Elon Musk ndi m'modzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Katswiri, wazamalonda komanso miliyoneya wokhala ndi malingaliro osayerekezeka. PayPal, Tesla, SpaceX ndi zonse zomwe adalenga, ndipo wochita bizinesiyo sadzayima pama projekiti ochepa okha omwe apambana padziko lonse lapansi. Iye amasonkhezera anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ndi chitsanzo chake ndipo amatsimikizira kuti ngakhale munthu mmodzi angathe kusintha dziko kukhala labwino.
Elon Musk amalankhula zambiri pamisonkhano ndi masemina, amapereka zoyankhulana ndikuyendetsa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti. Ndipo ambiri mwa mafanizi ake adawona kuti Chingerezi chake ndi chosiyana ndi chapamwamba cha ku America.
M'nkhaniyi tisanthula mwatsatanetsatane Chingerezi cha Elon Musk, katchulidwe kake komanso katchulidwe ka mawu. Tisanthulanso momwe chilankhulo cha Chingerezi cha munthu wamalonda chasinthira zaka 20 zapitazi. Kotero, tiyeni tizipita.
Mawu a Elon Musk: South Africa kapena America?
Elon Musk anakhala ubwana wake ku Pretoria, likulu la Republic of South Africa. Chingelezi ndi chinenero chovomerezeka ku South Africa, choncho chimaphunzitsidwa kusukulu ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Chikoka cha chinenero cha Chiafrikaans pa chitukuko cha Chingerezi ku South Africa ndi chochepa kwambiri, koma ponena za katchulidwe ndi katchulidwe ka mawu kumamvekabe.
Kumayambiriro kwa bizinesi yake, Elon Musk anali ndi mawu omveka bwino a Praetorian. Izi zikhoza kumveka bwino makamaka m'mavidiyo oyambirira ndi iye.
Cha m'ma 1999, Musk adatchuka komanso chuma. Njira yolipirira ya PayPal, yomwe ndi woyambitsa nawo, yapezeka padziko lonse lapansi mchaka chimodzi chokha cha chitukuko.
Kanemayo akuwonetsa bwino Elon Musk akuyankhula. Ndipo mawu ake akum'mwera akuwoneka bwino, omwe adasinthidwa pang'ono pokhala ku Canada (mu 1999, wochita bizinesiyo ankakhalabe ku Canada).
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mawu a Musk sali akumwera konse. Muli Achimereka ambiri mmenemo.
Mwachitsanzo, chinthu chodziwika bwino cha katchulidwe ka ku South Africa ndiko kutchulidwa kwa diphthong "ai" m'mawu monga moyo, kuwala, nkhondo. Mu mtundu waku America, onse amatchulidwa ndi [aɪ]: [laɪf], [laɪt], [faɪt].
Mutha kumvera kumveka kwa mawu ndi katchulidwe kakale ka ku America .
Ku Southern English, [aɪ] nthawi zambiri amakhala [ɔɪ], monga zokwiyitsa kapena chidole.
Koma mukulankhula kwa Elon Musk, mawu akuti kuwala ndi moyo amamveka bwino ku khutu la America. Mutha kuzimva mu kanema pamwambapa.
Musk amagwiritsa ntchito Chimereka [r] wamba, pomwe nsonga ya lilime imakhala yosasunthika komanso yosagwedezeka. Mu kalankhulidwe ka ku South Africa, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu olimba kwambiri [r], omwe amamveka pafupi ndi Chirasha. Zonse zimatengera mawonekedwe a katchulidwe ka mawuwa mu Chiafrikaans - pamenepo ndi ovuta kuposa mu Chingerezi.
Katchulidwe ka Musk waku America waku [r] ndikosavuta kufotokoza. Hard [r] amalankhulidwa kwambiri ndi anthu aku South Africa, omwe chilankhulo chawo choyamba ndi Chiafrikaans ndi Chingerezi ngati chilankhulo chawo chachiwiri. Elon ali ndi zosiyana: Chingerezi ndi chinenero chake, ndipo Afrikaans ndi chinenero chake chachiwiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, chikoka chokhala ku Canada ndiyeno United States chasintha chilankhulo cha Musk pang'ono.
