Mu 2010, ma aligorivimu a Google adatsimikiza kuti panali pafupifupi mabuku 130 miliyoni osindikizidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Mabuku ochepa chabe ochititsa manthawa ndi amene anamasuliridwa m’Chirasha.
Koma simungangotenga ndikumasulira ntchito yomwe mumakonda. Kupatula apo, izi zitha kukhala kuphwanya copyright.
Chifukwa chake, m'nkhaniyi tiwona zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika kumasulira mwalamulo buku kuchokera kuchilankhulo chilichonse kupita ku Chirasha ndikulifalitsa ku Russia.
Mawonekedwe a Copyright
Lamulo lalikulu ndiloti simukusowa kumasulira buku, nkhani, kapena nkhani ngati mulibe chikalata chomwe chimakupatsani ufulu wotero.
Malinga ndi ndime 1, Art. 1259 ya Civil Code of the Russian Federation: "Zomwe zili ndi ufulu waumwini ndi ntchito za sayansi, zolemba ndi zaluso, mosasamala kanthu za zabwino ndi cholinga cha ntchitoyi, komanso njira yofotokozera."
Ufulu wokhawokha pantchitoyo ndi wa wolemba kapena yemwe ali ndi copyright yemwe wolemba adasamutsira ufuluwo. Malinga ndi Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, nthawi yachitetezo ndi moyo wonse wa wolemba komanso zaka makumi asanu atamwalira. Komabe, m'maiko ambiri nthawi yachitetezo cha kukopera ndi zaka 70, kuphatikiza mu Russian Federation. Chifukwa chake pali zosankha zitatu zokha:
- Ngati mlembi wa ntchitoyi ali moyo, muyenera kulankhula naye mwachindunji kapena amene ali ndi ufulu wokhawokha ntchito zake. Pogwiritsa ntchito intaneti, mutha kupeza mwachangu zambiri zokhudzana ndi wolemba kapena wolemba mabuku. Ingolembani "Dzina la Wolemba + wolemba mabuku" posaka. Kenako, lembani kalata yosonyeza kuti mukufuna kumasulira ntchito inayake.
- Ngati wolemba ntchitoyo anamwalira zaka zosakwana 70 zapitazo, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana olowa m'malo mwalamulo. Njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndi kudzera mu nyumba yosindikizira yomwe imasindikiza ntchito za wolemba kudziko lakwawo. Tikuyang'ana olankhulana nawo, kulemba kalata ndikudikirira kuti atiyankhe.
- Ngati wolembayo adamwalira zaka zoposa 70 zapitazo, ntchitoyo imakhala yodziwika bwino ndipo ufulu wawo umachotsedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chilolezo sichifunikira pakumasulira ndi kufalitsa.
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa musanayambe kumasulira buku
- Kodi pali kumasulira kovomerezeka kwa bukuli m'Chirasha? Chodabwitsa n’chakuti, mwachidwi, ena amaiwala za izi. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kufufuza osati ndi mutu, koma m'mabuku a wolemba, chifukwa mutu wa bukhuli ukhoza kusinthidwa.
- Kodi ndi ufulu womasulira ntchitoyi m'Chirasha? Zimachitika kuti ufulu wasamutsidwa kale, koma bukuli silinamasuliridwe kapena kusindikizidwa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyembekezera kumasulira ndikunong'oneza bondo kuti simunathe kuchita nokha.
- Mndandanda wa ofalitsa amene mungagawireko buku la ntchito. Nthaŵi zambiri kukambitsirana ndi amene ali ndi ufulu wa kukopera kumathera ndi mawu akuti: “Mukapeza nyumba yosindikizira mabuku imene idzasindikize bukulo, tidzapangana pangano losamutsa ufulu womasulira.” Choncho kukambirana ndi ofalitsa kuyenera kuyambira pagawo la “Ndikufuna kumasulira”. Zambiri pa izi pansipa.
Kukambilana ndi omwe ali ndi copyright ndi gawo losayembekezereka. Olemba osadziwika bwino atha kupereka maufulu omasulira pamtengo wophiphiritsa wa madola mazana angapo kapena gawo lazogulitsa (nthawi zambiri 5 mpaka 15%), ngakhale mulibe luso lomasulira.
