Chakudya chofulumira, zotsatira zachangu, kukula mwachangu, intaneti yachangu, kuphunzira mwachangu ... Kuthamanga kwakhala gawo lofunikira m'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. Tikufuna kuti chilichonse chikhale chosavuta, chachangu komanso chabwino. Kufunika kosalekeza kwa nthawi yochulukirapo, kuthamanga ndi zokolola ndizomwe zimayendetsa luso laukadaulo. Ndipo Armenia si malo omaliza mndandandawu.
Chitsanzo cha izi: palibe amene amafuna kuwononga nthawi atayima mizere. Masiku ano, pali njira zoyendetsera mizere zomwe zimalola makasitomala kusungitsa mipando yawo patali ndi kulandira mautumiki awo popanda kupanga mizere. Mapulogalamu opangidwa ku Armenia, monga Earlyone, amachepetsa nthawi yodikirira makasitomala potsata ndikuwongolera ntchito yonse.
Asayansi, mainjiniya ndi opanga mapulogalamu padziko lonse lapansi akuyeseranso kuthetsa mavuto apakompyuta mwachangu komanso moyenera. Kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zake, akugwira ntchito yopanga makompyuta a quantum. Lero tikudabwa ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa makompyuta omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka 20-30 zapitazo ndikukhala ndi zipinda zonse. Momwemonso, m'tsogolomu, anthu adzakondwera ndi makompyuta a quantum omwe akungopangidwa lero. N’kulakwa kuganiza kuti mitundu yonse ya njinga yapangidwa kale, ndipo n’kulakwanso kuganiza kuti umisiri woterewu ndi wopangidwa ndi mayiko otukuka okha.
Armenia ndi chitsanzo choyenera cha chitukuko cha IT
Gawo la ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) ku Armenia lakhala likukula pang'onopang'ono m'zaka khumi zapitazi. Enterprise Incubator Foundation, kampani yopangira mabizinesi aukadaulo komanso bungwe lokulitsa ukadaulo wazidziwitso ku Yerevan, lipoti kuti ndalama zonse zamakampani, zomwe zimaphatikizapo gawo la mapulogalamu ndi ntchito ndi gawo lopereka chithandizo pa intaneti, zidafika $ 922,3 miliyoni mu 2018, chiwonjezeko cha 20,5% kuyambira 2017.
Ndalama zochokera ku gawoli zimapanga 7,4% ya GDP yonse ya Armenia ($ 12,4 biliyoni), malinga ndi lipoti la dipatimenti yowerengera. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa boma, ntchito zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso mgwirizano wapamtima zikuthandizira kukula kosalekeza kwa gawo la ICT mdziko muno. Kupangidwa kwa Unduna wa Zaukadaulo Zapamwamba ku Armenia (kale gawoli lidayendetsedwa ndi Unduna wa Zoyendetsa, Kuyankhulana ndi Information Technologies) mwachiwonekere ndikupita patsogolo pakuwongolera zoyeserera ndi zothandizira pamakampani a IT.
SmartGate, a Silicon Valley venture capital fund, mu 2018 yake mwachidule za makampani opanga zamakono ku Armenia: "Lero, teknoloji ya ku Armenia ndi bizinesi yomwe ikukula mofulumira yomwe yawona kusintha kwakukulu kuchokera ku ntchito zakunja kupita ku kupanga zinthu. M'badwo wa mainjiniya okhwima watulukira pamalo omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri akugwira ntchito zotsogola m'mabungwe aukadaulo amitundu yambiri komanso oyambitsa Silicon Valley. Chifukwa kufunikira komwe kukuchulukirachulukira kwa akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zaukadaulo ndi chitukuko cha bizinesi sikungakwaniritsidwe pakanthawi kochepa kapena kocheperako kunyumba kapena kudzera m'masukulu am'deralo. ”
Mu June 2018, Prime Minister waku Armenia Nikol Pashinyan adanenanso kuti pakufunika akatswiri opitilira 4000 a IT ku Armenia. Ndiko kuti, pakufunika kuwongolera ndikusintha mwachangu magawo amaphunziro ndi sayansi. Mayunivesite angapo am'deralo ndi mabungwe akuchitapo kanthu kuti athandizire kukulitsa luso laukadaulo ndi kafukufuku wasayansi, monga:
- US Bachelor of Science mu pulogalamu ya Sayansi ya Data;
- Pulogalamu ya Master mu ziwerengero zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sayansi ya data ku Yerevan State University;
- kuphunzira pamakina ndi maphunziro ena okhudzana nawo, kafukufuku ndi ndalama zoperekedwa ndi ISTC (Innovative Solutions and Technologies Center);
- Academy of the Code of Armenia, YerevaNN ( labotale yophunzirira makina ku Yerevan);
- Chipata 42 (quantum computing labotale ku Yerevan), etc.