Tsopano tisanthula zomwe zalankhulidwa ku South Africa zomwe zasungidwa mukulankhula kwa Musk mpaka lero.
Kupanda kuyimitsa mawu ndi kumeza mawu
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za Chingelezi cha ku South Africa ndi kuchuluka kwa malankhulidwe komanso kusakhalapo kwathunthu kwa kupuma pakati pa mawu.
Ngati mu English English kupuma kumamveka bwino, ku America kungakhale kulibe pamatchulidwe a nkhani kapena kusokoneza, ndiye kuti ku South Africa chiganizo chonse chikhoza kutchulidwa ndi mpweya umodzi, popanda kupuma konse.
Elon Musk ali ndi chilankhulo chofulumira kwambiri. Iye samaima kaye pakati pa mawu. Ndipo chifukwa cha ichi, satha kutchula mawu ambiri. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chitsanzo.
M'mawu oti have, wabizinesi nthawi zambiri amatulutsa mawu [h], kotero m'malo mwa [hæv] amakhala ['æv]. Komanso, mayina ofunikira omwe amayamba ndi chilembo H nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mawu.
Musk nthawi zambiri amameza mavawelo m'nkhani ndi matchulidwe. Iwo, awo, awo ndi ofanana. M’mawu ofulumira, amatsitsa mavawelo ndi kutchula liwulo limodzi ndi lotsatira.
Ndinkagwira ntchito m'sitolo ya penti ... - Ndinagwira ntchito mu shopu ya penti.
00:00:39Musk amatchula mawu akuti "Ndinagwira ntchito mu shopu ya penti" mumayendedwe amodzi. Izi zachitika motere: [aɪ wɜrkɪn' z'peɪnʃɑp].
Mutha kumva bwino kuti m'mawu oti "anagwira ntchito," Musk adasiya mathero "-ed," chifukwa chake "kugwira ntchito" kumamveka ngati "kugwira ntchito." Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nkhani yakuti "the" yafupika pafupifupi kwathunthu - phokoso lokha [z] ndilotsalira, lomwe limamveka ngati mawu oyambirira a mawu otsatirawa. Ndi [z], osati [ð] kapena [θ]. Komanso, pophatikiza mawu oti “sitolo yopaka utoto” phokosolo [t] linagwetsedwa.
Mawu achidule ofanana amapezekanso mu American English, koma pamlingo wocheperako.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti izi zitha kumveka muzoyankhulana za Musk, pomwe amalankhula mokhudza mtima. M'masewero amasewera mulibe mawu ophatikizana.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu [z] pafupipafupi
Mu kalankhulidwe ka ku South Africa, mawu akuti [z] (monga mu zip kapena mbidzi) amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'malo mwa [s].
Elon Musk amachitanso izi. Ndipo osati m'mawu wamba, komanso m'dzina la kampani yake - Tesla.
Mu Chingerezi chaku America, Tesla angatchulidwe kuti [ˈtɛslə]. Anthu a ku Britain nthawi zambiri amatchula mawu a [s] m'mawu awa ngati phokoso lawiri - izi ndizovomerezeka.
Musk amatchula dzina la kampaniyo kuti [ˈtɛzlə], ndi [z]. Izi zimadabwitsabe onse aku Britain ndi aku America, kotero Lesley Stahl, mtolankhani wotchuka wa kanema wawayilesi waku America CBS, adafunsa Musk funso lachindunji la momwe amatchulira mawu akuti Tesla. Ndipo adatsimikiza kuti zidadutsa z.
M'malo mwa [s] ndi [z] ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zamatchulidwe akumwera. Ndipo Elon Musk sanazichotsebe.
