В za Spain, ndidatchula zida zamagetsi zapamadzi zoyendera panyanja. Mmodzi wa oŵerengawo anati: “N’zosangalatsa kwambiri mmene zonsezi zimachitikira mozama, paulendo wapanyanja.”
Ndiyesera kukuuzani zida zamagetsi zomwe zinali pa yacht yanga komanso momwe zidalumikizidwira. Lingaliro lalikulu la yacht, m'malingaliro mwanga, ndiukadaulo wamakono womwe ndi wofunikira kuti upulumuke muzinthu zachilengedwe. Chinthu choterocho ndi mkuntho, mphepo yamkuntho, mvula, kuzizira, chinyezi, kapena zonsezi pamodzi. Chifukwa chake, kunja kwa yacht kuyenera kukhala kolimba komanso kolimba kuti athe kupirira zinthu, ndipo mkati mwake muyenera kukhala omasuka kuti munthu apeze ndikuwongolera ndikupanga zisankho zoyenera pakuyesa chilengedwe.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa pamwamba pa mast. Mlongoti asanakhazikitsidwe pa yacht, yomwe, monga lamulo, yakhazikitsidwa kale, zonse zofunika zimayikidwa pansi pamtunda ndi mkati mwa mast.
Mkati mwa mlongoti, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zingwe zamagetsi zowunikira pamwamba pa mast ndi chizindikiro cha nangula; pankhani yoyika mlongoti wa VHF - chingwe cha mlongoti, chingwe chochokera kumalo anyengo. Mlongoti wanga unali ndi chizindikiro komanso kuwala kothamanga, ndipo ma VHF ndi GPS antennas anali pa njanji kumbuyo kwa yacht. Zowonetsera ma radar zogwira ntchito ndi tinyanga ta radar zomwe zili ndi zingwe zofananira mkati mwa mast zimayikidwanso pa masts.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi
Ma solar solar nthawi zambiri amakhala pamwamba pa chopopera (kachidutswa kakang'ono pamwamba pa khomo la wheelhouse) kapena pa aft superstructure.
Maloko omwe ali kumbuyo kwa mipando ya oyendera amakhala ndi mabatire. Posachedwapa, mabatire a Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) akhala otchuka pakati pa oyenda panyanja. Iwo ndi capacious kwambiri ndi kuwala. Chifukwa chake, pali chowongolera cha solar panel komanso chowongolera batire. Palinso inverter yochokera ku 12 volts yamagetsi okwera mpaka 19 volts yolumikiza laputopu ndi zolumikizira zopepuka za ndudu ngati mgalimoto.
Pali makina opangira mphamvu a 220 volt m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amakhala ndi ma fuse otentha, sockets wokhazikika, ndi zingwe zowonjezera zokhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya mapulagi apadziko lonse lapansi, omwe amadziwika kwambiri polumikiza yacht kumagetsi amagetsi mu marina (pamalo oimika magalimoto). Pali chojambulira chamba chamagetsi chamagetsi chochokera kunyanja.
Injini ya dizilo yosasunthika nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi jenereta yamagetsi yoyikidwa. Pamitundu yakale ya injini, imaphatikizidwa mwadongosolo ndi choyambira injini yamagetsi.
Nthawi zina majenereta amphepo amaikidwa pamabwato ngati pali mitambo (ma solar panel sagwira ntchito nyengo yotere) kapena kusakhalapo kapena kuwonongeka kwa jenereta ya dizilo.
Zida zokuthandizani kuyenda
Chida chofunikira kwambiri kwa woyendetsa ndege ndi wopeza nsomba. Chipangizochi chimasonyeza mu nthawi yeniyeni pa galasi lamadzimadzi lamadzimadzi mtunda weniweni kuchokera ku zipsepse za yacht mpaka pansi.
Doppler hydroacoustic log kapena echo sounder yoyang'ana kutsogolo imatha kuwonetsa pawindo osati kuthamanga kwenikweni kwa boti pokhudzana ndi nthaka, komanso mawonekedwe amtunda kutsogolo kwa uta wa yacht. Si ma yacht onse omwe ali ndi chipangizochi. Makamaka, imatha kuwonetsa nsomba, ma dolphin ndi anamgumi molunjika pansi pa yacht pazenera loyang'anira.
