Ubongo wopusa, zobisika zobisika, ma algorithms obisika: kusinthika kwa kuzindikira nkhope

Aigupto akale ankadziwa zambiri za vivisection ndipo ankatha kusiyanitsa chiwindi ndi impso pokhudza. Mwa kukumba mummies kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo ndikuchita machiritso (kuchokera ku trephination mpaka kuchotsa zotupa), mosakayikira mudzaphunzira kumvetsetsa chibadwa.

Kuchuluka kwa tsatanetsatane wa anatomical kunali kopitilira kusokonezedwa ndi kusokonezeka pakumvetsetsa ntchito ya ziwalozo. Ansembe, madokotala ndi anthu wamba molimba mtima anaika maganizo mu mtima, ndipo anapatsa ubongo ntchito yotulutsa ntchofu za m’mphuno.

Pambuyo pa zaka 4, zimakhala zovuta kulola kuti museke ndi ma Falahs ndi Afarao - makompyuta athu ndi ma algorithms osonkhanitsira deta amawoneka ozizira kuposa mipukutu ya gumbwa, ndipo ubongo wathu umapangabe modabwitsa yemwe amadziwa.

Chifukwa chake m'nkhaniyi tidayenera kunena kuti ma aligorivimu ozindikira kutengeka afika pa liwiro la ma neuron agalasi pakutanthauzira zizindikiro za interlocutor, pomwe mwadzidzidzi zidapezeka kuti maselo amitsempha sanali momwe amawonekera.

Zolakwika Zopanga zisankho

Ali mwana, mwana amayang'ana nkhope za makolo ake ndipo amaphunzira kubereka kumwetulira, kukwiya, kudzikhutiritsa ndi malingaliro ena, kotero kuti moyo wake wonse muzochitika zosiyanasiyana akhoza kumwetulira, kukwinya, kukwiya - chimodzimodzi monga okondedwa ake. anatero.

Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kutsanzira maganizo kumamangidwa ndi dongosolo la magalasi a neurons. Komabe, asayansi ena amakayikira mfundo imeneyi: sitikumvetsabe mmene maselo onse aubongo amagwirira ntchito.

Chitsanzo cha momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito umayima pamalingaliro osasunthika. Palibe kukayikira za chinthu chimodzi chokha: "firmware" ya imvi kuyambira kubadwa ili ndi mawonekedwe ndi nsikidzi, kapena, molondola, zomwe zimakhudza khalidwe.

Mirror neurons kapena ma neuron ena ali ndi udindo pakuyankha motsanzira; dongosololi limagwira ntchito pamlingo woyambira kuzindikira zolinga ndi zochita zosavuta. Izi ndizokwanira kwa mwana, koma zochepa kwambiri kwa wamkulu.

Timadziŵa kuti kutengeka mtima kwakukulukulu kumadalira pa zimene munthu wadziŵa ponena za kugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha kwawo. Palibe amene angaganize kuti ndinu psychopath, ngati pakati pa anthu okondwa inu kumwetulira, kumva kuwawa, chifukwa mu moyo wachikulire maganizo ntchito ngati njira agwirizane ndi mikhalidwe ya kukhalapo.

Sitikudziwa zomwe munthu wina akuganiza. Ndi zophweka kupanga zongoganizira: akumwetulira, zikutanthauza kuti akusangalala. Malingaliro ali ndi kuthekera kobadwa nako kumanga zinyumba mumlengalenga zithunzi zofananira za zomwe zikuchitika.

Munthu amangoyesera kutsimikizira kuti malingaliro omwe alipo akugwirizana ndi chowonadi mpaka pati, ndipo maziko osasunthika a malingaliro adzayamba kuyenda: kumwetulira ndiko chisoni, kukwinya ndi chisangalalo, kunjenjemera kwa zikope ndikosangalatsa.

Katswiri wa zamaganizo waku Germany Franz Karl Müller-Lyer mu 1889 adawonetsa chinyengo cha geometric-optical chokhudzana ndi kupotoza kwa malingaliro a mizere ndi ziwerengero. Chinyengo ndi chakuti gawo lopangidwa ndi nsonga zakunja likuwoneka lalifupi kuposa gawo lopangidwa ndi michira. Ndipotu, kutalika kwa zigawo zonsezi ndi zofanana.

Katswiri wa zamaganizo adawonetsanso kuti wolingalira za chinyengo, ngakhale atayesa mizere ndikumvetsera kufotokozera za mitsempha ya mitsempha ya chidziwitso cha chithunzi, akupitiriza kulingalira mzere umodzi wamfupi kuposa wina. Ndizosangalatsanso kuti chinyengo ichi sichikuwoneka chimodzimodzi kwa aliyense - pali anthu omwe satengeka nawo.

