Kupambana kwa Netflix kudayendetsedwa ndiukadaulo wapamwamba, koma kumbuyo kwake kuli filosofi yonse yomwe idapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira mtima. Dongosolo lomwe limakakamiza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kudina mabatani ofiira ndi oyera, kusiya mosavuta miyambo yakale yowonera makanema m'makanema ndi makanema apa TV.
Moni! Efim Gugnin apa! Lero tiyesa kudziwa momwe Netflix imagwirira ntchito. Kuti tichite izi, tiyenera kubwereranso pang'ono.
1997. Intaneti ikungoyamba kutchuka ndipo panopa ikulumikiza makompyuta pafupifupi 10 miliyoni.
Anthu amaonera makanema apa TV ndi makanema m'mabwalo owonetsera, pa chingwe kapena pawailesi yakanema, kapena kubwereka mavidiyo. Munthawi zovuta zino, Reed Hastings wazaka 37, yemwe kale anali msilikali komanso wogwira ntchito ku Peace Corps, yemwe tsopano ndi injiniya wamakompyuta komanso wazamalonda, akutenga mwayi.
Pamodzi ndi mnzake Mark Randolph, amatsegula bizinesi yobwereketsa ma DVD ndikuyimbira kampaniyo Netflix.
Chifukwa chiyani amatchova njuga? Choyamba, msika wobwereketsa mavidiyo pafupifupi wolamulidwa ndi Blockbuster, zomwe sizikufulumira kusiya udindo wake wotsogola. Kachiwiri, panthawi yomwe Netflix idakhazikitsidwa, mawonekedwe a DVD anali atakhalako kwa miyezi ingapo, kupambana kwake kwamalonda kunali kosatsimikizika, ndipo mabanja ambiri adadalirabe matepi a VHS. Pomaliza, m'malo molola makasitomala kubwereketsa makanema m'masitolo apakanema monga akale, Hastings adaganiza zongogwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti ndikutumiza ma disc kunyumba kwawo.
Ndipo ngakhale izi zikuwoneka ngati zachilendo ndipo, mwa nkhani zonse, njira yabwino, amalonda ambiri mu 1997 sanamvetsetse: chifukwa chiyani kasitomala amayenera kusefukira pa intaneti ndikuyitanitsa ma DVD kunyumba pomwe amangotsika pabedi ndikupita kusitolo yapafupi ya Blockbuster, yomwe panthawiyo inali paliponse.
Koma mosiyana ndi iwo, Hastings anamvetsetsa chowonadi chosavuta, koma chofunikira pazaka za digito zomwe zikubwera: anthu sakonda kutsika pabedi.
Mukudziwa zomwe anthu amakonda ngakhale pang'ono kuposa kutsika pabedi? Kulemba mapepala, kusaina makontrakitala, kuwerengera ndalama zotumizira katundu ndi zotumizira, ndikulemba mwamantha masiku pa kalendala kuti mupewe, Mulungu aletsa, kuphonya tsiku lobwereka komanso kulipira chindapusa chachikulu kwambiri pamalipiro anthawi zonse.
Netflix inkafuna kuchepetsa zovuta zonse zazing'onozi, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zokakamiza zomwe makampani ena adangonyalanyaza, kuzitenga mopepuka, kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchita: dinani - kulandira - penyani - tumizani.
Netflix idatenga zolemba zonse, ndipo mu 1999, idasinthanso renti kamodzi ndikulembetsa mwezi uliwonse popanda malire. Tsopano, ngakhale atayesetsa bwanji, makasitomala sakanaphonya renti. Pokhapokha atabera, zomwe, zodabwitsa, zinali zofala pakati pa zigawenga m'ma 1990 ndi 2000.
Lingaliro la kulembetsa kopanda malire linakumana ndi kukayikira, kunena mofatsa. Ofufuza adaneneratu kuti dongosololi lidzakhala lopanda phindu, osati chifukwa cha achinyengo "akuba ma disc." Kupatula apo, makasitomala amatha kubwereka makanema ambiri kotero kuti amangodutsa mtengo wolembetsa.
Izi sizinali zovuta, makamaka popeza ntchito yobweretsera ya Netflix inali yachangu kwambiri. M'malo motumiza chilichonse kuchokera ku ofesi yapakati monga makampani ena, Hastings mwanzeru adapeza maofesi ku America konse, ndipo kenako ku Canada, kotero kuti anthu m'chigawo chilichonse alandire ma disc awo mwachangu momwe angathere.
Ndipo nthawi ino, mantha a okayikirawo adawoneka ngati oyenera: makasitomala ena adadutsa malire osalemba awa. Komabe, posakhalitsa njira yodzitetezera idapangidwa kuti ithane ndi "okonda zolaula" anyumba zotere, osati owona mtima koma ovomerezeka kwathunthu - amadziwika kuti Throttling.