Ma yacht akale amakhala ndi chipika cha electromechanical. M'malo mwake, ndi cholumikizira chabe, kusinthika kwake kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito sensor yamagetsi.
Pali kampasi ya maginito yokhala ndi kuwala kwamagetsi.
Malo okwerera nyengo omwe amaphatikiza, mwa zida zina, anemometer yoyezera liwiro la mphepo. Sitimayi imakulolani kuti mujambule mayendedwe amphepo komanso kuthamanga kwa mpweya.
Palinso chida choyendera mwadzidzidzi ndi nyenyezi - sextant. Koma tsopano oyenda mabwato ochepa okha ndi amene akudziwa kugwiritsa ntchito. Popeza chipangizo ichi bwinobwino m'malo GPS wolandila. Ndipo m'malo motumizirana mauthenga mwadzidzidzi, amatenga GPS yopumira pamabatire. Laputopu idzafunika USB GPS. Palibe GPS yochulukirapo pa yacht :)
Radar ndi chipangizo chomwe chimawonetsa zopinga mkati mwa utali wa mamita zikwi zingapo, koma nyengo yoipa ndi mvula mawonekedwe ake amasiya kukhala ofunikira. Iye sawonanso zombo zomwe zikubwera kumbuyo kwa thanthwe kapena cape.
Anthu ochulukirachulukira akugwiritsa ntchito AIS panyanja. Dongosolo lodzizindikiritsa lodziwikiratu ndi chipangizo cha digito chomwe, kudzera pawayilesi, chimasinthiratu makonzedwe ndi maphunziro a zombo mkati mwa utali wa 3-4 mailosi, kutengera mphamvu ya ma transmitters. Chipangizochi sichikhala ndi zovuta za radar, koma ngati mabwato onse omwe akubwera ali ndi chipangizo chofanana. Zomwe sizichitika nthawi zonse. Kaputeni amathanso kuzimitsa mphamvu ya chipangizochi.
Espot ndi EPIRB (Emergency Position Idicating Radio Beacon) komanso foni ya satellite imakulolani kuti mutumize zambiri za malo a yacht kudzera ma satelayiti akutali ndi gombe kupita kumalo opulumutsira kapena kungofikira pa intaneti. .
Ndipo pomaliza, njira yothandiza kwambiri yopezera zolumikizira ndi zolosera zanyengo munyanja ndi wayilesi ya VHF. Muyenera kuyembekezera chombo chodutsa kuti chiwonekere m'malo owonetsera ndikupempha zofunikira pawailesi. Kawirikawiri izi ndizowonetseratu zanyengo zam'tsogolo komanso ndondomeko yamakono.
Zazovuta kwambiri
Ngati chronometer ya sitimayo ikusowa kapena yosweka, mukhoza kupemphanso nthawi yeniyeni kudzera pa wailesi. Koma ndi foni yamakono yolipitsidwa, pafupifupi palibe amene akufunikanso.
Mawu ochepa okhudza chronometer ya sitimayo. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi mawotchi opangidwa ndi makina kapena a quartz omwe amasuntha bwino, amaikidwa m'chidebe chopanda madzi chopangidwa ndi galasi ndi mkuwa. Zonsezi zimapangidwira kuti chipangizocho chikhale m'madzi kwakanthawi ngati, Mulungu aletsa, bwato litembenuka mozungulira mozungulira motalikirapo (overkill). Nthawi zambiri, ma yacht amakono amataya mlongoti wawo.
Chosavuta kwambiri ndikutayika kwa kukhazikika kwa yacht ndikusokoneza. Zikawoneka kuti, mothandizidwa ndi mafunde ndi mphepo, bwato layika mlongoti pamadzi, komabe, chifukwa cha ballast ndi mphamvu yamphamvu, imayima pa keel.
Zida zoyendera ndi ma chart charter
Ndimakonda chilichonse chokhudza okonza ma chart a 2000 euros, kupatula mtengo. Ngati simuganizira zida zodula, ndiye kuti pali njira zingapo zopangira boti mwanjira yofananira, koma yotsika mtengo.
