Momwe "mungaphunzire kuphunzira". Gawo 2 - njira zozindikiritsa komanso kupanga zojambula

В gawo loyamba Pakuwunika kwathu za ma hacks ofunikira kwa ophunzira, tidakambirana za kafukufuku wasayansi yemwe ali ndi upangiri wodziwikiratu - "imwani madzi ambiri," "kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi," "kukonzekera zochita zanu zatsiku ndi tsiku." Mu gawo ili, tiwona "ma hacks" osadziwika bwino, komanso madera omwe masiku ano amaonedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa omwe amalonjeza kwambiri pamaphunziro. Tiyeni tiyese kudziwa momwe "zojambula m'mphepete mwa kope" zingathandizire, ndipo ndizochitika ziti zomwe kulingalira za mayeso kumakuthandizani kuti mupambane bwino.

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kukumbukira minofu

Kupezeka pamisonkhano ndi lingaliro lina lodziwikiratu kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuphunzira bwino. Ndipo, mwa njira, imodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri pa Quora. Ngakhale kuti maulendo okhawo nthawi zambiri sakhala okwanira, ambiri a inu mumadziwa bwino zomwe zikuchitika: mukukonzekera tikiti yopita ku mayeso, ndipo simungakumbukire zomwe mphunzitsi analankhula, ngakhale mukutsimikiza kuti munali m'kalasi tsiku limenelo. .

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino nthawi yanu pamaphunziro, asayansi amalangiza kuphunzitsa kukumbukira kwa minofu - ndiko kuti, choyamba, kulemba zolemba. Sikuti izi zimakulolani kuti mubwererenso kwa iwo pambuyo pake (zomwe ziri zoonekeratu), koma mchitidwe wolemba zambiri ndi dzanja umakuthandizani kukumbukira bwino. Komabe, nthawi zina kuti mukumbukire bwino mfundo zovuta, ndizomveka kuti musamangolemba, koma kuzilemba ndikuzijambula.

Mutha kuyesa kuwonetsa zomwe zili mumtundu wa tchati kapena chithunzi (chomwe chimakhala chovuta ngati mukuyenera kumvetsera mosamala kwa mphunzitsi), koma nthawi zina kuti mukumbukire bwino chidziwitsocho, ndikwanira kuwonjezera zolembazo ndi zolemba. kapena doodles (mawu oti kujambula kwamtunduwu ndi "griffonage").

Zithunzi zimatha kuwoneka ngati zobwerezabwereza, mizere, zongobwereza-kapena nkhope, nyama, kapena mawu amodzi (monga mu chitsanzo ichi). Mutha kujambula chilichonse - gawo lofunikira la doodles ndikuti mchitidwe wotere sumakopa munthu kwathunthu - mosiyana, mwachitsanzo, kulimbikira m'kalasi.

Poyang'ana koyamba, kuchita ma doodling kumakwiyitsa - zikuwoneka kuti munthuyo akungofuna kupha nthawi ndikukhazikika m'malingaliro ake. M'malo mwake, zikuwoneka kuti ma doodle, m'malo mwake, amatithandiza kuzindikira malingaliro atsopano ndikuwakumbukira.

Mu 2009, magazini yotchedwa Applied Cognitive Psychology inasindikizidwa lofalitsidwa zotsatira za kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi School of Psychology pa yunivesite ya Plymouth (UK). Inagwira anthu 40 azaka zapakati pa 18 mpaka 55. Mitu adalimbikitsa mvetserani mawu ojambulidwa a “foni yochokera kwa bwenzi” (pa kanemayo, wolengezayo akuŵerenga ndi mawu amodzi a “mnzake” wopeka akukambirana za amene angapite kuphwando lake ndi amene sangapite, ndipo chifukwa chiyani ). Gulu lolamulira linafunsidwa kuti lilembe papepala mayina a omwe angapite ku phwando (ndipo palibe china) monga momwe adalembera.

Gulu loyesera linapatsidwa pepala la mabwalo ndi mabwalo ndipo linafunsidwa kuti likhale ndi mthunzi maonekedwe pamene akumvetsera (mitu inachenjezedwa kuti kuthamanga ndi kulondola kwa shading sikunali kofunikira - shading inali kungodutsa nthawi).

Zitatha izi, maphunziro onse adafunsidwa kuti atchule kaye omwe adzapite kuphwando, ndiyeno atchule mayina a malo omwe atchulidwa muzojambula. Zotsatira zake zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri - muzochitika zonsezi, anthu omwe adafunsidwa kuti awonetsere mawonekedwewo anali olondola (gulu loyesera linakumbukira 29% zambiri kuposa gulu lolamulira, ngakhale kuti sanafunsidwe kulemba kapena kukumbukira kalikonse).

