Kusamuka kokanika kwa IT kunapangitsa kuti mbiri yamakasitomala akubanki 1,3 biliyoni awonongeke. Izi zonse zidachitika chifukwa cha kuyezetsa kosakwanira komanso malingaliro opanda pake pamakina ovuta a IT. Cloud4Y ikufotokoza momwe zidachitikira.
Mu 2018 English anazindikira kuti "chisudzulo" chake chazaka ziwiri ndi gulu la banki la Lloyds (makampani onse awiri ophatikizidwa mu 1995) anali okwera mtengo kwambiri. TSB inali yomangirizidwabe ndi mnzake wakale kudzera mu makina a Lloyds IT omwe adapangidwa mwachangu. Choyipa kwambiri, banki idayenera kulipira "alimony," chindapusa chapachaka cha $ 127 miliyoni.
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amakonda kulipira ndalama kwa omwe amachoka, kotero pa April 22, 2018 pa 18:00 TSB inayamba gawo lomaliza la ndondomeko ya miyezi 18 yomwe imayenera kusintha chirichonse. Zinakonzedweratu kusamutsa mabiliyoni a mbiri yamakasitomala ku IT system ya kampani yaku Spain ya Banco Sabadell, yomwe idagula TSB kwa $ 2,2 biliyoni mchaka cha 2015.
Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Banco Sabadell JosΓ© Olu adalankhula za zomwe zikubwera masabata a 2 Khrisimasi 2017 isanachitike pamsonkhano wapaphwando muholo yodziwika bwino ku Barcelona. Chida chofunikira kwambiri chosamukira chinali kukhala mtundu watsopano wadongosolo lopangidwa ndi Banco Sabadell: Proteo. Idasinthidwanso kuti Proteo4UK makamaka pantchito yosamukira ku TSB.
Pachiwonetsero cha Proteo4UK, mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Banco Sabadell, Jaime Guardiola Romojaro, adadzitamandira kuti dongosolo latsopanoli ndi ntchito yaikulu yomwe ilibe ma analogi ku Ulaya, yomwe akatswiri oposa 1000 adagwirapo ntchito. Ndipo kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwake kudzalimbikitsa kwambiri kukula kwa Banco Sabadell ku UK.
Epulo 22, 2018 idakhazikitsidwa ngati tsiku losamuka. Linali labata Lamlungu madzulo pakati pa masika. Machitidwe a IT a banki anali pansi pamene zolemba zinali kusamutsidwa kuchoka ku dongosolo lina kupita ku lina. Ndi mwayi wapagulu wamaakaunti aku banki obwezeretsedwa mochedwa Lamlungu, munthu angayembekezere kuti bankiyo ibwerera pang'onopang'ono ndikuyambiranso ntchito.
Koma pamene Olyu ndi Guardiola Romojaro anali kuulutsa mosangalala kuchokera pa siteji ponena za kukhazikitsidwa kwa polojekiti ya Proteo4UK, ogwira ntchito omwe anali ndi ntchito yosamukirako anali ndi mantha kwambiri. Ntchitoyi, yomwe idatenga miyezi 18 kuti ithe, idatsalira kwambiri komanso idapitilira bajeti. Panalibe nthawi yopangira mayeso owonjezera. Koma kusamutsa deta yonse ya kampani (yomwe, kumbukirani, ndi mabiliyoni a zolemba) ku dongosolo lina ndi ntchito ya Herculean.
Zinapezeka kuti mainjiniyawo anali ndi mantha pazifukwa zomveka.
Tsamba lomwe makasitomala adawona kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri
Mphindi 20 TSB itatsegula mwayi wopeza maakaunti, pokhala ndi chidaliro chonse kuti kusamukako kudayenda bwino, malipoti oyamba amavuto adafika.
Ndalama zomwe anthu adasungira zidasowa mwadzidzidzi muakaunti yawo. Zogula zocheperako zidalembedwa molakwika ngati zowonongera za madola masauzande ambiri. Anthu ena adalowa muakaunti yawo ndipo sanawone maakaunti awo aku banki, koma maakaunti a anthu osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi ya 21:00, oimira TSB adadziwitsa woyang'anira zachuma (UK Financial Conduct Authority, FCA) kuti banki ili m'mavuto. Koma FCA yazindikira kale: TSB yasokoneza kwambiri, ndipo makasitomala apangidwa opusa. Ndipo, ndithudi, anayamba kudandaula (ndipo masiku ano, kusiya mizere ingapo pa Twitter kapena Facebook sikovuta kwenikweni). Nthawi ya 23:30 p.m., FCA idalumikizidwa ndi woyang'anira ndalama wina, Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA), yemwenso adawona kuti palibe cholakwika.
Pakati pausiku adatha kufika kwa mmodzi wa oimira banki. Ndipo afunseni funso lokhalo: "chiani chikuchitika?"