Katswiri wa zamaganizo Daniel Kahneman amavomerezakuti malingaliro athu opendekeka pang'onopang'ono amazindikira chinyengo cha Müller-Lyer, koma gawo lachiwiri la malingaliro, lomwe limayang'anira chidziwitso chazidziwitso, modzidzimutsa komanso pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo limachitapo kanthu poyankha kukopa komwe kukubwera, ndikupanga ziganizo zolakwika.

Kulakwitsa kwachidziwitso sikungolakwitsa. Munthu angamvetse ndi kuvomereza kuti sangakhulupirire maso ake pamene akuyang’ana chinyengo cha kuwala, koma kulankhulana ndi anthu enieni kuli ngati kudutsa mu labyrinth yovuta kwambiri.

Kalelo mu 1906, katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu William Sumner analengeza za chilengedwe chonse cha kusankha kwachilengedwe ndi kulimbana kwa kukhalapo, kusamutsira mfundo za kukhalapo kwa nyama m’chitaganya cha anthu. M’malingaliro ake, anthu ogwirizana m’magulu amakweza gulu lawolo mwa kukana kusanthula mfundo zomwe zimawopseza kukhulupirika kwa anthu ammudzi.

Katswiri wa zamaganizo Richard Nisbett nkhani “Kunena zambiri kuposa mmene tingadziwire: Malipoti a pakamwa okhudza mmene ubongo umayendera” akusonyeza kusafuna kwa anthu kukhulupirira ziŵerengero ndi zina zimene anthu ambiri amavomereza zimene sizikugwirizana ndi zimene amakhulupirira.

Matsenga a ziwerengero zazikulu

Onerani vidiyoyi ndikuwona momwe nkhope ya wosewerayo imasinthira.

Malingaliro mwamsanga "amalemba" ndikupanga malingaliro pamaso pa deta yosakwanira, yomwe imatsogolera ku zotsatira zowonongeka, zowonekera bwino mu chitsanzo cha kuyesa kochitidwa ndi wotsogolera Lev Kuleshov.

Mu 1929, anatenga pafupi ndi wosewera, mbale yodzaza ndi supu, mwana m'bokosi, ndi mtsikana wamng'ono pa sofa. Kenako filimuyo ndi kuwombera kwa wosewerayo inadulidwa m'zigawo zitatu ndikumatidwa mosiyana ndi mafelemu omwe amasonyeza mbale ya supu, mwana ndi mtsikana.

Modziyimira pawokha, owonerera amafika pozindikira kuti m'chidutswa choyamba ngwazi ili ndi njala, yachiwiri ili ndi chisoni ndi imfa ya mwanayo, chachitatu amakopeka ndi mtsikana atagona pa sofa.

M'malo mwake, mawonekedwe a nkhope ya wosewera sasintha nthawi zonse.

Ndipo ngati mutawona mafelemu zana, kodi chinyengocho chidzawululidwa?

Kutengera zambiri za kudalirika kwa chiŵerengero cha choonadi cha khalidwe lopanda mawu m'magulu akuluakulu a anthu, katswiri wa zamaganizo Paul Ekman analengedwa chida chathunthu choyezera zolinga zamayendedwe amaso - "nkhope yokhotakhota".

Amakhulupirira kuti ma neural network ochita kupanga atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusanthula nkhope ya anthu. Ngakhale kutsutsidwa kwambiri (ndondomeko yachitetezo cha eyapoti ya Ekman sanadutse mayesero olamulidwa), pali njere ya nzeru muzotsutsazi.

Kuyang'ana munthu mmodzi yemwe akumwetulira, wina angaganize kuti akunyenga ndipo kwenikweni alibe ubwino. Koma ngati inu (kapena kamera) mukuwona anthu zana akumwetulira, mwayi ndi wakuti ambiri a iwo akusangalala—monga kuonera woseketsa wotentha akuimba.

Mu chitsanzo cha ziwerengero zazikulu, sikofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu ena amatha kuwongolera malingaliro mochenjera kotero kuti ngakhale Pulofesa Ekman angapusitsidwe. M'mawu a Katswiri wowopsa Nassim Taleb, kusakhazikika kwadongosolo kumakulitsidwa kwambiri pomwe nkhani yoyang'aniridwa ndi kamera yozizira, yopanda tsankho.