Magawo a Strategic amakampani a IT ku Armenia
Makampani akuluakulu aukadaulo akutenga nawo gawo pamaphunziro ndi chidziwitso / zokumana nazo. Pa gawo lofunikirali la kukula kwa ICT ku Armenia, kuyang'ana bwino kwa gawoli ndikofunikira. Mapulogalamu amaphunziro omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa pankhani ya sayansi ya data ndi kuphunzira kwamakina akuwonetsa kuti dziko likuyesetsa kwambiri kulimbikitsa magawo awiriwa. Osati kokha chifukwa akutsogolera zamakono zamakono padziko lapansi - pali kufunikira kwakukulu kwa akatswiri oyenerera m'mabizinesi omwe alipo kale, oyambitsa ndi ma laboratories ofufuza ku Armenia.
Gawo lina lofunikira lomwe limafunikira akatswiri ambiri aukadaulo ndi makampani ankhondo. Minister of High Technology Industry Hakob Arshakyan adachita chidwi kwambiri ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wankhondo, poganizira zovuta zachitetezo chankhondo zomwe dziko liyenera kuthetsa.
Magawo ena ofunikira akuphatikizapo sayansi yokha. Pakufunika kafukufuku wina, kafukufuku wamba komanso wachikhalidwe, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazatsopano. Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito zamatekinoloje kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko akhoza kukhala ndi chitukuko chothandiza chaukadaulo. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha ntchito yotereyi ndi quantum computing, yomwe ili kumayambiriro kwake ndipo imafuna ntchito yambiri ya asayansi aku Armenia ndikuchita nawo zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kenako, tiwona madera atatu aukadaulo mwatsatanetsatane: kuphunzira pamakina, ukadaulo wankhondo, ndi quantum computing. Ndi madera awa omwe angakhudze kwambiri mafakitale apamwamba a ku Armenia ndikulemba dziko pa mapu a sayansi yapadziko lonse.
IT ku Armenia: gawo la kuphunzira makina
Malinga ndi Data Science Central, Machine Learning (ML) ndi ntchito/kagawo kakang'ono ka nzeru zopanga "zoyang'ana pa luso la makina kutenga seti ya data ndikudziphunzitsa okha, kusintha ma algorithms pomwe chidziwitso chomwe akupanga chikuwonjezeka ndikusintha," ndi kuthetsa mavuto popanda kulowererapo kwa anthu. Pazaka khumi zapitazi, kuphunzira pamakina kwasokoneza dziko lapansi ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso kusiyanasiyana kwaukadaulo mu bizinesi ndi sayansi.
Ntchito zotere zikuphatikiza:
- kuyankhula ndi kuzindikira mawu;
- kupanga chinenero chachilengedwe (NGL);
- njira zodzipangira zokha zopangira zisankho zamabizinesi;
- chitetezo cha cyber ndi zina zambiri.
Pali zoyambira zingapo zopambana zaku Armenia zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mayankho ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, Krisp, yomwe ndi pulogalamu yapakompyuta yomwe imachepetsa phokoso lakumbuyo pama foni. Malinga ndi a David Bagdasarian, CEO komanso woyambitsa nawo 2Hz, kampani ya makolo a Krisp, mayankho awo ndi osintha paukadaulo wamawu. "M'zaka ziwiri zokha, gulu lathu lofufuza lapanga ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, womwe ulibe ma analogi padziko lonse lapansi. Gulu lathu lili ndi akatswiri 12, ambiri mwa iwo ali ndi ma doctorate a masamu ndi physics,” akutero Baghdasaryan. "Zithunzi zawo zimapachikidwa pamakoma a dipatimenti yathu yofufuza kuti tikumbuke zomwe adachita komanso chitukuko chawo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuganiziranso zamtundu wa mawu mukulankhulana kwenikweni, "akuwonjezera David Bagdasaryan, CEO wa 2Hz.
