Kodi ndizovuta kumvetsetsa mfundo yayikulu polankhula za DevOps? Takusankhani zofananira zowoneka bwino, zopanga bwino komanso upangiri wochokera kwa akatswiri omwe angathandize ngakhale omwe si akatswiri kuti afike pozindikira. Pamapeto pake, bonasi ndi DevOps ya antchito a Red Hat.
Mawu akuti DevOps adayambira zaka 10 zapitazo ndipo adachoka pa hashtag ya Twitter kupita ku gulu lamphamvu lachikhalidwe mdziko la IT, filosofi yeniyeni yomwe imalimbikitsa omanga kuti azichita zinthu mwachangu, kuyesa, ndikubwereza patsogolo. DevOps yakhala yolumikizidwa mosagwirizana ndi lingaliro lakusintha kwa digito. Koma nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi mawu a IT, pazaka khumi zapitazi DevOps yapeza matanthauzo ambiri, matanthauzidwe ndi malingaliro olakwika okhudza iwo okha.
Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri mumatha kumva mafunso okhudza DevOps ngati, kodi ndizofanana ndi agile? Kapena kodi iyi ndi njira ina yapadera? Kapena ndi liwu linanso lofanana ndi liwu loti "mgwirizano"?
Ma DevOps amaphatikiza malingaliro osiyanasiyana (kutumiza mosalekeza, kuphatikiza kosalekeza, makina opangira okha, ndi zina), kotero kutsitsa zomwe zili zofunika kumatha kukhala kovuta, makamaka mukakhala ndi chidwi ndi nkhaniyi. Komabe, luso limeneli n’lothandiza kwambiri, kaya mukuyesera kufotokoza maganizo anu kwa akuluakulu anu kapena kungouza wina wa m’banja lanu kapena anzanu za ntchito yanu. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiyike pambali mawu akuti DevOps pakali pano ndikuyang'ana pa chithunzi chachikulu.
Kodi DevOps ndi chiyani: 6 Matanthauzo ndi Zofananira
Tidapempha akatswiri kuti afotokoze tanthauzo la DevOps mosavuta komanso mwachidule momwe angathere kuti phindu lake limveke bwino kwa owerenga omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chilichonse chaukadaulo. Kutengera zotsatira za zokambiranazi, tasankha zofananira zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zomwe zingakuthandizeni kupanga nkhani yanu ya DevOps.
1. DevOps ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe
"DevOps ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chomwe mbali zonse ziwiri (opanga mapulogalamu ndi akatswiri a machitidwe a IT) amazindikira kuti mapulogalamu sabweretsa phindu lenileni mpaka wina atayamba kugwiritsa ntchito: makasitomala, makasitomala, antchito, osati mfundo," akutero Eveline Oehrlich, kafukufuku wamkulu. katswiri ku DevOps Institute. "Choncho, mbali zonse ziwirizi zikuwonetsetsa kuti mapulogalamuwa atumizidwa mwachangu komanso apamwamba."
2. DevOps ikukhudza kupatsa mphamvu opanga.
"DevOps imathandizira opanga mapulogalamu kukhala ndi mapulogalamu, kuwayendetsa, ndikuwongolera kutumiza kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto."
"Nthawi zambiri, DevOps imakambidwa ngati njira yofulumizitsa kutumizidwa kwa mapulogalamu pakupanga pomanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzipangira," akutero Jai Schniepp, mkulu wa nsanja za DevOps ku kampani ya inshuwaransi Liberty Mutual. "Koma kwa ine ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri." DevOps imapatsa mphamvu opanga mapulogalamu kuti akhale ndi mapulogalamu kapena mapulogalamu enaake, kuwayendetsa, ndikuwongolera kutumiza kwawo kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto. DevOps imachotsa chisokonezo chokhudzana ndi udindo ndikuwongolera aliyense amene akutenga nawo mbali pakupanga makina opangira makina, oyendetsedwa ndi mapulogalamu. "
3. DevOps ndi yogwirizana pakupanga ndi kutumiza mapulogalamu.
"Mwachidule, DevOps ndi njira yopangira mapulogalamu ndi kutumiza komwe aliyense amagwirira ntchito limodzi," akutero Gur Staf, purezidenti komanso wamkulu wamakampani opanga ma digito ku BMC.
4. DevOps ndi payipi
"Kugwirizanitsa ma conveyor ndikotheka pokhapokha ngati mbali zonse zikugwirizana."