Zotsatira zabwinozi zitha kukhala chifukwa choti kulemba mosazindikira kumakupatsani mwayi wochita nawo ukonde Kusagwira ntchito kwa ubongo. "Doodle Activists" monga Sunni Brown, wolemba mabuku The Doodle Revolution imakhulupirira kuti ma doodles si njira yokhayo yosungitsira manja anu kukhala otanganidwa, koma njira yoyambitsira ubongo wanu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndi makina omwe amatilola kuyambitsa "workarounds" tikafika kumapeto - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti doodle ikhoza kukuthandizani ngati, mwachitsanzo, mukuvutika kuthetsa vuto kapena kupeza mawu oyenera olembedwa. pepala.

Kubwereranso pakukumbukira zambiri, kulemba m'mphepete kumakupatsani mwayi wofotokozeranso zomwe zikuchitika pafupi nanu mukamajambula. Jessie Prince (Jesse J. Prinz), Wapampando wa Interdisciplinary Research Committee of the Doctoral Graduate School of the City University of New York, amavomerezakuti, poyang'ana zojambula zake zomwe, amakumbukira mosavuta zomwe zinali kukambidwa pamene adazijambula. Amayerekezera zithunzi ndi ma positikhadi - mukayang'ana positikhadi yomwe mudagula paulendo, nthawi yomweyo zimabwera m'maganizo zokhudzana ndi ulendowo - zinthu zomwe mwina simungathe kuzikumbukira monga choncho.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi ITMO University

Uwu ndiye mwayi wa "noti zokhala ndi ma doodle" (poyerekeza ndi zolemba zanthawi zonse): kulemba mosalekeza kumakusokonezani pazomwe mphunzitsi akukuuzani pakadali pano, makamaka ngati apereka zinthu zambiri zomwe sizinapangidwe kuti zilembedwe. Ngati mujambula mfundo zazikulu monga mwachizolowezi ndikusinthira ku zojambula momwe mukuzifotokozera, mutha kumvetsetsa bwino nkhaniyi osataya ulusi wankhaniyo.

Kumbali inayi, kujambula sikoyenera pa ntchito zonse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kuloweza ndi kuphunzira kuchuluka kwa zithunzi (matchati, ma graph), zojambula zanu zimangokusokonezani - Wall Street Journal. приводит Izi zimathandizidwa ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ku yunivesite ya British Columbia. Ntchito zonse ziwiri zikafuna kukonza zidziwitso zowoneka, kupanga ma doodling kumatilepheretsa kuyang'ana zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri panthawiyo.

Ndi bwino kunyalanyaza zojambulazo komanso pamene simukutsimikiza kuti zowona ndi ndondomeko zoperekedwa ndi mphunzitsi zingapezeke mosavuta kuzinthu zina. Pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kuphunzitsa kukumbukira minofu mothandizidwa ndi zolemba zabwino zakale okha.

Chidziwitso cha chidziwitso

Mbali ina yofunika kuiganizira kwa iwo amene akufuna kuphunzira bwino ndi njira zodziwikiratu (chidziwitso chachiwiri, kapena, mophweka, zomwe timadziwa pa zomwe timadziwa). Patricia Chen, wofufuza wa Stanford yemwe amagwira ntchito mderali, akufotokoza: “Nthaŵi zambiri, ophunzira amayamba ntchito mosalingalira bwino, osayesa kukonzekera pasadakhale magwero abwino ogwiritsira ntchito, osamvetsetsa chimene chiri chabwino pa aliyense wa iwo, popanda kupenda mmene zinthu zosankhidwazo zingagwiritsidwire ntchito mogwira mtima.”

Chen ndi anzake adachita maphunziro angapo (zotsatira zawo zinali lofalitsidwa chaka chatha m'magazini ya Psychological Science) ndi zoyesera zosonyeza momwe kulingalira za kuphunzira kungalimbikitse ophunzira kuchita bwino. Monga gawo limodzi mwazoyeserera, ophunzira adapatsidwa mafunso pafupifupi masiku 10 mayeso asanachitike - olemba ake adawafunsa kuti aganizire za mayeso omwe akubwera ndikuyankha mafunso okhudza kalasi yomwe wophunzirayo akufuna kupeza, kalasi iyi ndi yofunika bwanji kwa iye komanso mothekera bwanji kuti achitenge.

