Tikukuuzani omwe akuyembekezeka kunja ndikuyankha mafunso ovuta okhudza kusamutsidwa kwa akatswiri a IT kupita ku England ndi Germany.
Ife mu zoyambiranso zimatumizidwa nthawi zambiri. Timamasulira mosamala aliyense wa iwo ndikutumiza kwa kasitomala. Ndipo m’maganizo timamufunira zabwino munthu amene wasankha kusintha zinazake m’moyo wake. Kusintha kumakhala kwabwino nthawi zonse, sichoncho? 😉
Kodi mungafune kudziwa ngati mwalandilidwa kunja ndikulandila malangizo osamukira ku Europe? Ifenso tikuzifuna! Choncho, takonzekera mndandanda wa mafunso ndipo tidzawafunsa kwa anzathu - kampani , kumene akatswiri olankhula Chirasha amathandizidwa kupeza ntchito ndi kumanga ntchito yabwino kunja.
Anyamatawa adayambitsa pulojekiti yatsopano ya YouTube , kumene otchulidwa amagawana nkhani zawo za kusamukira ku England, Germany ndi Sweden, ndikuchotsa nthano zokhuza kugwira ntchito ndi kukhala kunja.
Kumanani ndi wotitsogolera lero, Elmira Maksudova, IT & tech career consultant.
Elmira, chonde tiuzeni chimene nthawi zambiri chimasonkhezera anthu athu kusamukira ku England?
Inde, aliyense ali ndi zolinga zake ndipo si chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe chimakakamiza munthu kuti asamuke, koma zochitika zonse.
Koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala:
- Finance: malipiro, penshoni system.
- Ubwino wa moyo ndi mwayi wotuluka: mlingo wa chikhalidwe, nyengo / zachilengedwe, chitetezo, chitetezo cha ufulu, mankhwala, khalidwe la maphunziro.
- Mwayi wotukuka mwaukadaulo: akatswiri ambiri a IT omwe tidawafunsa amawunika luso lantchito zaku Russia ngati "zotsika kwambiri" kapena "zotsika," kuphatikiza mfundo yakuti matekinoloje ambiri aku Western ayamba kusinthidwa ndi mayankho aku Russia, omwe ndi madongosolo angapo aukadaulo. kukula kumbuyo. Komanso, malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, otukula ambiri akukhumudwa ndi boma ndi msinkhu wa kasamalidwe ka Russia.
- Kusayembekezereka ndi kusakhazikika pakati pa anthu, kusowa chidaliro m'tsogolomu.
Yolembedwa mu
Ndi zapaderazi ziti zomwe zili ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza ntchito yabwino mosavuta komanso mwachangu?
Ngati tilankhula za UK, ndiye kuti maudindo osowa ndi njira yosavuta yopezera visa yantchito malinga ndi kuphatikiza oyang'anira zinthu, opanga, opanga masewera, ndi akatswiri achitetezo pa intaneti. Akatswiri oyesa ndi owunika, DevOps, mainjiniya amachitidwe (virtualization ndi mayankho amtambo), Oyang'anira Mapulogalamu, kuphunzira pamakina ndi akatswiri a Big Data nawonso akufunika. Kufunika kwazinthu izi kwakhala kukukulirakulira pazaka 5 zapitazi. Zinthu zilinso chimodzimodzi m’mayiko monga Germany, Holland, ndi Switzerland.
Kodi maphunziro aku Europe ndi okakamizidwa?
Maphunziro aku Europe sizofunikira. Ndipo ngati maphunziro apamwamba ndi ovomerezeka zimadalira dziko.
Kuti mupeze visa yaku UK Kukhala ndi dipuloma muzapadera sichofunikira.
Koma, mwachitsanzo, ku Germany zinthu nzosiyana. Ngati mwayi wopeza, ndiye dipuloma yamaphunziro apamwamba ikufunika kuti mupeze visa iyi. Komanso, diploma iyenera kukhala mu database. Wosankhidwayo angayang'ane kukhalapo kwa yunivesite mu database iyi, ndipo zingakhale bwino ngati atatchula izi panthawi yofunsidwa. Ngati yunivesite yanu ilibe database ya Anabin, iyenera kutsimikiziridwa - Dipatimenti Yapakati Yophunzitsa Zachilendo.