Olemba ma echelon apakati ndi othandizira awo olemba amakayikira kwambiri za omasulira a newbie. Komabe, ndi mlingo woyenera wachangu ndi kupirira, ufulu womasulira ukhoza kupezeka. Omasulira nthawi zambiri amapempha omasulira kuti apereke zitsanzo zomasulira, zomwe amazipereka kwa akatswiri. Ngati khalidweli ndi lalikulu, ndiye kuti mwayi wopeza ufulu ukuwonjezeka.
Olemba apamwamba amagwira ntchito pamlingo wa mgwirizano pakati pa nyumba zosindikizira, zomwe zimapatsidwa ufulu wokhawokha womasulira ndi kufalitsa ntchito. Ndizosatheka kuti katswiri "wakunja" alowe mmenemo.
Ngati kukopera kwatha, mutha kuyamba kumasulira nthawi yomweyo. Mutha kuzifalitsa pa intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, pa tsamba mu gawo la Samizdat. Kapena muyenera kuyang'ana nyumba yosindikizira yomwe ingasindikizidwe.
Ufulu wa omasulira - zofunika kuzidziwa
Malinga ndi Art. 1260 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation, womasulirayo ali ndi ufulu womasulira:
Zokopera za womasulira, wolemba mabuku ndi wolemba wina wa ntchito yotengedwa kapena yophatikizika amatetezedwa ngati ufulu wa zinthu zodziyimira pawokha za kukopera, mosasamala kanthu za kutetezedwa kwa ufulu wa olemba ntchito zomwe zidachokera kapena zophatikizika.
Kwenikweni, kumasulira kumatengedwa ngati ntchito yodziyimira payokha, motero womasulirayo atha kulitaya mwakufuna kwake. Mwachilengedwe, ngati palibe mapangano omwe adamalizidwa kale pakusamutsa maufulu kumasuliraku.
Wolemba ntchito sangathe kuchotsa ufulu womasulira, womwe umalembedwa. Koma palibe chimene chimamulepheretsa kupereka ufulu womasulira bukulo kwa munthu wina kapena anthu angapo.
Ndiko kuti, mutha kuchita mapangano ndi osindikiza kuti musindikize zomasulira ndikupeza phindu kuchokera pamenepo, koma simungathe kuletsa wolembayo kuti apereke chilolezo cha kumasulira kwina.
Palinso lingaliro la ufulu wapadera womasulira ndi kufalitsa ntchito. Koma ndi nyumba zazikulu zokha zosindikizira mabuku zomwe zimagwira nawo ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, nyumba yosindikizira ya Swallowtail ili ndi ufulu wofalitsa mabuku angapo onena za Harry Potter ndi JK Rowling ku Russian Federation. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe nyumba zina zosindikizira ku Russia zomwe zili ndi ufulu womasulira kapena kusindikiza mabukuwa - izi ndizoletsedwa komanso zolangidwa.
Momwe mungakambitsirane ndi wofalitsa
Ofalitsa sagwira ntchito ndi malonjezo, kotero kuti mugwirizane pa kusindikizidwa kwa kumasulira kwa bukhu, muyenera kugwira ntchito yochepa.
Nazi zochepa zofunika zomwe pafupifupi nyumba zonse zosindikizira zimafuna kuchokera kwa omasulira akunja:
- Chidule cha buku
- Mafotokozedwe a mabuku
- Kumasulira kwa mutu woyamba
Chigamulocho chidzadalira pa zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, wosindikizayo adzawunika chiyembekezo chofalitsa bukuli pamsika waku Russia. Mwayi wabwino kwambiri ndi wa ntchito zina zomwe sizinamasuliridwe ndi olemba ambiri kapena ochepa. Kachiwiri, wosindikiza aziwunika momwe zomasulirazo zilili komanso kugwirizana kwake ndi koyambirira. Choncho, kumasulira kuyenera kukhala kwapamwamba kwambiri.
Zida zikakonzeka, mutha kutumiza fomu yofunsira kufalitsa. Mawebusaiti a osindikiza nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi gawo "Kwa olemba atsopano" kapena ofanana, omwe amafotokoza malamulo operekera mapulogalamu.
Zofunika! Pempholo siliyenera kutumizidwa ku makalata wamba, koma ku makalata a dipatimenti yogwira ntchito ndi mabuku akunja (kapena zofanana). Ngati simungapeze anthu olumikizana nawo kapena dipatimenti yotereyi mulibe m'nyumba yosindikizira, njira yosavuta ndiyo kuyimbira woyang'anira pamalo omwe awonetsedwa ndikufunsa kuti ndani kwenikweni amene mukufunika kulumikizana naye pa kusindikizidwa kwa kumasulira.
