Paintaneti ili ndi zolemba zambiri pamutu wakusamukira ku USA, koma ambiri aiwo amalembanso masamba patsamba la American Migration Service, omwe amangolemba njira zonse zobwera kudzikoli. Pali zingapo mwa njirazi, koma ndizowonanso kuti zambiri sizifikirika ndi anthu wamba komanso oyambitsa ma projekiti a IT.
Ngati mulibe madola masauzande ambiri oti muyikepo pakukweza bizinesi ku US kuti mupeze visa, ndipo kutalika kwakukhala pa visa ya alendo ndikwafupi kwambiri kwa inu, werengani ndemanga ya lero.
1. H-1B visa
H1-B ndi visa yantchito yomwe imalola akatswiri akunja kubwera ku United States. Mwachidziwitso, osati Google kapena Facebook yokha, komanso oyambitsa wamba amatha kukonza kwa wogwira ntchito wawo komanso woyambitsa.
Pali zinthu zingapo pakufunsira visa kwa woyambitsa woyamba. Choyamba, m'pofunika kutsimikizira ubale wantchito-wolemba ntchito, ndiko kuti, kampaniyo iyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wochotsa wantchito, ngakhale kuti adayambitsa.
Zikuwoneka kuti woyambitsa sayenera kukhala ndi gawo lolamulira mu kampani - sayenera kupitirira 50%. Payenera kukhala, mwachitsanzo, gulu la oyang'anira lomwe lili ndi ufulu wamalingaliro wowunika momwe wogwira ntchitoyo akugwirira ntchito ndikusankha kuchotsedwa kwake.
Manambala ochepa
Pali magawo a ma visa a H1B - mwachitsanzo, gawo la chaka chandalama cha 2019 linali 65, ngakhale kuti 2018 adafunsira visa yotere mu 199. Ma visa awa amaperekedwa kudzera mu lottery. Ma visa ena okwana 20 amaperekedwa kwa akatswiri omwe adalandira maphunziro awo ku United States (Master's Exemption Cap).
Mahaki amoyo
Pali kuthyolako pang'ono kwa moyo komwe kumalimbikitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi pazokambirana za visa ya H1-B. Mayunivesite amathanso kulemba antchito pa visa iyi, ndipo kwa iwo, monga mabungwe ena osachita phindu, palibe ma quotas (H1-B Cap Exempt). Pansi pa chiwembu ichi, yunivesite imalemba ntchito wochita bizinesi, yemwe amapereka maphunziro kwa ophunzira, amachita nawo masemina, ndipo mwamwayi akupitiriza kugwira ntchito pa chitukuko cha polojekiti.
pano ntchito yotereyi ya woyambitsa polojekitiyi pamene wogwira ntchito ku yunivesite ya Massachusetts. Musanayese kutsatira njirayi, muyenera kufunsa loya za kuvomerezeka kwa ntchito yotere.
2. Visa kwa anthu aluso O-1
Visa ya O-1 idapangidwira anthu aluso ochokera m'magawo osiyanasiyana omwe akufunika kubwera ku United States kuti adzamalize ntchito. Oimira bizinesi amapatsidwa visa ya O-1A, pomwe O-1B subtype visa imapangidwira ojambula.
Pankhani ya oyambitsa oyambitsa, njira yofunsira ikufanana ndi zomwe tidafotokozera za H1-B visa. Ndiye kuti, muyenera kupanga bungwe lovomerezeka ku United States - nthawi zambiri C-Corp. Gawo la woyambitsa kampaniyo siliyeneranso kulamulira, ndipo kampaniyo iyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wosiyana ndi wogwira ntchitoyo.
Mofananamo, ndikofunikira kukonzekera pempho la visa, lomwe lili ndi umboni wa "zodabwitsa" za wogwira ntchito yemwe woyambitsayo akufuna kumulemba ntchito. Pali njira zingapo zomwe ziyenera kukumana kuti mupeze visa ya O-1:
- mphoto akatswiri ndi mphoto;
- umembala m'mabungwe a akatswiri omwe amavomereza akatswiri odabwitsa (osati aliyense amene angakwanitse kulipira chindapusa);
- kupambana pamipikisano ya akatswiri;
- kutenga nawo mbali ngati membala wa jury mu mpikisano wa akatswiri (ulamuliro womveka bwino wowunika ntchito za akatswiri ena);
- kutchulidwa m'ma TV (zofotokozera za ntchito, zoyankhulana) ndi zolemba zanu m'magazini apadera kapena asayansi;
- kukhala ndi udindo waukulu mu kampani yaikulu;
- umboni uliwonse wowonjezera umavomerezedwanso.