"Ndingafanizire DevOps ndi mzere wa magalimoto," akupitiriza Gur Staff. - Lingaliro ndi kupanga ndikupanga magawo onse pasadakhale kuti athe kusonkhanitsidwa popanda kusintha payekha. Kusonkhanitsa ma conveyor ndikotheka kokha ngati mbali zonse zikugwirizana. Amene amapanga ndi kupanga injini ayenera kuganizira momwe angaikhazikitsire ku thupi kapena chimango. Amene amapanga mabuleki ayenera kuganizira za mawilo, ndi zina zotero. Zomwezo ziyenera kukhala zowona ndi mapulogalamu.
Wopanga mapulogalamu omwe amapanga malingaliro abizinesi kapena mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito ayenera kuganizira za nkhokwe yomwe imasunga zambiri zamakasitomala, njira zotetezera zoteteza deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito, ndi momwe zonsezi zidzagwirira ntchito pomwe ntchitoyi iyamba kutumikira omvera ambiri, mwinanso madola mamiliyoni ambiri. ."
"Kupangitsa anthu kuti agwirizane ndi kulingalira za mbali za ntchito zomwe ena akuchita, m'malo momangoyang'ana ntchito zawo zokha, ndiye chopinga chachikulu chomwe tiyenera kuchigonjetsa. Ngati mungathe kuchita izi, muli ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wosintha digito, "akuwonjezera Gur Staff.
5. DevOps ndi kuphatikiza koyenera kwa anthu, njira ndi makina
Jayne Groll, mkulu wa bungwe la DevOps Institute, anapereka fanizo lalikulu kuti afotokoze DevOps. M'mawu ake, "DevOps ili ngati Chinsinsi chokhala ndi magulu atatu akuluakulu a zosakaniza: anthu, ndondomeko ndi makina. Zambiri mwazinthuzi zitha kutengedwa kumadera ena ndi magwero: Lean, Agile, SRE, CI / CD, ITIL, utsogoleri, chikhalidwe, zida. Chinsinsi cha DevOps, monga njira iliyonse yabwino, ndimomwe mungapangire milingo yoyenera ndikusakaniza zosakaniza izi kuti muwonjezere kuthamanga komanso kuchita bwino popanga ndikutulutsa mapulogalamu. ”
6. DevOps ndi pamene opanga mapulogalamu amagwira ntchito ngati gulu la Formula 1
"Mpikisano sunakonzedwe kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto, koma m'malo mwake, kuyambira kumapeto mpaka koyambira."
"Ndikakamba zomwe ndingayembekezere kuchokera ku DevOps, ndimagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha NASCAR kapena Formula 1 racing team," akutero Chris Short, woyang'anira wamkulu wa malonda a mtambo ku Red Hat ndi wofalitsa nkhani ya DevOps'ish. - Mtsogoleri wa gulu lotereli ali ndi cholinga chimodzi: kutenga malo apamwamba kwambiri pamapeto a mpikisano, poganizira zomwe gululo limapereka komanso mavuto omwe adakumana nawo. Pamenepa, mpikisano umakonzedwa osati kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto, koma mosiyana, kuyambira kumapeto mpaka pachiyambi. Choyamba, cholinga chofuna kutchuka chimakhazikitsidwa, ndiyeno njira zochikwaniritsa zimatsimikiziridwa. Kenako amagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikuperekedwa kwa mamembala a timu. "
“Timu imathera sabata yathunthu mpikisanowo usanachitike. Amapanga masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi cardio kuti akhalebe bwino pa tsiku lotopetsa lothamanga. Yesetsani kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuthetsa mavuto aliwonse omwe angabwere pa mpikisano. Momwemonso, gulu lachitukuko liyenera kuphunzitsa luso lotulutsa mitundu yatsopano pafupipafupi. Ngati muli ndi luso lotere komanso chitetezo chogwira ntchito bwino, kukhazikitsidwa kwa matembenuzidwe atsopano pakupanga kumachitikanso nthawi zambiri. M'malingaliro adziko lino, kuthamanga kowonjezereka kumatanthauza chitetezo chowonjezereka," akutero Short.
“Sizikunena za kuchita ‘zoyenera,’” Short akuwonjezera kuti, “ndiko kuchotsa zinthu zambiri zomwe zimalepheretsa chotulukapo chofunidwa. Gwirizanani ndi kusintha malinga ndi mayankho omwe mumalandira munthawi yeniyeni. Khalani okonzekera zosokoneza ndikugwira ntchito kuti muwongolere bwino kuti muchepetse kukhudzidwa kwawo pakupita ku cholinga chanu. Izi ndi zomwe zikutiyembekezera m'dziko la DevOps. "
Momwe mungakulitsire DevOps: Malangizo 10 ochokera kwa akatswiri
Kungoti DevOps ndi misa DevOps ndi zinthu zosiyana kotheratu. Tidzakuuzani momwe mungagonjetsere zopinga panjira kuyambira yoyamba mpaka yachiwiri.