Kuphatikiza apo, ophunzira adafunsidwa kuti aganizire za mafunso omwe angawonekere pamayesowo ndikuzindikira kuti ndi njira ziti mwa 15 zophunzirira zomwe zilipo (kukonzekera zolemba, kuwerenga buku, kuwerenga mafunso, kukambirana ndi anzawo, kuchita maphunziro mphunzitsi, ndi zina zotero) adzagwiritsa ntchito. Pambuyo pake adafunsidwa kuti afotokoze zomwe adasankha ndikufotokozera zomwe angachite - makamaka, kupanga dongosolo lokonzekera mayeso. Gulu lolamulira linangolandira chikumbutso cha mayeso ndi kufunika kophunzira.

Zotsatira zake, ophunzira omwe adapanga dongosololo adachita bwino pamayeso, ndikulandira magiredi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mfundo zapamwamba (mwachitsanzo, “A+” m’malo mwa “A” kapena “B” m’malo mwa “B-”) . Ananenanso kuti ankadzidalira kwambiri komanso ankadziletsa pa nthawi ya mayeso. Olemba maphunzirowa akugogomezera kuti adasankha anthu oyesera kuti pasakhale kusiyana kwa chiwerengero pakati pa magulu-gulu loyesera silinakhale ndi ophunzira omwe ali ndi luso kapena okhudzidwa kwambiri.

Monga momwe asayansi amanenera, chofunikira kwambiri pa kafukufuku wawo ndikuti poyang'anira njira zamaganizidwe ndi kulingalira za ntchito, mumagwira ntchito yowonjezereka. Zotsatira zake, zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga chidziwitso chanu, kukhala olimbikitsidwa ndikupeza mayankho ogwira mtima - pokonzekera mayeso komanso zochitika zina zilizonse.

TL; DR

• Kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi nthawi yanu yophunzirira, gwiritsani ntchito kukumbukira kwa minofu. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kulemba zolemba. Njira ina ndi zolemba kuphatikiza zolemba. Njirayi imakuthandizani kuti muzindikire bwino zatsopano ndikuzikumbukira bwino. Zithunzi zimakulolani kukumbukira zinthu zambiri zomwe mumakumbukira, monga ma positikhadi kapena zithunzi zapaulendo, zomwe zimakupangitsani kukumbukira.

• Chofunikira ndichakuti kuti kujambula kukuthandizani kukumbukira bwino zinthu zatsopano, ndikofunikira kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yamakina komanso modzidzimutsa. Ngati mumadzilowetsa muzojambula, simungathe kuzindikira zina.

• Phatikizani zolemba ndi zolemba za "classic". Lembani mfundo zofunika ndi kupanga "njira yachikhalidwe." Gwiritsani ntchito doodling ngati: 1) panthawi ya maphunziro ndikofunika kuti mumvetse tanthauzo la lingaliro linalake, kumvetsetsa tanthauzo lake, ndipo muli ndi deta yofunikira pa mutuwo; ndi 2) mphunzitsi amapereka kuchuluka kwazinthu ndikuzinena mwachangu, osati m'mawu olembedwa. Musanyalanyaze pempho la mphunzitsi kuti alembe izi kapena mfundoyo polemba.

• Malinga ndi asayansi ena, kuchita ma doodling kumapangitsa kuti ubongo ukhale wokhazikika. Chifukwa chake, zingakuthandizeni ngati “muli pachiwopsezo.” Kodi pali dzina kapena mawu pansonga pa lilime lanu koma osakumbukira? Mukuvutika kupeza mawu oyenera pantchito yanu yolemba? Kodi mwayesa njira zonse zothetsera vutoli ndipo mwayamba kupsa mtima? Yesani kupanga zithunzi zomwe zidakomoka ndikubwerera kuntchito pakapita nthawi.

• Kuika maganizo pa "kudziwa chidziwitso chako" ndi njira ina yophunzirira bwino. Ganizirani chifukwa chake muyenera kuthetsa izi kapena vutolo, ndi njira ziti ndi njira zomwe zingakhale zoyenera pa izi, ganizirani ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njira iliyonse yomwe ingatheke. Izi zikuthandizani kukhalabe ndi chilimbikitso (mwayankha funso chifukwa chomwe mukufunikira izi komanso zotsatira zomwe mukuyembekezera kuchokera kwa inu nokha pamayeso kapena kumapeto kwa maphunzirowo). Kuphatikiza apo, njira iyi imakupatsani mwayi wokonzekera njira yothandiza kwambiri yokonzekera nokha (simutenganso gwero loyamba lazidziwitso zomwe mumakumana nazo) ndikukhala chete mukamayesa chidziwitso chanu.

M'gawo lomaliza la ndemanga yathu, tikambirana za momwe tingakumbukire ndikusunga zambiri: momwe kufotokozera nkhani kungathandizire pankhaniyi komanso momwe mungagonjetsere "kuyiwala kokhotakhota."

Source: www.habr.com