Ngati tilankhula za chilolezo chantchito ku Germany, ndiye kuti popanda maphunziro apamwamba mutha kupeza mwayi wokhala ndikugwira ntchito ku Germany, koma zimatengera nthawi yayitali komanso ndizowopsa. Apa ndipamene macheke ambiri adzafunika. Tili ndi nkhani yotero mu ntchito yathu tsopano. Pofunsira chitupa cha visa chikapezeka ntchito, makalata oyamikira ankafunika, umboni wakuti panali kugwirizana kwambiri pakati pa zimene zinachitikira m’mbuyomu ndi udindo umene kasitomala akufunsira.
Si makampani onse omwe akudziwa kuti izi ndizotheka. Chifukwa chake, pakukambirana, ndimatsindika nthawi zonse kuti ofuna kusankhidwa okha ayenera kudziwa chilichonse chokhudza visa yantchito ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, auzeni abwana anu kuti izi ndizotheka komanso zomwe zikalata ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa. Milandu yomwe munthu akukonzekera ntchito yake ndiyofala, makamaka ku Germany.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Felipe Furtado pa Unsplash
Chofunika kwambiri ndi chiyani - luso lantchito kapena luso linalake? Ndipo ngati luso, ndiye chiyani?
Chofunika si kuchuluka kwa zaka zomwe mwakhala mukugwira ntchito, koma kufunika kwa zomwe mwakumana nazo. Tili ndi makasitomala ambiri omwe amasintha ntchito zawo ndikulandira maphunziro m'gawo losiyana kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mayendedwe → kasamalidwe ka projekiti, matekinoloje amtaneti → kusanthula deta, chitukuko → kapangidwe ka ntchito. Zikatero, ngakhale chidziwitso cha polojekiti mkati mwa dissertation kapena internship chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri komanso choyenera kwambiri pa mbiri yanu kuposa, mwachitsanzo, kuyang'anira zaka 5 zapitazo.
Maluso olimba a akatswiri aukadaulo ndiwofunikira, koma nthawi zambiri pamlingo wowongolera. Nthawi zambiri, mipata imapereka maukadaulo osiyanasiyana, ndiko kuti, osati zaka 5 ku C++, koma luso logwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje angapo: C++, Erlang, Kernel Development (Unix/Linux/Win), Scala, ndi zina zambiri.
Maluso ofewa ndi ofunikira kwambiri. Uku ndiko kumvetsetsa kwa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe, luso loyankhulana m'njira yoyenera, kuthetsa mavuto ndikupeza kumvetsetsana pa nkhani za ntchito. Zonsezi zimafufuzidwa pa siteji yoyankhulana. Koma “kulankhula kwa moyo wonse” sikungagwire ntchito. Pali masamu ena omwe amapangidwa muzoyankhulana, pamaziko omwe kuwunika kwa wophunzirayo kumapangidwa. Timakuthandizani kuphunzira malamulowa ndikuphunzira kusewera ndi malamulo a olemba ntchito.
Elmira, ndiuze moona mtima, kodi ukufunikira kudziwa Chingerezi kuti ukagwire ntchito ku England?
Akatswiri a IT nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidziwitso choyambirira cha Chingerezi pamlingo waukadaulo - ntchito zonse zimayenderana ndi Chingerezi (malangizo, ma code, zida zophunzitsira, zolemba za ogulitsa, ndi zina). Mlingo waukadaulo wa chilankhulocho udzakhala wokwanira pamakalata, zolemba, kupezeka pamisonkhano - awa ndi malo olowera komanso apakati paopanga, opanga makina ndi ma network, akatswiri opanga ma data, oyesa, opanga mafoni. Kukambirana pamlingo wapakatikati, pamene mutha kutenga nawo mbali pazokambirana, fotokozani zomwe mwasankha ndi malingaliro anu - iyi ndi gawo lapamwamba la maudindo omwewo. Pali maudindo aukadaulo (mosasamala kanthu za a Junior kapena Senior level) pomwe kuyankhula bwino mu Chingerezi ndikofunikira kwambiri ndipo kumatha kukhala njira yowunikira munthu yemwe akufuna kusankhidwa - Zogulitsa Zisanachitike / Zogulitsa, mainjiniya, okonza, owunikira machitidwe ndi mabizinesi, omanga, oyang'anira ma Project ndi Product. , thandizo la ogwiritsa ntchito (Kupambana kwa Makasitomala / Wothandizira Makasitomala), oyang'anira akaunti.
Zachidziwikire, Chingerezi cholankhulidwa bwino chimafunikira ndi oyang'anira: mwachitsanzo, pa maudindo monga mtsogoleri wamagulu, wotsogolera ukadaulo, wotsogolera ntchito (IT Infrastructure Management) kapena director director.