Njira imodzi ndikugula piritsi losalowa madzi komanso lolimba la Panasonic Toughpad FZ-M1 kapena piritsi lofananira (). . Ndipo ikani pulogalamu ya OSS yoyendera yacht pa piritsi ili ndi ma chart akale apanyanja apanyanja. Kapena, chomwe chili chabwino, gulani mamapu atsopano ovomerezeka a dera lomwe mukupitako. Komabe, mamapu adziko lonse lapansi koma zaka 10 ndizothandizanso kukhala nazo. Zambiri zomwe zili pamenepo zimakhalabe zofunika pakuyenda.
Pali njira yotsika mtengo. Chatsopano cha Ricebury Pie 4 chokhala ndi OpenCPN (kapena izi koma muyenera kuwonjezera radiator, batire ndi blotter kuti muyamwitse condensation.) - 100 euros (kapena , ili ndi socket yolumikizira batire kapena Orange - yotsika mtengo kwambiri).
Zomwezo zotetezedwa (IP65 / NEMA4) zimayang'anira ma euro 200 (Mutha kusonkhanitsa chowunikira ndi chojambula pamwamba pa chinsalu kwa 145 mayuro + osungidwa ndi sealant madzi). Zingwe ndi zolumikizira zotetezedwa kumadzi ochokera ku China - 30 euros.
Kuneneratu kwanyengo kwa masiku atatu patsogolo OpenCPN, ngati muli ndi pulogalamu yowonjezera yoyikika ndikulumikizidwa pa intaneti kudzera pa WiFi, mutha kuyitsitsa kuchokera pa seva yanyengo. Ndikofunika kuchita izi musananyamuke ndikungotengera nyengo ndi zinthu zina (kukonzeka kwa ngalawa ndi ogwira ntchito) kuti apange zisankho zokhudzana ndi ulendo wa yacht kupita kunyanja. Chitetezo cha yacht m'nyanja zimadalira chisankho ichi, poganizira zonse.
Mukhozanso kumanga , kutengera gawo lolandirira wailesi yakanema ya 20 euro (yotchedwa "dongles", "whistles" habr.com/post/149702 habr.com/post/373465), koma kukhudzika kwa chipangizo choterocho ndi kudalirika kudzakhala kokayikitsa. Ndi bwino kugula chipangizo chapadera.
Kulumikiza zida ku chipangizo chathu choyendera
Uku ndi kulumikizana kwanthawi zonse pakati pa chopeza nsomba cha Garmin (kapena chida chilichonse "chochedwetsa") ndi makina oyenda. Zikuwonekeratu kuti m'malo mwa DB-9 amagwiritsa ntchito USB . Chonde dziwani kuti zingwe zonse ndi zolumikizira ziyenera kukhala zopanda madzi.
Makina oyendetsa magetsi osavuta
ikhoza kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ku OpenCPN monga chida china chilichonse cholumikizira. Ndipo idzasunga njira mosamalitsa malinga ndi njira yanu. Koma padzakhala kofunikira kuyang'anira kusintha kwa mphepo.
Mphepo ikasintha, malo okwerera nyengo adzakuchenjezani ngati wotchi ya alamu ndipo muyenera kukonzanso matanga kunjira ina.
Kuchokera pa batire lamakono lomwe lingathe kuchangitsidwanso lomwe limachajitsidwa masana a dzuwa kuchokera pa mapanelo adzuwa awiri, chipangizochi chimagwira ntchito pafupifupi maola 2. Zomwe zidzakupatsani mwayi woti mugone. Mu mphepo yamkuntho, chipangizo cha kalasiyi mwatsoka sichili champhamvu kuti chiwongolere bwato. Chifukwa chake, mufunika bwenzi, kapena muyenera kukhazikitsa chipangizo champhamvu kwambiri cha hydraulic. Monga njira, yikani makina opangira mphepo.
Mayikirowevu
Ichi ndi chipangizo chothandiza kwambiri pa yacht. Mfundo ndi yakuti pa mvula yamkuntho mukhoza kubisa zonse tcheru zamagetsi (mapiritsi, mafoni, Malaputopu) mu microwave. Izi zimatsimikizira chitetezo cha zida zanu zoyendera pakagwa mphezi molunjika pa mast ndi kutuluka kwamagetsi kupyola m'boti la yacht.
Kuonjezera apo, mu marina, m'malo oimika magalimoto, polumikiza uvuni wa microwave ku 220 volt network, mukhoza kuphika chakudya ndikuchotsa chakudya mwamsanga.
Source: www.habr.com