto. Ngakhale asanabwere Symbolics, obera ambiri adapewa Stallman, ndipo tsopano zinthu zafika poipa nthawi zambiri. “Sindinandiitanidwenso kupita ku Chinatown,” akukumbukira motero Richard, “Greenblatt anayambitsa mwambowo: pamene mufuna kudya chakudya chamasana, mumazungulira anzako ndi kuwaitanira limodzi, kapena kuwatumizira uthenga. Kwinakwake mu 1980-1981 anasiya kundiimbira foni. Sikuti sanangondiitana kokha, koma, monga momwe munthu wina pambuyo pake anavomerezera kwa ine, iwo anaika chitsenderezo pa ena kotero kuti palibe amene akanandiuza za masitima okonzekera nkhomaliro.”

Source: linux.org.ru