Kwa mabungwe ambiri, ulendo wopita ku DevOps umayamba mosavuta komanso mosangalatsa. Magulu ang'onoang'ono okonda amapangidwa, njira zakale zimasinthidwa ndi zatsopano, ndipo kupambana koyamba sikuchedwa kubwera.
Tsoka, uku ndi glitz yabodza, chinyengo cha kupita patsogolo, atero Ben Grinnell, woyang'anira wamkulu komanso wamkulu wa digito ku consultant North Highland. Kupambana koyambirira kumakhala kolimbikitsa, koma sikuthandiza kukwaniritsa cholinga chachikulu cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa DevOps m'bungwe lonse.
N'zosavuta kuona kuti zotsatira zake ndi chikhalidwe cha magawano pakati pa "ife" ndi "iwo".
"Nthawi zambiri, mabungwe amakhazikitsa mapulojekiti ochita upainiyawa akuganiza kuti adzatsegula njira ya DevOps wamba, osaganizira ngati ena adzatha kapena akufuna kutsatira njira imeneyi," akufotokoza Ben Grinnell. - Magulu oyendetsera ntchito zoterezi nthawi zambiri amalembedwa kuchokera ku "Varangian" odzidalira omwe achita kale zofanana m'malo ena, koma ndi atsopano ku bungwe lanu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amalimbikitsidwa kuphwanya ndi kuwononga malamulo omwe amakhalabe ogwirizana ndi wina aliyense. N'zosavuta kuona kuti zotsatira zake ndi chikhalidwe cha "ife" ndi "iwo" chomwe chimalepheretsa kusamutsidwa kwa chidziwitso ndi luso."
"Ndipo vuto la chikhalidwe ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe DevOps ndizovuta kukulitsa. Magulu a DevOps akukumana ndi zovuta zambiri zaukadaulo zomwe zimafanana ndi makampani omwe akukula mwachangu a IT-oyamba, "atero Steve Newman, woyambitsa komanso wapampando wa Scalyr.
“Masiku ano, ntchito zimasintha pakangofunika kutero. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse ndikukhazikitsa zatsopano, koma kugwirizanitsa ndondomekoyi ndikuchotsa mavuto omwe amabwera ndi mutu weniweni, akuwonjezera Steve Newman. - M'mabungwe omwe akukula mwachangu, mainjiniya omwe ali m'magulu osiyanasiyana amavutikira kuti awonekere kuti asinthe komanso kudalira komwe kumayambitsa. Komanso, mainjiniya sasangalala akalandidwa mwayi umenewu, ndipo chifukwa cha zimenezi, zimawavuta kumvetsa tanthauzo la mavuto amene amabwera.”
Kodi mungagonjetse bwanji zovuta zomwe tafotokozazi ndikupita ku kutengera anthu ambiri a DevOps mgulu lalikulu? Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuleza mtima, ngakhale cholinga chanu chachikulu ndikufulumizitsa kachitidwe kanu kakukulitsa mapulogalamu ndi njira zamabizinesi.
1. Kumbukirani kuti kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kumatenga nthawi.
Jayne Groll, Executive Director, DevOps Institute: "M'malingaliro mwanga, kukulitsa kwa DevOps kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo komanso kobwerezabwereza monga kukula kwachangu (komanso kukhudza chikhalidwe). Agile ndi DevOps amatsindika magulu ang'onoang'ono. Koma maguluwa akamakula komanso kuphatikizika, timakhala ndi anthu ambiri omwe akutenga njira zatsopano zogwirira ntchito, ndipo chifukwa chake pamakhala kusintha kwakukulu kwachikhalidwe. ”
2. Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yokwanira kukonzekera ndikusankha nsanja
Eran Kinsbruner, Mlaliki Wotsogolera waukadaulo ku Perfecto: "Kuti makulitsidwe agwire ntchito, magulu a DevOps ayenera choyamba kuphunzira kuphatikiza miyambo, zida, ndi luso, kenako ndikulera pang'onopang'ono ndikukhazikitsa gawo lililonse la DevOps. Zonse zimayamba ndikukonza mosamalitsa nkhani za ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mitsinje yamtengo wapatali, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kulemba mapulogalamu ndi kuwongolera mtundu pogwiritsa ntchito chitukuko chokhazikika kapena njira zina zoyenererana ndi nthambi ndi kuphatikiza ma code. ”
"Kenako pamabwera gawo lophatikizira ndi kuyesa, pomwe nsanja yowopsa yodzipangira yokha ikufunika kale. Apa ndipamene ndikofunikira kuti magulu a DevOps asankhe nsanja yoyenera yomwe ikugwirizana ndi luso lawo komanso zolinga zomaliza za polojekitiyi.
