Ndi Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa Gallup, chiwerengero cha anthu a ku Russia omwe akufuna kusamukira kudziko lina chawonjezeka katatu pazaka 11 zapitazi. Ambiri mwa anthuwa (44%) ndi ochepera zaka 29. Komanso, malinga ndi ziwerengero, United States ndi chidaliro pakati pa mayiko zofunika kwambiri osamukira ku Russia.
Chifukwa chake, ndinaganiza zosonkhanitsira deta imodzi pamitundu ya ma visa omwe ali oyenera akatswiri a IT (okonza, ogulitsa, ndi zina zotero) ndi amalonda, ndikuwawonjezeranso ndi maulalo a ntchito zothandiza kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso ndi zochitika zenizeni za anthu omwe akukhala nawo. atha kale kudutsa njira iyi.
Kusankha mtundu wa visa
Kwa akatswiri a IT ndi amalonda, mitundu itatu ya visa yantchito ndiyabwino kwambiri:
- H1B - visa yokhazikika yantchito, yomwe imalandiridwa ndi ogwira ntchito omwe adalandira chopereka kuchokera ku kampani yaku America.
- L1 - chitupa cha visa chikapezeka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito m'makampani apadziko lonse lapansi. Umu ndi momwe antchito amasamukira ku United States kuchokera ku maofesi a kampani ya ku America m'mayiko ena.
- O1 - visa ya akatswiri odziwika bwino pantchito yawo.
Iliyonse mwa zosankhazi ili ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zake.
H1B: thandizo la olemba ntchito ndi magawo
Anthu omwe alibe nzika zaku US kapena okhala mokhazikika ayenera kupeza visa yapadera - H1B - kugwira ntchito mdziko muno. risiti yake imathandizidwa ndi abwana - ayenera kukonzekera phukusi la zikalata ndi kulipira ndalama zosiyanasiyana.
Chilichonse ndichabwino apa kwa wogwira ntchito - kampaniyo imalipira chilichonse, ndizosavuta. Palinso masamba apadera, monga gwero , mothandizidwa ndi zomwe mungapeze makampani omwe akuyitanitsa ogwira ntchito mwachangu pa visa ya H1B.
Othandizira 20 apamwamba a visa malinga ndi data ya 2019
Koma pali drawback imodzi - si onse amene analandira chopereka ku American kampani adzatha kubwera ntchito yomweyo.
Ma visa a H1B amakhala ndi magawo omwe amasintha chaka chilichonse. Mwachitsanzo, gawo la chaka chachuma cha 2019 ndi ma visa 65 okha. Komanso, chaka chatha 199 zikwi zofunsira zinatumizidwa kuti zilandire. Pali olembetsa ambiri kuposa ma visa omwe amaperekedwa, kotero lottery imachitika pakati pa olembetsa. Zapezeka kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa mwayi wopambana ndi 1 mwa XNUMX.
Kuphatikiza apo, kupeza chitupa cha visa chikapezeka ndi kulipira chindapusa chonse kumawonongera abwana ndalama zosachepera $10, kuphatikiza kulipira malipiro. Chifukwa chake muyenera kukhala talente yamtengo wapatali kuti kampaniyo ivutike kwambiri ndikuyikabe pachiwopsezo chosawona wogwira ntchito mdziko muno chifukwa chotaya lottery ya H000B.
L1 visa
Makampani ena akuluakulu a ku America omwe ali ndi maofesi m'mayiko ena amadutsa malire a ma visa a H1B pogwiritsa ntchito ma visa a L. Pali mitundu ingapo ya visa iyi - imodzi mwa izo imapangidwira kusamutsidwa kwa oyang'anira apamwamba, ndipo ina ndi yonyamula antchito aluso (zapadera). odziwa ntchito) kupita ku United States.
Nthawi zambiri, kuti athe kusamukira ku United States popanda ma quota kapena malotale, wogwira ntchito ayenera kugwira ntchito ku ofesi yakunja kwa chaka chimodzi.
Makampani monga Google, Facebook ndi Dropbox amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi kunyamula akatswiri aluso. Mwachitsanzo, chiwembu chodziwika bwino ndi pomwe wogwira ntchito amagwira ntchito kwakanthawi muofesi ku Dublin, Ireland, kenako amasamukira ku San Francisco.
Zoyipa za njirayi ndizodziwikiratu - muyenera kukhala antchito ofunikira kuti musangalale osati kungoyambira pang'ono, koma kampani yokhala ndi maofesi m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Kenako muyenera kugwira ntchito m'dziko limodzi kwa nthawi yayitali, kenako ndikusamukira kuchiwiri (USA). Kwa anthu a mβbanja zimenezi zingabweretse mavuto ena.
Visa O1
Visa yamtunduwu imapangidwira anthu omwe ali ndi "luso lodabwitsa" pamagawo awo. M'mbuyomu, idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anthu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso othamanga, koma pambuyo pake idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi akatswiri a IT ndi amalonda.
Kuti tidziwe kuchuluka kwa kudzipatula ndi kudabwitsa kwa wopemphayo, mfundo zingapo zidapangidwa zomwe akuyenera kupereka umboni. Chifukwa chake, izi ndi zomwe muyenera kupeza visa ya O1:
- mphoto akatswiri ndi mphoto;
- umembala m'mabungwe a akatswiri omwe amavomereza akatswiri odabwitsa (osati aliyense amene angakwanitse kulipira chindapusa);
- kupambana pamipikisano ya akatswiri;
- kutenga nawo mbali ngati membala wa jury mu mpikisano wa akatswiri (ulamuliro womveka bwino wowunika ntchito za akatswiri ena);
- kutchulidwa m'ma TV (zofotokozera za ntchito, zoyankhulana) ndi zolemba zanu m'magazini apadera kapena asayansi;
- kukhala ndi udindo waukulu mu kampani yaikulu;
- umboni uliwonse wowonjezera umavomerezedwanso.