Nanga bwanji Chijeremani / Chidatchi ndi zilankhulo zina kupatula Chingerezi?
Ponena za chidziwitso cha chilankhulo chaku Germany, Holland ndi Switzerland, sizofunikira ngati mumalankhula Chingerezi. M’mizinda ikuluikulu simufunikira kwenikweni kudziŵa chinenerocho, koma m’mizinda ina moyo wanu udzakhala wosavuta ngati mumalankhula chinenero chakumaloko.
Ngati mukupanga mapulani apatali, ndiye kuti n’zomveka kuphunzira chinenerocho. Ndipo ndi bwino kuyamba musanasamuke. Choyamba, mudzakhala odzidalira kwambiri (polembetsa, kufunafuna nyumba, ndi zina zotero), ndipo kachiwiri, mudzawonetsa kampaniyo chidwi chanu.
Zaka? Kodi ofunsira sakuganiziridwanso ali ndi zaka ziti?
Kuchokera kumbali ya olemba anzawo ntchito: Ku Ulaya ndi ku UK, pali lamulo loletsa kusankhana zaka - limaumirizidwa kwambiri kotero kuti olemba anzawo ntchito samawona zaka ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zolemba ganyu. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi luso lanu laukadaulo, ukadaulo, mbiri yanu, maluso ndi zokhumba zanu.
Kumbali yanu, monga ofuna kusankhidwa, ndi bwino kusamuka musanakwanitse zaka 50. Apa tikukamba za kumasuka ndi chikhumbo chofuna kusintha, zokolola ndi kuzindikira kokwanira kwa zinthu zatsopano.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Adam Wilson pa Unsplash
Tiuzeni momwe kusamuka kumachitikira nthawi zambiri?
Chochitika chofala kwambiri ndi chakuti mukuyang'ana ntchito kutali, fufuzani zoyankhulana (choyamba kuyimba kanema, kenako misonkhano yaumwini), kulandira ntchito, kuvomerezana ndi zomwe mukufuna, kupeza visa ndikusuntha.
Mtunduwu sufuna ndalama zambiri ndipo umatenga pafupifupi miyezi 1 mpaka 6, kutengera momwe mukufunira ntchito komanso dziko lomwe mukufuna kupitako. Tili ndi makasitomala omwe adadutsa magawo onse osankhidwa m'mwezi umodzi ndipo adalandira visa m'masabata a 1 (Germany). Ndipo pali zochitika pamene nthawi yokhayo yopezera visa ikuwonjezeka kwa miyezi 2 (Great Britain).
"Zosasangalatsa" funso. Kodi ndizotheka kusuntha ndekha popanda thandizo lanu?
Inde mungathe. Ndibwino pamene munthu ali ndi chilimbikitso champhamvu ndipo ali wokonzeka kuphunzira nkhaniyi ndikuchita zonse yekha. Nthawi zambiri timalandira makalata ngati awa: “Ndinaonera mavidiyo anu onse 100 , anatsatira malangizo onse, anapeza ntchito n’kusamuka. Ndingakuthokoza bwanji?”
Nanga n’cifukwa ciani timatelo? Ukatswiri wathu ndi chida ndi chidziwitso chomwe munthu amalandira kuti athetse vuto lake lenileni moyenera komanso mwachangu. Mutha kuphunzira pa snowboard nokha, ndipo posakhalitsa mudzapitabe, ndi mphuno osati nthawi yomweyo, koma mudzapita. Kapena mukhoza kutenga mphunzitsi ndikupita tsiku lotsatira, kumvetsetsa bwino ndondomekoyi. Funso lakuchita bwino komanso nthawi. Cholinga chathu ndi kupereka munthu chidziwitso ndi kumvetsetsa mfundo za msika wogwira ntchito m'dziko linalake ndipo, ndithudi, kugawana nawo.
Tiyeni tikambirane za malipiro, kodi akatswiri aukadaulo angapeze ndalama zingati ku UK?
Malipiro a Madivelopa ku Russia ndi UK amasiyana kangapo: Wopanga mapulogalamu: £17 ndi £600, Senior Software Engineer: £70 ndi £000, woyang'anira polojekiti ya IT: £19 ndi £000 pachaka ku Russia ndi UK motsatana.
Poganizira za msonkho, ndalama zomwe katswiri wa IT amapeza pamwezi ndi pafupifupi £3800-£5500.