Lingaliro linali ili: ngati Netflix ali ndi buku limodzi, nenani, "Amuna Akuda" atasiyidwa m'nkhokwe yake yosungiramo katundu, ndipo makasitomala awiri adayitanitsa nthawi yomweyo, phukusilo litumizidwa kwa yemwe amachita lendi pafupipafupi. Wogula wachiwiri amayenera kudikirira kuti phukusi lifike kuchokera kumalo ena a Netflix.
Koma ngakhale dongosololi silinathe kupulumutsa kampani ku zowonongeka: pofika 2000, Netflix inayamba kutaya phindu pang'onopang'ono. Panthawi ina, eni ake a Blockbuster adayesa kugula kampaniyo. Pangano silinafikepo. Blockbuster anakana mtengo wa Hastings wa $ 50 miliyoni ndipo, ndithudi, adalakwitsa kwambiri.
Komabe, kutumiza mwachangu komanso kulembetsa kopanda malire kokha sikunali kokwanira kuti mukhale olimba pamsika wodzaza mavidiyo obwereketsa. Komanso, pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, Netflix inali ndi opikisana nawo omwe amavomereza intaneti komanso kulankhulana kwamakasitomala akutali. Ngakhale blockbuster yokhazikika idayambitsa mwadzidzidzi ntchito yake yoperekera.
Ndiye nchiyani chinapangitsa Netflix kukhala yodziwika bwino? Choyamba ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake. Ochita nawo mpikisano a Netflix sanaganizirepo zambiri m'malaibulale awo amakanema.
Ku Blockbuster, 70% yathunthu yamabuku awo inali ndi zatsopano.
Netflix ili ndi 30 okha.
Zina zonse ndi mafilimu azaka zonse ndi mitundu, kuchokera ku classics mwakachetechete kupita ku grindhouse yosamvetseka. Kampaniyo idayesetsa kuti ikwaniritse zokonda zonse, kuphatikiza zodziwika bwino, ndipo nthawi zonse ikukulitsa laibulale yake. Pamene anali kutsegulira, mpambo wawo unali wa mafilimu 952 okha—omwe analipo pa DVD panthaŵiyo—pofika mu 2005, chiŵerengerocho chinali chitakwera kufika pa 35,000.
Koma chomwe chinasiyanitsa Netflix chinali ma algorithms ake. Mndandanda wovuta wa ma microservices ndi mapulogalamu ang'onoang'ono odziyimira pawokha amathandizira tsambalo kuti ligwirizane ndi aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito. Amasankha makanema ndi makanema apa TV omwe angasangalatse wogwiritsa ntchito, kuwonetsetsa kuti akubwerera mobwerezabwereza.
Kwenikweni, ndikusintha kwa digito kwa anthu osauka, ogwira ntchito yobwereka otopa omwe amayesa kutanthauzira zilakolako zosokonezeka za makasitomala.
Njira yoyamba yotereyi, Cinematch, idachita bwino posankha kanema 75% ya nthawiyo. Zachita bwino m'lingaliro lakuti filimu yovomerezeka idalandira ± 0.5 mfundo kuchokera pamawonedwe a kanema yemwe adapanga malingaliro.
Cinematch inaganizira zinthu zingapo: choyamba, mafilimu okha, osanjidwa ndi mtundu, chaka chomasulidwa, wotsogolera, ndi wosewera; chachiwiri, mavoti a kasitomala aliyense, kuphatikizapo mndandanda wa mafilimu obwereka ndi omwe adawaika pamzere; ndipo potsiriza, chiwerengero chonse cha ogwiritsa ntchito Netflix.
Dongosololi lidathandizira Cinematch kupeŵa malingaliro ngati, "Ngati mudawonera Pulp Fiction ndikuipatsa ma rating apamwamba, ndiye kuti Agalu a Reservoir adzalimbikitsidwa." Cinematch idayerekeza mozama kwambiri potengera mavoti a ogwiritsa ntchito ena, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa zotsatira zomwe sizinali zowonekeratu.
Umu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito: tinene kuti mudayitanitsa ndikuvotera kwambiri "Pulp Fiction." Cinematch imapeza anthu ena omwe adavoteranso "Pulp Fiction". Cinematch kenako imayang'ana makanema ena omwe anthuwa adawavotera kwambiri ndipo, mwachitsanzo, mwadzidzidzi adazindikira kuti anthu angapo adavotera "Babe the Four-Legged Baby."