Krisp adatchedwa 2018 Audio Video Product of the Year ndi ProductHunt, nsanja yomwe imawonetsa matekinoloje aposachedwa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Crisp posachedwa adagwirizana ndi kampani yaku Armenian telecommunication Rostelecom, komanso makampani apadziko lonse lapansi monga Sitel Group, kuti azitumizira bwino mafoni ochokera kwa omwe angakhale makasitomala.
Kuyambitsa kwina koyendetsedwa ndi ML ndi SuperAnnotate AI, komwe kumathandizira magawo olondola azithunzi ndi kusankha kwazinthu kuti afotokozere zithunzi. Ili ndi algorithm yake yovomerezeka yomwe imathandiza makampani akuluakulu monga Google, Facebook ndi Uber kupulumutsa ndalama ndi anthu pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito zamanja, makamaka pogwira ntchito ndi zithunzi (SuperAnnotate AI imathetsa kusankha kosankhidwa kwa zithunzi, ndondomekoyi ndi nthawi 10 mofulumira nthawi 20. ndikudina kumodzi).
Palinso zoyambira zina zingapo zomwe zikukula za ML zomwe zikupanga Armenia kukhala malo ophunzirira makina m'derali. Mwachitsanzo:
- Renderforest popanga makanema ojambula, mawebusayiti ndi ma logo;
- Ogwirizana - nsanja yolimbikitsira antchito (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "ntchito yolemba ntchito", imakulolani kusankha anthu oyenerera popanda kuwononga nthawi);
- Chessify ndi pulogalamu yophunzitsa yomwe imayang'ana mayendedwe a chess, kuwona masitepe otsatira, ndi zina zambiri.
Zoyambira izi ndizofunikira osati chifukwa chakuti amagwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira pamakina kuti apereke ntchito zamabizinesi, komanso monga opanga phindu la sayansi kudziko laukadaulo.
Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamabizinesi ku Armenia, palinso njira zina zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri pakulimbikitsa ndi kukonza matekinoloje a ML ku Armenia. Izi zikuphatikiza chinthu cha YerevaNN. Ndi labotale yopanda phindu yasayansi yamakompyuta ndi masamu yomwe imayang'ana mbali zitatu za kafukufuku:
- kulosera nthawi mndandanda wa deta zachipatala;
- Natural chinenero processing ndi kuphunzira mozama;
- Kukula kwa "mabanki amitengo" aku Armenia (Treebank).
Dzikoli lilinso ndi nsanja yophunzirira makina komanso okonda otchedwa ML EVN. Pano iwo amachita kafukufuku, kugawana chuma ndi chidziwitso, kukonza zochitika za maphunziro, kugwirizanitsa makampani omwe ali ndi malo ophunzirira, ndi zina zotero. Malingana ndi ML EVN, makampani a IT aku Armenia amafunikira kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa makampani a ML, omwe, mwatsoka, gawo la maphunziro ndi sayansi la Armenian silimatero. akhoza kupereka. Komabe, kusiyana kwa luso kungathe kudzazidwa ndi mgwirizano wokhazikika pakati pa mabizinesi osiyanasiyana ndi gawo la maphunziro.
Quantum computing ngati gawo lalikulu la IT ku Armenia
Quantum computing ikuyembekezeka kukhala njira yotsatira yaukadaulo. IBM Q System One, makina oyamba padziko lonse lapansi opangira ma quantum computing opangidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zasayansi ndi malonda, adayambitsidwa pasanathe chaka chapitacho. Izi zikuwonetsa momwe ukadaulo uwu wasinthira.
Kodi quantum computing ndi chiyani? Uwu ndi mtundu watsopano wamakompyuta womwe umathetsa zovuta kupitilira zovuta zina zomwe makompyuta akale sangathe kuthana nazo. Makompyuta a Quantum akuthandizira kupezedwa m'malo ambiri, kuyambira pazaumoyo mpaka machitidwe azachilengedwe. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zidzangotenga masiku owerengeka komanso maola kuti athetse vuto la luso lamakono; monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse zingatenge zaka mabiliyoni ambiri.