Ngati mutapeza ntchito ya £30 pachaka, ndiye kuti mudzakhala ndi £ 000 pamwezi m'manja - izi zikhoza kukhala zokwanira kwa munthu m'modzi, koma simungathe kukhala ndi banja lanu pa ndalamazi - onse awiri ayenera kugwira ntchito.
Koma ngati malipiro anu ndi £65 (avareji ya wopanga mapulogalamu, mainjiniya ophunzirira deta/makina), ndiye kuti mudzalandira £000 m'manja mwanu - zomwe ndi zomasuka kale kwa banja.
Manambalawo ndi okoma, koma okhawo sanganene kuti moyo wa munthu udzasintha kwambiri. Tiyeni tifanizire malipiro a msonkho ku Russia ndi UK ndi mtengo wa katundu kapena ntchito zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse.
Zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti uku ndikufanizira kolakwika, ndipo kulakwitsa kwa ambiri ndikoyesa kuyerekeza malita a mkaka, ma kilogalamu a maapulo, mtengo waulendo wa metro kapena lendi yanyumba. Kuyerekeza kotereku kuli kopanda phindu - awa ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana ogwirizanitsa.
England ndi Europe ali ndi misonkho yopita patsogolo, misonkho ndi yokwera kuposa ku Russia ndipo imachokera ku 30 mpaka 55%.
Lita imodzi ya mkaka imakhala yofanana, koma mukathyola chinsalu pa iPhone 11 Pro yanu, ku Russia mudzayenera kulipira ndalama zokonzekera, koma ku EU / UK azikonza kwaulere. Ngati mutagula chinachake pa intaneti ndikusintha maganizo anu, ku Russia mudzazunzidwa kuti mubwezeretse, koma ku EU / UK simukusowa ngakhale risiti. Mapulatifomu ogulitsa pakompyuta monga Amazon/Ebay, omwe amapereka katundu pa nthawi yake ndikukutetezani ku chinyengo, sangafanane ndi malo ogulitsira pa intaneti, komanso makamaka ndi makalata aku Russia.
Inshuwaransi yazamalonda ku EU / UK imagwira ntchito ngati mawotchi, ndipo simuyenera kutsimikizira kuti munali oyenera; ku Russia, mudzatopa kutsimikizira kuti kuyang'ana makutu a mwana kwa nthawi ya 15 m'zaka ziwiri osati matenda opangidwa kale, ngakhale matenda aakulu - ichi ndi chochitika cha inshuwalansi. Kuphunzitsa mwana chinenero cha Chingerezi (ndi maganizo) mu maphunziro mkati mwa maphunziro ndi masukulu kapena m'malo achilengedwe ndi olankhula. Ngati mwana wanu akuvutitsidwa kusukulu, kusiya sukulu, ku EU/UK kuli ndi mlandu kwa makolo pa izi.
Kubwereka nyumba ku Ulaya kapena ku England nthawi zambiri (makamaka banja) kumasintha kukhala mwayi wogula nyumba yanu (chiwongola dzanja chochepa pa ngongole ndi ngongole) kapena ngakhale nyumba (yomwe si yachilendo kwa anthu ambiri okhala ku Moscow), amakhala madera akumidzi ndikupita ku London (kapena osayenda ndikugwira ntchito kutali).
Ku England, sukulu ya ana osakwana zaka 3 idzagula avareji ya £200-£600 pamwezi. Pambuyo pa zaka 3, ana onse amalandira maola 15 a maphunziro a kusukulu ya sekondale pa sabata pa ndalama za boma.
Pali masukulu aboma komanso aboma. Ndalama zolipirira payekha zimatha kufika pa £50 pachaka, koma pali masukulu aboma omwe amawerengedwa kuti "zabwino kwambiri" (ndi Ofsted) - amapereka maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri ndipo ndi aulere.
NHS ndi chithandizo chaumoyo chaulere chapagulu pamlingo wabwino, koma ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi inshuwaransi yophatikizika ndi malonda ovomerezeka m'maiko onse padziko lapansi, zimawononga £300-500 pamunthu pamwezi.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Aron Van de Pol pa Unsplash
Chabwino, ndatsala pang'ono kusankha kusamukira ku England. Koma ndikuwopa pang’ono kuti adzanditenga ngati mlendo wogwira ntchito, kuti ndiyenera kugwira ntchito maola 24 patsiku ndipo sindingathe kupita kukamwa khofi.
