Poyamba ife , ndi kafukufuku wotani amene ali ndi malangizo ambiri okhudza “kuphunzira kuphunzira”? tidakambirana za njira zozindikirira komanso zothandiza za "kulemba m'mphepete."
Mu gawo lachitatu - iwo adanena . Mwa njira, tinakambirana za kukumbukira mosiyana и , komanso - tinapeza bwanji "".
Lero tikambirana kuganizira, "multitasking" ndi kupopera chidwi.
Chithunzi: /Unsplash
Chidwi ndi "mtsempha wa dongosolo lililonse lamalingaliro"
General psychology imatanthawuza chidwi ngati kuthekera kwa munthu kukhazikika pa nthawi inayake pa chinthu chilichonse: chinthu, chochitika, chithunzi kapena kulingalira. Kusamala kungakhale kodzifunira - kumadalira chidwi chodziwika, komanso mosasamala kapena mwachibadwa (mudzawona kuwomba kwa bingu wamba, mosasamala kanthu za chikhumbo chanu). Chofunikira ndi chinthu china chofunikira chomwe chimapangitsa chidwi: munthu wanjala akuyenda kuzungulira mzindawo aziyang'ana malo odyera ndi ma cafe nthawi zambiri kuposa munthu wodyetsedwa bwino.
Zofunikira kwambiri za chidwi ndi kusankha kwake ndi kuchuluka kwake. Chotero pachochitika, munthu choyamba amangomva phokoso lambiri. Komabe, mnzakeyo akangolankhula mwadzidzidzi pafupi ndi iye, chidwi cha mmodzi ndi winayo chimasinthira ku mawu awo ndi kulankhulana. Izi, zomwe zimadziwika kuti "cocktail party effect", zakhala zikuyesa mu 1953 ndi Edward Colin Cherry wa Imperial College, University of London.
Kuchuluka kwa chidwi kumatha kuwonetsedwa mu kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe munthu amatha kuyang'ana pa nthawi inayake. Kwa munthu wamkulu, izi ndi pafupifupi zinayi mpaka zisanu, zopitirira zisanu ndi chimodzi, zinthu zosagwirizana: mwachitsanzo, zilembo kapena manambala. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti nthawi imodzi timazindikira mawu ochepa chabe m'malemba - awa angakhalenso zidutswa za semantic za nkhaniyo. Koma chiwerengero chawo sichiposa sikisi.
Pomaliza, chidwi chimadziwika ndi kuthekera kwake kusuntha kuchoka ku ntchito imodzi kupita ku ina (kupanda malingaliro kuchokera pamalingaliro awa ndi kuthekera kosakwanira kuchita izi mogwira mtima) ndi kukhazikika - kuthekera kosunga malingaliro kwakanthawi. Katunduyu amadalira mawonekedwe azinthu zomwe akuphunziridwa komanso munthu mwiniyo.
Chithunzi: /Unsplash
Kuyang'ana chidwi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zogwirira ntchito bwino komanso kuphunzira. Charles Darwin m’mbiri yake ya mbiri ya moyo wake yakuti “Memoirs of the Development of My mind and Character” kuti ntchito yake inathandizidwa osati kokha ndi “chizoloŵezi cha ntchito yachangu, komanso ndi chisamaliro ku bizinesi iliyonse imene anali wotanganidwa.” Ndipo katswiri wa zamaganizo wa Anglo-American Edward Bradford Titchener m'buku lake "Lectures on the Experimental Psychology of Sensation and Attention" (1908) "mitsempha yake ya dongosolo lililonse lamalingaliro."
Kukhoza kuyang'anitsitsa kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa maphunziro. Za izi Kafukufuku wa MIT yemwe adachitika ku Boston. Iwo amalankhula za chisamaliro monga “mtundu wa zochita zamaganizo zimene muyenera kukhala okhoza kuzisunga.
Multitasking ndi nthano
Zolemba zodziwika bwino zimalemba kuti ndizotheka kuwonjezera luso lantchito ndikuwongolera chidwi mwakuchita zinthu zambiri. Komabe, malinga ndi kafukufuku, multitasking ndi luso lomwe, choyamba, silingathe kukulitsa, ndipo kachiwiri, ndilosafunika kwenikweni.
Malingana ndi neuropsychologist ndi pulofesa ku yunivesite ya Utah David Strayer, multitasking ndi katundu wapadera: osapitirira 2,5% ya anthu omwe ali nawo. Zimatsimikiziridwa mwachibadwa ndipo kupanga izo ndikutaya nthawi. "Timadzinyenga tokha ndipo timakonda kudziyesa mopambanitsa luso lathu lochita zambiri," wasayansi.
Zoyeserera, ku yunivesite ya Stanford adawonetsa kuti maphunziro omwe adayikidwa m'malo othana ndi mavuto angapo nthawi imodzi adachita zoyipa kwambiri pantchitozo. Kuchita zambiri kumatha kuwoneka kothandiza poyamba, koma m'kupita kwanthawi kumatenga nthawi yochulukirapo mpaka 40% ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala ndi zolakwika. ku American Psychological Association.