Akuti mphamvu za quantum za mayiko zithandizira kudziwa njira zachuma zamtsogolo, monga mphamvu ya nyukiliya m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Izi zapanga zomwe zimatchedwa quantum race, zomwe zikuphatikiza USA, China, Europe komanso Middle East.
Zimaganiziridwa kuti mwamsanga dziko lilowa nawo mpikisano, lidzapeza osati luso lamakono kapena lachuma, komanso ndale.
Dziko la Armenia likuchitapo kanthu koyamba pakugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta potengera akatswiri angapo a sayansi ya sayansi ya makompyuta. Gate42, gulu lofufuza lomwe langokhazikitsidwa kumene lopangidwa ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zaku Armenia, asayansi apakompyuta ndi opanga mapulogalamu, amatengedwa ngati malo ofufuza a quantum ku Armenia.
Ntchito yawo imazungulira zolinga zitatu:
- kuchita kafukufuku wa sayansi;
- kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa maziko a maphunziro;
- Kukulitsa chidziwitso pakati pa akatswiri aukadaulo omwe ali ndi ukadaulo woyenerera kuti apange ntchito zomwe zingachitike mu quantum computing.
Mfundo yotsiriza sikugwirabe ntchito ku mabungwe apamwamba a maphunziro, koma gulu likupita patsogolo ndi zopindulitsa zomwe zapindula mu gawo la IT.
Kodi Gate42 ku Armenia ndi chiyani?
Gulu la Gate42 lili ndi mamembala 12 (ofufuza, alangizi ndi gulu la matrasti) omwe ali ofuna PhD ndi asayansi ochokera ku mayunivesite aku Armenia ndi akunja. Grant Gharibyan, Ph.D., ndi wasayansi pa yunivesite ya Stanford komanso membala wa gulu la Quantum AI ku Google. Komanso mlangizi wa Gate42, yemwe amagawana zomwe adakumana nazo, chidziwitso chake komanso akuchita ntchito yasayansi ndi gulu ku Armenia.
Katswiri wina, Vazgen Hakobjanyan, ndi woyambitsa mnzake wa Smartgate.vc, akugwira ntchito yopititsa patsogolo gulu lofufuzira limodzi ndi director Hakob Avetisyan. Avetisyan amakhulupirira kuti anthu quantum ku Armenia pa siteji iyi ndi yaing'ono ndi wodzichepetsa, alibe luso, labotale kafukufuku, mapulogalamu maphunziro, ndalama, etc.
Komabe, ngakhale ndi chuma chochepa, gululi linakwanitsa kuchita bwino, kuphatikizapo:
- kulandira thandizo kuchokera ku Unitary.fund (pulogalamu yoyang'ana pa kompyuta yotsegulira gwero la pulojekiti "Laibulale Yotseguka Yochepetsera Zolakwa za Quantum: Njira Zopangira Mapologalamu Opirira Phokoso la CPU");
- kukula kwa quantum chat prototype;
- kutenga nawo gawo mu Righetti Hackathon, pomwe asayansi adayesa ukulu wa quantum, ndi zina zambiri.
Gululi likukhulupirira kuti malangizowa ali ndi kuthekera kosangalatsa. Gate42 yokha idzachita zonse zomwe zingatheke kuti dziko la Armenia lizilemba pa mapu a sayansi yapadziko lonse lapansi ngati dziko lomwe likupanga quantum computing ndi ntchito zasayansi zopambana.
Chitetezo ndi cybersecurity ngati gawo laukadaulo la IT ku Armenia
Mayiko omwe amapanga zida zawozawo zankhondo amakhala odziimira okha komanso amphamvu, pazandale komanso pazachuma. Dziko la Armenia liyenera kulingalira za kulimbikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa zida zake zankhondo, osati pongotumiza kunja kokha, komanso pozipanga. Matekinoloje a cybersecurity nawonso ayenera kukhala patsogolo. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu chifukwa, malinga ndi National Cyber Security Index, Armenia ndi 25,97 yokha.