Za ogwira ntchito alendo: London ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana, pali alendo ambiri ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, kotero mudzapeza kuti muli mumkhalidwe womwewo monga ambiri akuzungulira. Choncho, palibe lingaliro la wogwira ntchito wosamukira kwina kulikonse. Pali masewera osangalatsa otere - werengani kuchuluka kwa zilankhulo zakunja m'galimoto yapansi panthaka ku London. Manambala amatha kufika pa 30, ndipo izi zili m'ngolo imodzi.
Zokhudza kugwira ntchito mopambanitsa: Kugwira ntchito mopambanitsa kumakhala kofala kwambiri poyambira, ndiyeno pokhapokha pamlingo winawake. Otsatsa amawona ndandanda yantchito "yopenga" ngati chinthu chowopsa. Kukhazikika kwa moyo wantchito kumalimbikitsidwa kwambiri.
Amaonanso kutopa kwambiri. Malinga ndi lamulo ku UK, "wolemba ntchito amayenera kuyesa kupsinjika kwa ntchito ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti apewe matenda okhudzana ndi kupsinjika kwa ntchito." Kupsa mtima ku UK kuli ndi vuto la matenda, ndipo ngati zizindikiro zikuwonekera, pitani kwa dokotala, adzatsimikiza kuti mwapanikizika, ndipo mukhoza kutenga sabata kapena kuposerapo kuntchito. Lilipo zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimasamalira thanzi lanu lamalingaliro. Kotero ngati mwatopa ndipo mukufuna kulankhula za izo, inu mukudziwa kumene kuitana (ndipo ngakhale Russian).
Ndili ndi ana awiri, mwamuna ndi mphaka. Kodi ndingatenge nawo?
Inde, ngati muli ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi, amalandira ndi ufulu wogwira ntchito mdziko muno. Ana osakwana zaka 18 amalandiranso visa yodalira. Ndipo palibe zovuta ndi nyama - njira yonyamulira ziweto imafotokozedwa momveka bwino.
Sindikufuna kulankhulanso za ndalama, koma ndiyenera kutero. Kodi ndifunika kusunga ndalama zingati kuti ndisamuke?
Kawirikawiri izi ndi ndalama za visa + £ 945 mu akaunti yanu yakubanki masiku 90 musanapemphe visa ya Tier 2 + renti ya miyezi itatu + £ 3-500 pamwezi pamtengo (malingana ndi moyo wanu - wina akhoza kukhala ndi mapaundi 1000 pa sabata , amadziphika yekha, akukwera njinga / njinga yamoto yovundikira, amakonda kugula matikiti a ndege kapena konsati pasadakhale (inde, ngakhale ndalama zamtunduwu mutha kuwuluka kupita ku Europe ndikukacheza pa zikondwerero), ndipo wina amadya m'malesitilanti, amayenda pagalimoto kapena taxi, amagula zinthu zatsopano ndi matikiti masiku angapo asananyamuke).
Zikomo kwa Elmira chifukwa choyankhulana. Ngati muli ndi mafunso, asiyeni mu ndemanga.
M'nkhani zotsatirazi, tikambirana momwe tingapangire pitilizani ndikulemba kalata yoyambira kuti muzindikire. Tiyeni tiwone ngati kusaka anthu pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi kofala ku UK ndikukhudzanso mutu wapamwamba wamtundu wamunthu. Dzimvetserani!
P.S. Ngati ndinu munthu wolimba mtima komanso wolimbikitsidwa, siyani ulalo wakuyambiranso kwanu mu ndemanga pasanafike pa Okutobala 22.10.2019, XNUMX, kuti titha kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chamoyo kuti tiwone zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika komanso momwe.
Za wolemba
Nkhaniyi inalembedwa ku Alconost.
ndi ntchito yomasulira pa intaneti m'zilankhulo 70 zopangidwa ndi Alconost.
Nitro ndi yabwino kwa ndi zilankhulo zina. Kuyambiranso kwanu kudzatumizidwa kwa womasulira wolankhula chilankhulo, yemwe adzamasulira mawuwo molondola komanso mwaluso. Nitro ilibe dongosolo locheperako, kotero ngati mukufuna kusintha kuyambiranso kwanu kotanthauziridwa, mutha kutumiza mizere ingapo kuti mutanthauzire mosavuta. Ntchitoyi ndi yachangu: 50% yamaoda ali okonzeka mkati mwa maola 2, 96% pasanathe maola 24.
Source: www.habr.com