Nthawi yapitayi ife za momwe kutuluka kwa ma PC osavuta kwathandizira kusinthika kwa mapulogalamu a maphunziro, kuphatikiza aphunzitsi enieni. Zomalizazi zidakhala zotsogola kwambiri zama chatbots amakono, koma sizinakhazikitsidwe mwaunyinji.
Nthawi yasonyeza kuti anthu sali okonzeka kusiya aphunzitsi "amoyo", koma izi sizinathetse mapulogalamu a maphunziro. Mofanana ndi aphunzitsi apakompyuta, matekinoloje amapangidwa, chifukwa chake lero mutha kuphunzira nthawi iliyonse, kulikonse - ngati muli ndi chikhumbo.
Zachidziwikire, tikulankhula za maphunziro apaintaneti.
Chithunzi: /
Intaneti ku yunivesite
M'zaka za m'ma 90, okonda intaneti oyambirira ndi oyesera mofunitsitsa adatenga chitukuko chaukadaulo wamaphunziro, kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wapadziko lonse lapansi pa intaneti. Chifukwa chake, mu 1995, pulofesa wa University of British Columbia, Murray Goldberg, adaganiza zosintha maphunziro ake pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje a pa intaneti ndipo adazindikira kuti maukonde atha kupanga mwachangu zida zophunzitsira ndikuzipangitsa kuti zipezeke kwa omvera opanda malire. Chinthu chokha chomwe chinasowa chinali nsanja yomwe ingaphatikize ntchito zonsezi. Ndipo Goldberg anapereka ntchito imeneyi - ntchito inayamba mu 1997 , dongosolo loyamba la maphunziro apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi.
Zoonadi, dongosolo limeneli silinali labwino. Idadzudzulidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ovuta, "clumsy" codebase ndi zovuta zolumikizana ndi osatsegula. Komabe, pakuwona ntchito, WebCT inali ndi zonse zomwe timafunikira. Ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi amatha kupanga ulusi wokambirana, kucheza pa intaneti, kusinthanitsa maimelo amkati, ndikutsitsa zikalata ndi masamba. Akatswiri ndi akatswiri m'gulu la maphunziro adayamba kutcha ntchito zapaintaneti ngati malo ophunzirira (Virtual Learning Environment, ).
Chithunzi: /
Mu 2004, WebCT idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ophunzira 10 miliyoni ochokera ku mayunivesite ndi makoleji zikwi ziwiri ndi theka omwe ali m'maiko 80. Ndipo patapita nthawi - mu 2006 - ntchito anagulidwa ndi mpikisano . Ndipo lero, zopangidwa ndi kampaniyi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zamakampani - ambiri mwa mabungwe otsogola padziko lonse lapansi akugwirabe ntchito nawo.
Pofika nthawi imeneyo, zinthu zambiri zatsopano zinali zitayambika mu mankhwalawa. Mwachitsanzo, phukusi la miyezo ndi zofotokozera SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model), yomwe imaphatikiza matekinoloje osinthira deta pakati pa kasitomala wa pulogalamu yophunzirira pa intaneti ndi seva yake. Patangotha zaka zingapo, SCORM idakhala imodzi mwamiyezo yodziwika bwino ya "kuyika" maphunziro, ndipo imathandizidwabe ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu m'magawo osiyanasiyana. .
Chifukwa chiyani VLE
Chifukwa chiyani aphunzitsi enieni adakhalabe nkhani yakumaloko, pomwe machitidwe a VLE adafika pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi? Anapereka magwiridwe antchito osavuta komanso osinthika, anali otsika mtengo kupanga ndi kukonza, ndipo anali osavuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi aphunzitsi. Dongosolo loyang'anira kuphunzira pa intaneti ndi, choyamba ... dongosolo la pa intaneti, tsamba lawebusayiti. Ilibe pulogalamu "yachikulu" yomwe imayenera kumvetsetsa zomwe zikubwera ndikuganizira momwe mungayankhire.
Chithunzi: /unsplash.com
M'malo mwake, machitidwe onse otere ayenera kukhala nawo ndikutha kutsitsa zomwe zili ndikuziulutsa kwamagulu a ogwiritsa ntchito. Chofunikira ndichakuti mayankho a VLE sanatsutse aphunzitsi "amoyo". Sizinapangidwe ngati chida chomwe chimachotsa antchito masauzande ambiri aku yunivesite; m'malo mwake, machitidwe otere amayenera kupeputsa ntchito zawo, kukulitsa mwayi waukadaulo ndikuwonjezera kupezeka kwa zida. Ndipo zidachitikadi, machitidwe a VLE adapereka mwayi wodziwa zambiri ndipo adathandizira kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yamaphunziro amaphunziro m'mayunivesite mazanamazana.