Kodi kusintha maganizo
Mutha kukhala tcheru kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pali , zomwe zimasonyeza kuti njira zosiyanasiyana zosinkhasinkha - miyambo ya Kum'mawa ndi yamakono yomwe imapezeka ku USA ndi ku Ulaya, imathandizira osati kuthetsa kupsinjika maganizo ndi kukulitsa kudziletsa, komanso kumapangitsanso luso lokhazikika.
Komabe, si aliyense amene amafuna kusinkhasinkha. Mwamwayi, pali njira zina. Tom Wujec, Singularity University, zochepa zosavuta zolimbitsa thupi. Kodi mwakhala panjanji yapansi panthaka kapena mwaima pamalo oimika magalimoto? Njira yabwino kwambiri yophera nthawi ndikuphunzitsa chidwi chanu nthawi yomweyo ndikungoyang'ana pa chithunzi chotsatsa kapena chomata kutsogolo kwagalimoto kwa mphindi zisanu, osaganizira china chilichonse. Kodi mukuwerenga buku lovuta ndikusokonezedwa? Kumbukirani kachidutswa komwe munasochera ndikuwerenganso kachiwiri.
Chithunzi: /Unsplash
Zowona, timachita izi popanda upangiri wa Tom Wijack, koma akuti zimagwira ntchito bwino. Kukhala pa nkhani yotopetsa kapena msonkhano? Khalani movutikira momwe mungathere. Mudzakakamizika kumvetsera mosamala, Wijek akutsimikizira. Maphunziro othandizira Mission.org Werengani mabuku wamba osindikizidwa tsiku lililonse, omwe angakuphunzitseni kukhazikika pa ntchito imodzi kwa nthawi yayitali ndikusinkhasinkha. Koma zikuoneka kwa ife kuti malangizo amenewa ndi oonekeratu.
Kupititsa patsogolo chidwi "mwa sayansi"
Lingaliro la asayansi likuwoneka ngati lodabwitsa: kuti mukhale tcheru kwambiri, simuyenera kukulitsa lusoli ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi apadera kapena kudzikakamiza ndi mphamvu zanu zonse, koma ingopatsani ubongo wanu kupuma. Akatswiri a zamaganizo ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti: munthu amataya luso lokhazikika osati chifukwa chakuti sangathe kapena sakufuna kuchita. Kuzengereza sikovuta, koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha dongosolo lamanjenje lomwe limathandizira kuti ubongo wathu uzigwira ntchito moyenera: chidwi kwambiri (lobe yakutsogolo ya cerebral cortex imayambitsa izi) imafuna ndalama zambiri zamphamvu, chifukwa chake, posokonezedwa, timakhala otanganidwa. patsani ubongo kupuma.
Paul Seley, katswiri wa zamaganizo ku yunivesite ya Harvard, Ndiko kulondola, kutcha kuzengereza "kuyendayenda maganizo." Iye akutsutsa kuti ndi bwino kupuma mwanzeru, kutchula kafukufuku kuti m'magazini ya NeuroImage. Simufunikanso "kulota", koma gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yanu yopuma kuti muthetse vuto losavuta la tsiku ndi tsiku lomwe silifuna kuyesetsa kwanzeru. Pambuyo pake, mutha kubwereranso ku maphunziro anu ndikuyambiranso.
Malangizo a Paul Cely akugwirizana ndi zimenezi , yomwe inapezedwa kale mu 1993: ubongo umatha kugwira ntchito mwakhama kwa mphindi zosapitirira 90. Kupuma kwa mphindi 15 kumafunika kuti mubwezeretse.
Mu kafukufuku wina wopangidwa ndi ofufuza a University of Illinois Phindu lalifupi kwambiri - masekondi angapo - kupuma ("kupuma" kwamaganizo) pa cholinga chomwecho. Ku Georgia Tech kuti kawonedwe kazinthu kamakhala bwino ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo caffeine imathandizira kukumbukira ndi chidwi. Ndipo ku Australian National University adachita zoyeserera ndi ophunzira 124 ndi mavidiyo oseketsa a YouTube amakuthandizani kupumula ndikuchira kuti mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri pambuyo pake.
TL; DR
- Mphamvu ya multitasking ndi nthano chabe. Kumbukirani kuti 2,5% yokha ya anthu ndi "multitasking". Luso limeneli limatsimikiziridwa ndi majini ndipo n'zosatheka kukula. Kwa ena, kuchita zambiri ndikuwononga nthawi ndi zolakwika pantchito.
- Mungakonde kusinkhasinkha; ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yophunzirira kutchera khutu. N’zoona kuti mufunika kuyesetsa kusinkhasinkha nthawi zonse.
- Ngati simungathe kukhazikika, musanyoze ubongo wanu. Ayenera kupuma. Pumulani, koma mugwiritseni ntchito mwanzeru: kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono, kapu ya khofi, kapena kuthetsa vuto losavuta latsiku ndi tsiku kudzakuthandizani kuti muyambenso kuphunzira ndikuyambiranso kuyang'ana kwanu bwino.
Ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe tili nacho pa Habré:
Source: www.habr.com