“Nthawi zina anthu amaganiza kuti tikungonena za zida kapena zida zankhondo. Komabe, kupanga ngakhale ma voliyumu ang'onoang'ono kungapereke ntchito zingapo komanso kubweza kwakukulu, "atero nduna ya High Technologies Hakob Arshakyan.
Arshakyan amawona kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mafakitalewa mu njira yake yopangira gawo laukadaulo wazidziwitso ku Armenia. Mabizinesi angapo, monga Astromaps, amapanga zida zapadera za ma helikoputala ndikupereka chidziwitso ku Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo kuti ipititse patsogolo ukadaulo wankhondo.
Posachedwa, Armenia idawonetsa zida zankhondo ku IDEX (International Defense Conference and Exhibition) ku UAE mu February 2019, komanso zida zamagetsi ndi zida zina zankhondo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dziko la Armenia likufuna kupanga zida zankhondo osati zongodya zokha, komanso zogulitsa kunja.
Malinga ndi a Karen Vardanyan, mkulu wa bungwe la Union of Advanced Technologies and Enterprises (UATE) ku Armenia, asilikali amafunikira akatswiri a IT kuposa madera ena. Zimapereka mwayi kwa ophunzira aukadaulo wazidziwitso mwayi woti azigwira ntchito zankhondo pomwe akupitiliza maphunziro awo popereka miyezi 4-6 pachaka kuti afufuze pazinthu zofunika zomwe zimakhudza usilikali. Vardanyan amakhulupiriranso kuti luso lomwe likukula mdziko muno, monga ophunzira a Armath Engineering Laboratories, pambuyo pake atha kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuthana ndi ukadaulo wankhondo.
Armath ndi pulogalamu yophunzitsa yopangidwa ndi UATE m'masukulu aboma ku Armenia. M’kanthaŵi kochepa, ntchitoyi yakhala yopambana kwambiri, ndipo panopa ili ndi ma laboratories 270 okhala ndi ophunzira pafupifupi 7000 m’masukulu osiyanasiyana ku Armenia ndi Artsakh.
Mabizinesi osiyanasiyana aku Armenia akugwiranso ntchito pachitetezo chazidziwitso. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la ArmSec Foundation limasonkhanitsa akatswiri odziwa zachitetezo cha pa intaneti kuti athane ndi zovuta zachitetezo mogwirizana ndi boma. Pokhala ndi nkhawa za kuchuluka kwa kuphwanya kwa data pachaka komanso kuwukira kwa intaneti ku Armenia, gululi limapereka chithandizo ndi njira zothetsera zida zankhondo ndi chitetezo, komanso mabungwe ena adziko lonse ndi mabungwe omwe akuyenera kuteteza deta ndi mauthenga.
Pambuyo pa zaka zingapo zogwira ntchito molimbika komanso kupirira, mazikowo adalengeza mgwirizano ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yatsopano komanso yodalirika yoyendetsera ntchito yotchedwa PN-Linux. Idzayang'ana pakusintha kwa digito ndi cybersecurity. Chilengezochi chinaperekedwa pa msonkhano wa chitetezo cha ArmSec 2018 ndi Samvel Martirosyan, yemwe ndi mkulu wa ArmSec Foundation. Ntchitoyi imatsimikizira kuti Armenia ndi sitepe imodzi pafupi ndi ulamuliro wamagetsi ndi kusungirako deta yotetezedwa, nkhani yomwe dziko lakhala likuyesera kulimbana nalo.
Pomaliza, tikufuna kuwonjezera kuti makampani opanga zamakono aku Armenia sayenera kuyang'ana pazigawo zitatu zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa. Komabe, ndi madera atatuwa omwe angakhale ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu, kutengera mabizinesi opambana omwe alipo, mapulogalamu amaphunziro ndi talente yomwe ikukula, komanso gawo lodziwika bwino lomwe amasewera paukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi monga kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo. Zoyambira zidzathandizanso kuthetsa zosowa ndi mavuto a nzika zambiri za Armenia.
Popeza kusintha kwachangu komwe kuli kwachilengedwe kwa gawo la IT padziko lonse lapansi, dziko la Armenia lidzakhala ndi chithunzi chosiyana kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019 - ndi chilengedwe chokhazikika, malo ofufuzira owonjezera, zopanga zogwira ntchito komanso zinthu zopambana.
Source: www.habr.com