Nthawi zambiri muyenera kupereka mfundo zotsatirazi:
- mutu wa buku;
- deta ya wolemba;
- chilankhulo choyambirira ndi chilankhulo chomwe mukufuna;
- zambiri zokhudzana ndi zofalitsa pachiyambi, kupezeka kwa mphoto ndi mphoto (ngati zilipo);
- zambiri zaufulu womasulira (zili pagulu la anthu kapena chilolezo chomasulira chapezedwa).
Muyeneranso kufotokoza mwachidule zomwe mukufuna. Monga, masulirani bukuli ndikulifalitsa. Ngati muli ndi luso lomasulira bwino, izi ndizofunikanso kuzitchula - zidzakulitsa mwayi wanu woyankha bwino.
Ngati mwagwirizana ndi wolemba ntchitoyo kuti mudzakhalanso ngati wothandizira, ndiye kuti muyenera kusonyeza izi mosiyana, chifukwa pamenepa nyumba yosindikizira idzafunika kusaina phukusi lina la zikalata ndi inu.
Ponena za ndalama zomasulira, pali njira zingapo:
- Nthawi zambiri, womasulirayo amalandira ndalama zoikidwiratu ndipo amasamutsa ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito matembenuzidwewo kwa wosindikizayo. Kwenikweni, wosindikiza amagula zomasulirazo. Ndizosatheka kudziwa bwino ntchito pasadakhale, kotero kukula kwa malipiro kudzadalira kutchuka kuyembekezera buku ndi luso kukambirana.
- Mlingo wa ma agent nthawi zambiri amakhala 10% ya phindu. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kuchitapo kanthu kwa wolemba ngati wothandizira pamsika waku Russia, mulingo wanu wamalipiro udzadalira kufalikira ndi phindu lonse.
- Mukhozanso kutenga nawo mbali zachuma pofalitsa bukuli nokha. Pankhaniyi, phindu lidzakhala pafupifupi 25% ya ndalama (pafupifupi, 50% imapita kumaketani ogulitsa, 10% kwa wolemba ndi 15% ku nyumba yosindikizira).
Ngati mukufuna kuyika ndalama pofalitsa, chonde dziwani kuti kufalitsa kochepa komwe kungakulolereni kubweza ndalamazo ndi makope osachepera 3000. Ndiyeno - kufalikira kwakukulu ndi kugulitsa, kumapeza ndalama zambiri.
Pogwira ntchito ndi nyumba yosindikizira, palinso zoopsa - mwatsoka, sizingapeweke.
Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti nyumba yosindikizira imatha kusangalatsa ntchitoyo, koma kenako amasankha womasulira wina. Njira yokhayo yopewera izi ndi kumasulira mutu woyamba wa bukhuli bwino momwe tingathere.
Zimachitikanso kuti nyumba yosindikizirayo imalowa mumgwirizano wachindunji ndi wolemba kapena wolemba mabuku, ndikukudutsani ngati mkhalapakati. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha kusakhulupirika, koma izi zimachitikanso.
Kumasulira osati kufuna kupeza ndalama
Ngati mukufuna kumasulira ntchito osati chifukwa chofuna kupeza ndalama, koma chifukwa chokonda zaluso, ndiye kuti chilolezo cha omwe ali ndi copyright kuti chimasuliridwe ndichokwanira (ngakhale nthawi zina ndizotheka ngakhale popanda).
M'malamulo aku Europe ndi America pali lingaliro la "kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera". Mwachitsanzo, kumasulira nkhani ndi mabuku pofuna kuphunzitsa, zomwe sizimaphatikizapo kupanga phindu. Koma palibe machitidwe ofanana m'malamulo a ku Russia, choncho ndi bwino kupeza chilolezo chomasulira.
Masiku ano pali malo okwanira ogulitsa mabuku pa intaneti komwe mungatumize kumasulira kwa mabuku akunja, kuphatikiza kwaulere. Zowona, zokumana nazo zikuwonetsa kuti mwanjira imeneyi ndizotheka kufalitsa mabuku okhawo omwe ali kale pagulu - olemba samatengera mokoma mtima kuthekera kwa kusindikiza matembenuzidwe a mabuku awo kwaulere.
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