Gawo lotsatira ndikutumiza kukupanga ndipo izi ziyenera kukhala zokha pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyimba ndi zotengera. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi malo owoneka bwino pamagawo onse a DevOps (simulator yopanga, chilengedwe cha QA, ndi malo enieni opangira) ndipo nthawi zonse mugwiritse ntchito deta yaposachedwa poyesa kuti mupeze mfundo zoyenera. Analytics iyenera kukhala yanzeru komanso yokhoza kukonza deta yayikulu ndikuyankha mwachangu komanso kuchitapo kanthu. ”
3. Chotsani kulakwa pa udindo.
Gordon Haff, Mlaliki wa RedHat: "Kupanga dongosolo ndi mlengalenga zomwe zimaloleza ndikulimbikitsa kuyesera zimalola zomwe zimadziwika kuti zolephera bwino pakupanga mapulogalamu agile. Zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti palibe amene ali ndi mlandu pa zolephera. M’chenicheni, kudziŵa amene ali ndi thayo kumakhala kosavuta, popeza kuti “kukhala wodalirika” sikumatanthauzanso “kuchititsa ngozi.” Ndiko kuti, akamanena za udindo kusintha qualitatively. Zinthu zinayi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri: kuchuluka kwa kusokoneza, njira, njira zopangira ndi zolimbikitsa. ” (Mutha kuwerenga zambiri zazinthu izi m'nkhani ya Gordon Huff "Maphunziro a DevOps: Magawo a 4 oyesera athanzi.")
4. Konzani njira yopita patsogolo
Ben Grinnell, woyang'anira wamkulu komanso wamkulu wa digito ku consultant North Highland: "Kuti ndikwaniritse kukula, ndikupangira kukhazikitsa pulogalamu ya" kukonza njira" pamodzi ndi ntchito zaupainiya. Cholinga cha pulogalamuyi ndikuyeretsa zinyalala zomwe apainiya a DevOps amasiya, monga malamulo akale ndi zinthu ngati izi, kuti njira yopita patsogolo ikhalebe yomveka. "
"Patsani anthu chithandizo chamagulu ndi chilimbikitso kudzera mukulankhulana komwe kumapitilira gulu lochita upainiya pokondwerera kupambana kwa njira zatsopano zogwirira ntchito. Phunzitsani anthu omwe akutenga nawo mbali pama projekiti a DevOps ndipo ali ndi mantha kugwiritsa ntchito DevOps koyamba. Ndipo kumbukirani kuti anthuwa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi apainiya.”
5. Demokalase zida
Steve Newman, woyambitsa ndi wapampando wa Scalyr: "Zida siziyenera kubisidwa kwa anthu, ndipo ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kuphunzira kwa aliyense amene akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake. Ngati kuthekera kofunsa zipika kumangokhala kwa anthu atatu "ovomerezeka" kugwiritsa ntchito chida, nthawi zonse mudzakhala ndi anthu atatu othana ndi vutoli, ngakhale mutakhala ndi malo akulu kwambiri apakompyuta. M'mawu ena, pali vuto pano lomwe lingayambitse mavuto aakulu (bizinesi)."