Imayerekezera kuchuluka kwa anthuwa ndikuwerengera mwayi woti inu nokha mungakonde Babe. Akamaliza, amapitilira unyolo, kulumikiza mafilimu omwe akuwoneka kuti ndi osiyana. Cinematch imathanso kulangiza akale, ma blockbusters, ndi makanema odziyimira pawokha, osachepetsa malingaliro ake pamakanema otchuka okha.
Inde, izo zachokera pa youma masamu. Koma, mosiyana ndi machitidwe ena ofanana omwe amaikidwa pa mayina otchuka ndi mitundu, amatsanzira kwambiri chinachake chofanana ndi mawu apakamwa, mndandanda wa malingaliro enieni aumunthu kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zokonda zofanana.
Ndipo, malinga ndi nkhani ya New York Times, dongosololi lapangitsa kuti anthu ku America konse azipereka chidwi kwambiri pazotulutsa paokha, kuphatikiza zomwe sizinapange ndalama zambiri m'malo owonetsera.
Mwachitsanzo, akukhulupirira kuti Netflix adapulumutsa filimu ya Francis Ford Coppola "The Conversation" kuti isaiwale. Zinali zosatheka kupeza m'masitolo obwereketsa makanema ndipo sizinawonetsedwe pa TV.
Koma 75% sinali yokwanira kwa Reed Hastings.
Iye si woyenera kukhazikika pa "zabwino zokwanira," ndipo mu 2006, Netflix adayambitsa mpikisano kuti apange njira yatsopano yopangira malingaliro ndi dziwe la mphotho ya $ 1 miliyoni.
Mu 2009, mphotho idapambanidwa ndi gulu la BellKor's Pragmatic Chaos - ma algorithm awo adachita bwino kuposa Cinematch ndi 10%.
Ma algorithm a Netflix tsopano sagwira ntchito ndi ma ratings a ogwiritsa ntchito (anthu omwe amakonda zofanana), komanso ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu - jenda, mtundu, ndi malo. Kuphatikiza apo, Netflix imasintha chilichonse kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, mpaka pamndandanda wamakanema ake ndi mndandanda.
Posachedwapa, Skynews adadzutsa chipongwe: adawona kuti Netflix ikuwonetsa zikwangwani zosinthidwa mwapadera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito akuda, momwe anthu akuda amabweretsedwa patsogolo, ngakhale mufilimuyo amasewera maudindo ang'onoang'ono.
Chifukwa chake, mukamagwiritsa ntchito Netflix kwambiri, tsamba lanu limasonkhanitsa zambiri za inu, komanso tsamba loyambira limawonekera. Zowopsa? Mwina. Koma mwachiwonekere, zimagwira ntchito.
Mu 2007, Netflix adalengeza kuyesa kwa beta kwa The Watch Now, ntchito yatsopano yopatsa makasitomala mwayi wowonera makanema pa intaneti kudzera pakusaka m'malo mobwereketsa ma DVD. Uyu anali kholo lachindunji la Netflix lomwe tikudziwa lero. Mosiyana ndi opikisana nawo ambiri, omwe adakopeka ndi kutchuka kwa intaneti ndikusokonekera, monga zidachitikira Blockbuster, Netflix anali wokonzeka kusintha.
Kuyambira pachiyambi penipeni, Netflix idakumbatira zaka za digito kuti muchepetse zowonera ndikupanga njira yovomerezera. Simufunikanso kutsika pabedi kuti mulandire katundu.
Malo ogawa ku America asintha kukhala ma seva omwe amasewerera makanema mwachangu kuchokera pagulu lalikulu kupita kulikonse padziko lapansi, zonse momveka bwino.
Ma aligorivimu apamwamba amapanga malingaliro mamiliyoni sekondi iliyonse kuti makasitomala azikhala okhazikika ndikuwonera, kuwonera, kuwonera, ndikuwona ...
Kuyambira 2013, Netflix, yomwe idadziwa kale kupanga makanema apakale, idayamba kupanga zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mndandanda woyamba wodzitukumula wa Netflix Original label unali House of Cards, kutengera mndandanda wa BBC wa 1999 wa dzina lomweli.
Kusankha, mwamwayi, kudakhazikitsidwanso pa masamu owuma: ma miniseries oyambilira aku Britain adafunidwa kwambiri ndi ogwiritsa ntchito a Netflix. Mu 2015, Netflix idayamba mgwirizano ndi Marvel, yomwe, komabe, yatha. Mu 2016, pambuyo posinthanso dzina, kampaniyo idakula kupitilira dziko lonse lapansi ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito m'maiko 150 padziko lonse lapansi.