Ndizodziwikiratu kuti kuti mupeze visa iyi muyenera kukhala katswiri wamphamvu ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zingapo pamndandanda womwe uli pamwambapa. Kuipa kwa chitupa cha visa chikapezeka kuphatikizirapo kuvutika kuti mupeze, kufunikira kokhala ndi bwana yemwe pempholo lidzaperekedwa kuti liganizidwe, komanso kulephera kusintha ntchito mosavuta - mutha kulembedwa ntchito ndi kampani yomwe idapereka. pempho ku ntchito yosamukira.
Ubwino waukulu ndikuti amaperekedwa kwa zaka 3; palibe ma quotas kapena zoletsa zina kwa omwe ali nawo.
Nkhani yeniyeni yopezera visa ya O1 ikufotokozedwa pa Habrahabr mu .
Kusonkhanitsa uthenga
Mukasankha mtundu wa visa yomwe ikuyenerani, muyenera kukonzekera kusuntha kwanu. Kuphatikiza pa kuphunzira zolemba pa intaneti, palinso mautumiki angapo omwe mungapeze nawo chidziwitso cha chidwi chanu. Nawa awiri omwe amatchulidwa kawirikawiri m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri:
Ntchito yofunsira yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri kuyankha mafunso okhudza kusamukira ku USA. Chilichonse chimagwira ntchito mophweka - pa webusaitiyi mutha kupeza zikalata zotsimikiziridwa ndi maloya ndi mafotokozedwe pang'onopang'ono a kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma visa, kapena kuyitanitsa kusonkhanitsa deta pa mafunso anu.
Wogwiritsa ntchito amasiya pempho lomwe akuwonetsa mafunso okhudza chidwi (kuchokera ku zovuta kusankha mtundu wa visa kupita ku nkhani za ntchito, kuyendetsa bizinesi ndi zovuta za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga kupeza nyumba ndi kugula galimoto). Mayankho atha kulandiridwa panthawi yoyimba kanema kapena m'mawu ndi maulalo azikalata zovomerezeka, ndemanga kuchokera kwa akatswiri oyenerera - kuchokera kwa oyimira ma visa mpaka owerengera ndalama ndi ogulitsa nyumba. Akatswiri onsewa amasankhidwa - wogwiritsa ntchito amalandira malingaliro kuchokera kwa akatswiri omwe gulu lautumiki lagwira ntchito kale.
Mwa zina, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyitanitsa ntchito yodziyimira pawokha - gulu la projekitiyo lithandizira kuyankhula za zomwe akatswiri akwaniritsa mu chilankhulo cha Chirasha komanso chilankhulo cha Chingerezi - izi zitha kukhala zothandiza, mwachitsanzo, kupeza visa ya O1 yomwe tafotokoza pamwambapa.
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Utumiki wina waupangiri womwe umagwira ntchito pamitundu yosiyana pang'ono. Ndi nsanja yomwe ogwiritsa ntchito angapeze ndikufunsira ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana komanso mizinda.
Mukasankha dziko lomwe mukufuna komanso njira yosunthira (chitupa cha visa chikapezeka ntchito, kuphunzira, ndi zina zambiri), dongosololi likuwonetsa mndandanda wa anthu omwe adasamukira kumalo ano mwanjira yomweyo. Kukambirana kungathe kulipidwa kapena kwaulere - zonse zimadalira zofuna za mlangizi wina. Kulankhulana kumachitika kudzera pa macheza.
Kuphatikiza pa mautumiki ofunsira omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi anthu olankhula Chirasha, palinso zidziwitso zothandiza zapadziko lonse lapansi. Nazi zothandiza kwambiri kwa akatswiri omwe akuganiza zosuntha:
Ntchitoyi imaphatikiza zambiri zamalipiro mu gawo laukadaulo loperekedwa ndi makampani aku America. Pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba ili, mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa opanga mapulogalamu omwe amalipidwa m'makampani akuluakulu monga Amazon, Facebook kapena Uber, ndikufaniziranso malipiro a mainjiniya m'maboma ndi mizinda yosiyanasiyana.
Paysa imathanso kuwonetsa luso ndi matekinoloje opindulitsa kwambiri. Ndizotheka kuwona malipiro apakati a omaliza maphunziro ochokera ku mayunivesite osiyanasiyana - chinthu chofunikira kwa iwo omwe akuganiza zophunzira ku USA ndi cholinga chopanga ntchito mtsogolo.
Kutsiliza: Zolemba za 5 zokhala ndi zitsanzo zenizeni za kusamuka kwa akatswiri ndi amalonda
Pomalizira pake, ndinasankha nkhani zingapo zolembedwa ndi anthu amene anasamukiradi ku United States kukagwira ntchito kumeneko. Zidazi zili ndi mayankho a mafunso ambiri okhudza kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya visa, kuyankhulana, kukhazikika pa malo atsopano, ndi zina zotero:
Ngati mukudziwa zida zilizonse zothandiza, mautumiki, zolemba, maulalo omwe sanaphatikizidwe pamutuwu, agawane nawo mu ndemanga, ndisintha zomwe zalembedwazo kapena kulemba zatsopano, zina zambiri.
mwatsatanetsatane. Zikomo nonse chifukwa cha chidwi chanu!
Chitsime: www.habr.com