Kuti mupeze visa, muyenera kutsimikizira kuti mukutsatira njira zingapo pamndandanda.
Manambala ochepa
Sindinapeze zambiri zaposachedwa pamitengo yovomerezeka ndi kukana ma visa a O-1. Komabe, pali zambiri pa intaneti za chaka chachuma cha 2010. PanthaΕ΅iyo, US Migration Service inalandira mapempho 10,394 a visa ya O-1, ndipo 8,589 anavomerezedwa, ndipo 1,805 anakanidwa.
Zili bwanji lero
Palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha ma visa a O-1 chawonjezeka kwambiri kapena kuchepa. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti chiΕ΅erengero cha zovomerezeka ndi zokana zofalitsidwa ndi USCIS sizingaganizidwe kuti ndizomaliza.
Kupeza visa ya O-1 ndi njira ziwiri. Choyamba, pempho lanu likuvomerezedwa ndi osamukira kudziko lina, ndiyeno muyenera kupita ku ambassy ya US kunja kwa dziko lino ndikulandira visa yokha. Chodziwika bwino ndichakuti wapolisi ku kazembeyo angakane kukupatsani visa, ngakhale pempholo litavomerezedwa ndi osamukira kumayiko ena, ndipo milandu yotere imachitika nthawi ndi nthawi - ndimadziwa ochepa.
Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukonzekera bwino kuyankhulana ku kazembe ndikuyankha mafunso onse okhudza ntchito yanu yamtsogolo ku USA mosazengereza.
3. Visa ya L-1 kuti isamutsidwe wogwira ntchito ku ofesi yakunja
Visa iyi ikhoza kukhala yoyenera kwa amalonda omwe ali kale ndi bizinesi yolembetsedwa mwalamulo kunja kwa United States. Oyambitsa otere amatha kuyambitsa nthambi ya kampani yawo ku America ndikupita kukagwira ntchito ku kampaniyi.
Palinso mphindi zobisika pano. Makamaka, ntchito yosamukira kumayiko ena idzafuna kuti mutsimikizire kufunikira kwa kukhalapo kwa kampani pamsika waku America komanso kukhalapo kwa antchito akuthupi omwe amachokera kunja.
Mfundo zofunika ndi ziwerengero
Ofesi yakomweko iyenera kukhala yotseguka musanalembetse visa yanu. Mwa zikalata zothandizira, maofesala osamukira kumayiko ena adzakhalanso ndi chidwi ndi dongosolo latsatanetsatane labizinesi, kutsimikizira kubwereketsa ofesi, ndi zina.
Kuphatikiza apo, wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kuti adagwira ntchito ku ofesi yakunja ya kampani ya makolo yomwe ikubwera ku United States kwa chaka chimodzi.
Ndi USCIS, pambuyo pa 2000, ma visa opitilira 100 a L-1 amaperekedwa chaka chilichonse.
Pomaliza
M'nkhaniyi, talemba mitundu itatu ya ma visa omwe ali oyenera kwambiri kwa oyambitsa omwe alibe zofunikira koma akufuna kukhala ku United States. Ma visa a Investor ndi Visa ya B-1 yoyendera bizinesi sizikugwirizana ndi izi.
Upangiri wofunikira womaliza: musanachite chilichonse chokhudzana ndi kusamuka, sonkhanitsani zambiri momwe mungathere, ndipo pezani loya wolowa ndi anthu othawa kwawo mothandizidwa ndi munthu yemwe mumamudziwa adasamukira ku America momwe mungafunire.
Zolemba zanga zina zokhudzana ndi kuyendetsa ndikulimbikitsa bizinesi ku USA:
Source: www.habr.com