Mu 2017, Netflix adapeza Millarworld, nyumba yosindikizira ya Mark Millar, wolemba nthabwala za Kick-Ass ndi Kingsman. Mu 2018, adachita mgwirizano ndi Paramount kuti apange nawo mafilimu, ndipo chaka chomwecho, adalandira chisankho chake choyamba cha Oscar pa Chithunzi Chabwino Kwambiri cha Alfonso Cuarón's Roma. Posachedwapa, mu 2019, Netflix adasaina mgwirizano ndi Dark Horse kuti apange mndandanda wazinthu zamabuku.
Kampaniyo ikuwonetsa kuti sizikucheperachepera: kuyambira 2013, atulutsa makanema 249 ndi makanema opitilira 400 a TV, osawerengera omwe adapeza ufulu atapanga. Iwo ali ndi mapulani ena ambiri, kuphatikizapo mafilimu atsopano a Martin Scorsese, Ron Howard, Charlie Kaufman, Zack Snyder, Noah Bomback, ndipo, zodabwitsa, Michael Bay.
Zoonadi, Netflix akadali ndi nkhani zambiri zomwe sizinathetsedwe: ndondomeko yachilendo yachigawo, yomwe makasitomala m'mayiko monga Russia amalipira mofanana ndi omwe ali ku US koma amalandira laibulale ya mafilimu ndi ma TV omwe ali ochepa kakhumi; kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zili mulingo wachiwiri, makamaka pakati pa mafilimu owonetsedwa; ndipo potsiriza, njira yosakwanira yowonetsera zisudzo - ndizochititsa manyazi kuti Scorsese's Roma ndi The Irishman sangawoneke pawindo lalikulu kunja kwa US.
Koma palibe kukana kuti Netflix, monga omwe akupikisana nawo ngati Amazon Prime ndi Hulu, yasintha mpaka kalekale makampani opanga mafilimu ndi TV. Zomwe zili mkati zachulukirachulukira kakhumi, mpikisano wakula, ndipo mafilimu ang'onoang'ono, odziyimira pawokha apeza njira yodutsa malo owonetsera, omwe akhala akulamuliridwa ndi ma blockbusters akuluakulu. Series safunikanso kudikirira kuti mawayilesi awo aziwulutsa ndi ma chingwe kuti awapatse mipata yokwanira pazotulutsa zisudzo.
Ndipo chikoka chawo sichimangokhala mbali ya kulenga ya kapangidwe ka filimu. Netflix, kachiwiri pazifukwa zotsatsa, yakhala ikukankhira mbali yaukadaulo yamakampani opanga mafilimu kwazaka zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2018, kampaniyo idaletsa opanga kujambula zojambula zoyambirira za kampaniyo kuti asagwiritse ntchito makamera a AR-Alexa (odziwika kwambiri ku Hollywood, musaganize).
Ndichifukwa choti kusamvana kwake kwakukulu ndi 3,2K, pomwe muyezo wa Netflix umafunikira 4K. Pambuyo pokangana komanso mikangano yambiri, ARRI idatulutsa kamera yatsopano yokhala ndi sensor ya 4,5K.
Netflix imafunanso kuti opanga ake agwiritse ntchito matekinoloje a HDR ndi Dolby Atmos, ndipo posachedwa adayambitsa Netflix Post Technology Alliance, pulogalamu yopangira matekinoloje ojambulira. Tsopano, zida zonse, kuyambira makamera kupita ku mapulogalamu, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi miyezo ya kampani zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha kampaniyo.
Zikuwonekerabe komwe kupita patsogolo kudzatsogolera luso panthawi ino. Mwina makanema onse a auteur posachedwa asiya malo owonetsera osangalatsa kuti azikasewera. Mwina kutsatsa kudzathetsa nthawi yayitali ya blockbusters mu cinema.
Kapena mwinamwake chinachake chidzachitika ... Koma ndithudi zidzachitika. Mu 2019, kuwonera kwa Netflix kudayamba kuchepa kwa nthawi yoyamba kuyambira m'ma 2000, ndipo mwachidziwikire kampaniyo sikhala pansi ndikuwonera.
Kupatula apo, ndi ntchito yathu, owonera, kukhala pansi ndikuwonera.
Zikomo chifukwa chokhala nafe. Kodi mumakonda zolemba zathu? Mukufuna kuwona zambiri zosangalatsa? Tithandizeni potipatsa oda kapena kulimbikitsa anzathu, 30% kuchotsera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a Habr pa analogi yapadera yamaseva olowera, omwe tinapangira inu: (ikupezeka ndi RAID1 ndi RAID10, mpaka 24 cores mpaka 40GB DDR4).
Dell R730xd 2 nthawi zotsika mtengo? Pokhapokha ku Netherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - kuchokera $99! Werengani za
Source: www.habr.com