Zonse kwa aliyense
Pakugawa kwa WebCT, mtundu wa beta wa nsanja yapaintaneti unayamba kugwira ntchito . Mu 2002, zinali zovuta kuwonetsa kufunika kwa chochitika ichi - imodzi mwa mayunivesite otsogola padziko lonse lapansi idatsegula mwayi wopeza maphunziro 32 aulere. Pofika m’chaka cha 2004, chiwerengero chawo chinaposa 900, ndipo mbali yaikulu ya mapulogalamu a maphunziro inaphatikizapo mavidiyo a nkhani zojambulidwa.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, mu 2008, ophunzira aku Canada George Siemens, Stephen Downes, ndi Dave Cormier adakhazikitsa Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) yoyamba. Ophunzira 25 omwe adalipira adakhala omvera awo, ndipo omvera ena 2300 adalandira mwayi waulere ndikulumikizidwa kudzera pa intaneti.
Chithunzi: /
Mutu wa MOOC woyamba unakhala woyenera kwambiri - izi zinali maphunziro okhudzana ndi kugwirizana, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi sayansi yamaganizo ndikuphunzira zochitika zamaganizo ndi zamakhalidwe mu maukonde. Connectionism idakhazikitsidwa pakupeza chidziwitso chotseguka, chomwe "siyenera kuletsedwa ndi nthawi kapena ziletso za malo."
Okonza maphunzirowa anagwiritsa ntchito umisiri wochuluka wa pa Intaneti umene anali nawo. Amakhala ndi ma webinars, adalemba mabulogu, komanso adayitanira omvera kudziko lenileni la Second Life. Njira zonsezi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pake mu ma MOOC ena. Mu 2011, yunivesite ya Stanford inayambitsa maphunziro atatu a pa intaneti, ndipo patapita zaka zitatu, mapulogalamu oposa 900 anaperekedwa kwa ophunzira ku United States okha.
Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti oyambira atenga maphunziro. Mphunzitsi waku America Salman Khan anu "academy", komwe mamiliyoni a ogwiritsa ntchito amaphunzira. Khothi la Coursera, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 2012 ndi maprofesa awiri aku Stanford, linali litapeza ogwiritsa ntchito 2018 miliyoni pofika chaka cha 33, ndipo pofika Ogasiti 2019, maphunziro 3600 ochokera ku mayunivesite 190 adayikidwa pa portal. Udemy, Udacity ndi ntchito zina zambiri zatsegula chitseko cha chidziwitso chatsopano, ntchito ndi zokonda.
Chotsatira
Sikuti matekinoloje onse adakwaniritsa zomwe tinkayembekezera poyamba. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri ambiri ndi aphunzitsi ananeneratu za kuphulika kutchuka kachitidwe zenizeni zenizeni, koma kwenikweni, ophunzira ambiri sanafune kutenga maphunziro VR oyendetsa. Koma kwatsala pang'ono kuti titsimikize; masukulu owerengeka ayesapo matekinolojewa, ndipo m'malo ena VR yapezabe omvera ake - mainjiniya ndi madotolo amtsogolo akuchita kale maopaleshoni opangira ma simulators ndikuphunzira kapangidwe kazinthu zovuta. . Mwa njira, tidzakambirana za chitukuko ndi zoyambira muzinthu zotsatirazi kumayambiriro kwa chaka chamawa.
Chithunzi: /unsplash.com
Ponena za ma MOOCs, akatswiri amatcha njira iyi ya mapulogalamu a maphunziro kukhala opambana kwambiri m'derali pazaka 200 zapitazi. Zowonadi, ndizovuta kale kulingalira dziko lopanda maphunziro apaintaneti. Zolinga zilizonse zomwe mungadzipangire nokha, nkhani zilizonse zomwe zingakusangalatseni, chidziwitso chonse chofunikira chimapezeka pakangodina kamodzi. M'nkhaniyi, tikumaliza nkhani yathu ya mapulogalamu a maphunziro. Khulupirirani nokha ndipo zonse zidzatheka!
Zowonjezera:
Ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe tili nacho pa Habré:
Source: www.habr.com