Kuyerekeza Chingerezi cha Elon Musk mu 1999 ndi 2020
Ngati mufananiza zojambulira zomwe zikupezeka zamalankhulidwe a Elon Musk kuyambira 1999 ndi 2020, zikuwonekeratu kuti Chingerezi chake chakhala chaku America kwambiri. Ngati mu 1999 kulankhula kwake kunali 60% South Africa ndi 40% American, tsopano ndi 75% American ndi 25% South Africa.
Zosintha mu Chingerezi cha Elon sizingatchulidwe kuti ndizowopsa, koma zikadalipo.
Mu 1999, Elon adalankhula mavawelo ambiri kudzera m'mphuno mwake. Katchulidwe ka m'mphuno kotereku kamapezeka kwambiri ku South Africa. Mu 2020, palibe chotsalira cha izi. The tonations mu zoyankhulana zamakono ndi American kwathunthu. Pali kukayikira kuti atapambana padziko lonse lapansi, Musk adaphunzira mwapadera kulankhula kwa siteji kuti alankhule bwino pamisonkhano ndi masemina.
M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso m'mafunso osadziwika, amakhala ndi mawu akumwera, koma polankhula pamaso pa omvera, alibe.
Komanso, Elon salinso "nthawi" m'mawu monga "zambiri", "mtengo", "ndapeza". Mu 1999, ananena mawu onsewa kudzera mu [ɔ:]. Izi zitha kumveka bwino pazojambulidwa kuyambira 1999 koyambirira kwa nkhaniyi. Mo-ost, ko-ost, go-ot - umu ndi momwe mawu awa amamvekera. Tsopano ali aku America kwathunthu, kudzera [ɒ]: [mɒst], [kɒst], [gɒt].
Ponena za mawu, palibe kusintha kulikonse. Elon Musk sanagwiritse ntchito mawu a slang ochokera ku South African English mwina 1999 kapena 2020. Amagwiritsa ntchito mwakhama neologisms ndi slang sayansi, koma iyi ndi gawo la ntchito yake.
Mwambiri, mutha kuwona momwe mawu a Elon Musk adasinthira pazaka 20. Ndipo ndizomveka, chifukwa kwa zaka 20 wakhala akukhala ndikugwira ntchito ku USA. Ngakhale ngati wochita bizinesiyo sanagwiritse ntchito mwachidwi mawu ake (ndipo timaganizabe kuti adatero), Chingerezi chake lero ndi America kwambiri kuposa South Africa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha anthu ambiri otchuka, tikuwona kuti kuti tipange mawu ofunikira, ndikofunikira kumizidwa muzachilengedwe zonse zachingerezi. Izi ndi zomwe tidakhazikitsa mu EnglishDom. Izi zimapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri - patatha miyezi itatu yokha ya maphunziro, ophunzira ochokera ku London ndi Likulu la Great Britain amapita patsogolo kuti akonze katchulidwe ka mawu ndi katchulidwe kakale ka Britain kapena America. Zogulitsa zonse za chilengedwe chathu zili pansipa.
Gawoli ndilatsopano kwa ife, kotero tili ndi chidwi ndi malingaliro anu. Lembani zomwe mukuganiza za gawoli kuti muwunike mwatsatanetsatane katchulidwe ka anthu otchuka. Tikuyembekezera ndemanga zanu!
EnglishDom.com ndi sukulu yapaintaneti yomwe imakulimbikitsani kuti muphunzire Chingerezi kudzera muukadaulo komanso chisamaliro cha anthu
Kwa owerenga a Habr okha ! Ndipo pogula makalasi, mudzalandira mpaka maphunziro atatu kwaulere!
Pezani mwezi wathunthu wolembetsa ku pulogalamu ya ED Words ngati mphatso.
Lowetsani khodi yotsatsira musk20 kapena molunjika . Khodi yotsatsira ndiyovomerezeka mpaka 20.01.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX.
Zogulitsa zathu:
Source: www.habr.com