6. Pangani mikhalidwe yabwino yogwirira ntchito yamagulu
Tom Clark, wamkulu wa Common Platform ku ITV: “Mungathe kuchita chilichonse, koma osati zonse nthawi imodzi. Choncho khalani ndi zolinga zazikulu, yambani pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pitani patsogolo mofulumira. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, mudzakhala ndi mbiri yochita zinthu, kotero kuti ena adzafunanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zanu. Ndipo musadandaule za kupanga gulu lothandiza kwambiri. M'malo mwake, perekani anthu malo abwino ogwirira ntchito komanso kuchita bwino kumatsatira. ”
7. Musaiwale za Conway's Law ndi Kanban board
Logan Daigle, Director of Software Delivery and DevOps Strategy ku CollabNetVersionOne: "Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zotsatira za Lamulo la Conway. M'mawu anga omasuka, lamuloli likunena kuti zinthu zomwe timapanga komanso njira zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito, kuphatikiza DevOps, zimakhala zomangidwa mofanana ndi gulu lathu. "
"Ngati pali ma silo ambiri m'bungwe, ndikuwongolera kumasintha manja nthawi zambiri pokonzekera, kumanga ndi kutulutsa mapulogalamu, zotsatira za makulitsidwe zimakhala ziro kapena zazifupi. Ngati bungwe lipanga magulu ogwirira ntchito mozungulira zinthu zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi msika, ndiye kuti mwayi wochita bwino umakula kwambiri. ”
"Chinthu china chofunikira pakukulitsa ndikuwonetsa ntchito zonse zomwe zikuchitika (WIP, workinprogress) pama board a Kanban. Bungwe likakhala ndi malo omwe anthu amawona zinthu izi, limalimbikitsa kwambiri mgwirizano, womwe umakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakukulitsa. "
8. Yang'anani zipsera zakale
Manuel Pais, mlangizi wa DevOps komanso wolemba nawo Team Topology: "Kutenga machitidwe a DevOps kupitilira Dev ndi Ops yokha ndikuyesera kuzigwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zina si njira yabwino. Izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo (mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito makina aziwongolero), koma zambiri zitha kutheka ngati titayamba kumvetsetsa njira zoperekera ndi kuyankhapo. ”
"Ngati pali zipsera zakale mu dongosolo la IT la bungwe - njira ndi njira zoyendetsera ntchito zomwe zidachitika chifukwa cha zochitika zakale, koma zataya kufunikira kwake (chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zinthu, matekinoloje kapena njira) - ndiye kuti ziyenera kuchotsedwa. kapena kusinthidwa, m'malo mongodzipangira okha njira zosayenera kapena zosafunikira."
9. Musabereke zosankha za DevOps
Anthony Edwards, Director of Operations pa Eggplant: "DevOps ndi nthawi yosadziwika bwino, kotero gulu lirilonse limakhala ndi mtundu wake wa DevOps. Ndipo palibe choipitsitsa pamene bungwe mwadzidzidzi lili ndi mitundu 20 ya DevOps yomwe sagwirizana bwino kwambiri. Sizingatheke kuti gulu lirilonse lamagulu atatu a chitukuko likhale ndi mawonekedwe awo, mawonekedwe apadera pakati pa chitukuko ndi kasamalidwe ka mankhwala. Komanso zogulitsa siziyenera kukhala ndi ziyembekezo zawozawo zakuyankhapo zikasamutsidwa ku simulator yopanga. Kupanda kutero, simudzatha kukulitsa DevOps. ”
10. Lalikani mtengo wamalonda wa DevOps
Steve Newman, woyambitsa ndi wapampando wa Scalyr: "Yesetsani kuzindikira kufunikira kwa DevOps. Phunzirani ndipo muzimasuka kulankhula za ubwino wa zomwe mukuchita. DevOps ndi nthawi yodabwitsa komanso yopulumutsira ndalama (tangoganizani: nthawi yocheperako, nthawi yayifupi yoti muyambe kuchira), ndipo magulu a DevOps akuyenera kutsindika (ndi kulalikira) kufunikira kwa izi kuti bizinesi ipambane. Mwanjira iyi mutha kukulitsa gulu la otsatira ndikuwonjezera chikoka cha DevOps mgulu. ”
BONUS
pa Ma DevOps athu adzafika pa Seputembara 13 - inde, Red Hat, monga wopanga mapulogalamu, ali ndi magulu ake a DevOps ndi machitidwe.
Katswiri wathu a Mark Birger, yemwe amapanga ma automation amkati amagulu ena mgulu lonselo, afotokoza nkhani yake mu Chirasha choyera - momwe gulu la Red Hat DevOps lidasamutsira mapulogalamu kuchokera kumadera omwe amayendetsedwa ndi Ansible kupita ku chidebe chodzaza. Pulogalamu ya OpenShift.
Koma si zokhazo:
Mabungwe akasamutsa katundu m'makontena, njira zowunikira zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito sizingagwire ntchito. M’nkhani yachiwiri tidzafotokozanso chisonkhezero chathu chosintha njira yolembera mitengo ndi kusonyeza kupitiriza kwa njira imene inatifikitsa ku njira zamakono zodula mitengo ndi kuyang’anira.
Source: www.habr.com