Inde, sitidziwa momwe tingadziwire bodza ndi nkhope - ndi nzeru zopangira kapena zopanda nzeru. Koma timamvetsetsa bwino momwe tingadziwire kuchuluka kwa chisangalalo kwa anthu zana kapena kuposerapo.

Kuzindikira kotengeka kwa bizinesi

Njira yosavuta yodziwira kutengeka kuchokera pachithunzi cha nkhope imachokera pamagulu a mfundo zazikuluzikulu, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zomwe zingapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms osiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri mfundo khumi ndi ziwiri zimalembedwa, kuzigwirizanitsa ndi malo a nsidze, maso, milomo, mphuno, nsagwada, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wojambula nkhope.

Kuwunika zakumbuyo kwamalingaliro pogwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu amakina kumathandizira kale ogulitsa kuti aphatikizire pa intaneti pa intaneti momwe angathere. Ukadaulo umakupatsani mwayi wowunika momwe kutsatsa ndi kutsatsa kumagwirira ntchito, kudziwa mtundu wa ntchito zamakasitomala ndi ntchito, ndikuzindikiranso machitidwe olakwika a anthu.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu, mutha kutsata malingaliro a ogwira ntchito muofesi (ofesi yomwe ili ndi anthu achisoni ndi ofesi yachilimbikitso chofooka, kukhumudwa ndi kuwonongeka) komanso "chilolezo cha chisangalalo" cha ogwira ntchito ndi makasitomala polowera ndikutuluka.

Alfa-Bank m'nthambi zingapo anapezerapo pulojekiti yoyeserera yowunika momwe makasitomala akumvera munthawi yeniyeni. Ma aligorivimu amapanga chizindikiro chofunikira cha kukhutitsidwa kwamakasitomala, kuzindikira zomwe zikuchitika pakusintha kwamalingaliro ochezera nthambi, ndikupereka kuwunika kwathunthu kwaulendo.

Ku Microsoft adauzidwa za kuyesa njira yowunikira momwe owonera akumvera mu kanema wa kanema (kuwunika kwabwino kwa filimuyo munthawi yeniyeni), komanso kudziwa wopambana pampikisano wa "Audience Award" pa mpikisano wa Imagine Cup (the chigonjetso chinapindula ndi gulu lomwe machitidwe ake omvera adachita bwino) .

Zonse zomwe tatchulazi ndi chiyambi chabe cha nyengo yatsopano. Ku North Carolina State University, akumaphunzira maphunziro, nkhope za ophunzira zidajambulidwa ndi kamera, kanema komwe kusanthula kompyuta masomphenya dongosolo amazindikira maganizo. Potengera zomwe adapeza, aphunzitsi adasintha njira yophunzitsira.

Mu maphunziro, nthawi zambiri, chisamaliro chosakwanira chimaperekedwa pakuwunika kwa malingaliro. Koma mukhoza kuyesa khalidwe la kuphunzitsa, kutenga nawo mbali kwa ophunzira, kuzindikira maganizo oipa, ndikukonzekera ndondomeko ya maphunziro kutengera zomwe mwalandira.

Kuzindikira Nkhope Ivideon: kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi momwe akumvera

Tsopano lipoti la kutengeka mtima lawonekera m'dongosolo lathu.

Gawo lapadera la "Emotion" lawonekera pamakhadi ozindikira nkhope, ndipo pa "Reports" pagawo la "Nkhope" pali malipoti amtundu watsopano - pa ola ndi tsiku:

Ndizotheka kutsitsa gwero lazopezeka zonse ndikupanga malipoti anu potengera iwo.

Mpaka posachedwa, machitidwe onse ozindikiritsa malingaliro adagwira ntchito pamlingo wa ntchito zoyesera zomwe zinayesedwa mosamala. Mtengo wa oyendetsa ndege amenewa unali wokwera kwambiri.

Tikufuna kupanga analytics kukhala gawo ladziko lodziwika bwino la mautumiki ndi zida, kotero kuyambira lero "malingaliro" akupezeka kwa makasitomala onse a Ivideon. Sitimayambitsa ndondomeko yamtengo wapatali, osapereka makamera apadera, ndikuchita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti tithetse zopinga zonse. Mitengo imakhalabe yosasinthika; aliyense akhoza kulumikiza kusanthula kwamalingaliro pamodzi ndi kuzindikira nkhope kwa ma ruble 1. pamwezi.

Ntchitoyi imaperekedwa mkati akaunti yanu wogwiritsa ntchito. Ndipo pa tsamba lotsatsa tasonkhanitsa mfundo zosangalatsa kwambiri za kachitidwe ka Ivideon kozindikira nkhope.

Source: www.habr.com