Zinatenga nthawi kuti timvetsetse kukula kwa tsokali, koma tsopano tikudziwa kuti zolemba za 1,3 biliyoni za makasitomala 5,4 miliyoni zidawonongeka panthawi yakusamuka. Kwa osachepera sabata, makasitomala sankatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo kuchokera pamakompyuta awo kapena mafoni awo. Sanathe kulipira ngongoleyo, ndipo makasitomala ambiri aku banki adalandira chilema pa mbiri yawo yangongole, komanso chindapusa chochedwa.
Izi ndi zomwe TSB kasitomala pa intaneti banki idawonekera
Pamene zovutazo zinayamba kuwonekera, pafupifupi pambuyo pake, oimira mabanki anaumirira kuti mavutowo anali "apakatikati." Patatha masiku atatu, kunanenedwa kuti machitidwe onse anali abwinobwino. Koma makasitomala anapitiriza kufotokoza mavuto. Sizinafike mpaka 26 April 2018 pamene mkulu wa banki, Paul Pester, adavomereza kuti TSB inali "pamawondo ake" pamene makina a IT a banki akupitirizabe kukhala ndi "bandiwifi nkhani" kulepheretsa pafupifupi makasitomala miliyoni kupeza ntchito za banki pa intaneti.
Patatha milungu iwiri ndikusamuka, pulogalamu yakubanki yapaintaneti idanenedwabe kuti ikukumana ndi zolakwika zamkati zokhudzana ndi database ya SQL.
Zovuta zamalipiro, makamaka zabizinesi ndi ngongole zanyumba, zidapitilira mpaka milungu inayi. Ndipo atolankhani omwe amapezeka paliponse adapeza kuti TSB idakana thandizo lochokera ku Lloyds Banking Group kumayambiriro kwa vuto la kusamuka. Nthawi zambiri, mavuto okhudzana ndi kulowa mu ntchito zapaintaneti komanso kuthekera kosinthira ndalama adawonedwa mpaka Seputembara 3.
Zakale za mbiriyakale
ATM yoyamba idatsegulidwa pa 27 June 1967 pafupi ndi Barclays ku Enfield
Njira zamabanki za IT zikuchulukirachulukira pomwe zosowa zamakasitomala ndi ziyembekezo zochokera kubanki zikuwonjezeka. Pafupifupi zaka 40-60 zapitazo, tikadakhala okondwa kuyendera nthambi yakubanki yakumaloko nthawi yabizinesi kuti tisungitse ndalama kapena kuzichotsa kudzera kwa wobwereketsa.
Ndalama zomwe zinali mu akauntiyo zinali zogwirizana mwachindunji ndi ndalama ndi makobidi omwe tinapereka kubanki. Zowerengera zathu zapanyumba zimatha kutsatiridwa ndi cholembera ndi pepala, ndipo makina apakompyuta sanali kupezeka kwa makasitomala. Ogwira ntchito ku banki adayika zidziwitso kuchokera pamapasipoti ndi media zina muzipangizo zomwe zimawerengera ndalamazo.
Koma mu 1967 kumpoto kwa London kwa nthawi yoyamba ATM yomwe inalibe pamalo a banki. Ndipo chochitika ichi chinasintha mabanki. Kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta kwakhala chizindikiro cha chitukuko cha mabungwe azachuma. Ndipo izi zathandiza mabanki kukhala otsogola kwambiri pogwira ntchito ndi makasitomala komanso ndalama zawo. Ndipotu, ngakhale kuti makompyuta analipo kwa ogwira ntchito ku banki okha, anali okhutira ndi njira yakale, "yapepala" yolumikizirana ndi makasitomala. Zinali pongobwera ma ATM komanso mabanki a pa intaneti pomwe anthu ambiri adapeza mwayi wolowera ku banki ya IT.
Ma ATM anali chiyambi chabe. Posakhalitsa anthu anatha kupeΕ΅a mzere wa malo osungiramo ndalama mwa kungoyimba foni kubanki. Izi zimafuna makhadi apadera omwe amaikidwa mu owerenga omwe amatha kumasulira ma siginecha amitundu iwiri (DTMF) omwe amatumizidwa pomwe wogwiritsa ntchito akanikizira kiyi ya "1" (kutaya ndalama) kapena "2" (ndalama za depositi).
Mabanki a pa intaneti ndi mafoni abweretsa makasitomala kufupi ndi machitidwe omwe amayendetsa mabanki. Ngakhale kuti ali ndi malire ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana, machitidwe onsewa ayenera kuyanjana bwino wina ndi mzake komanso ndi mainframe, kuchita macheke a akaunti, kupanga ndalama, ndi zina zotero.
Makasitomala ochepa amaganizira momwe njira yazidziwitso ilili yovuta, mwachitsanzo, mutalowa kubanki yapaintaneti kuti muwone kapena kusintha zambiri zandalama zomwe zili muakaunti yanu. Mukalowa, izi zimadutsa mu seti ya ma seva; pamene mukuchita malonda, dongosololi limabwereza deta iyi muzitsulo zam'mbuyo, zomwe zimakweza kwambiri-kusamutsa ndalama kuchokera ku akaunti imodzi kupita ku ina kulipira ngongole, kupanga malipiro, ndikupitiriza kulembetsa.
Tsopano chulukitsani izi ndi mabiliyoni angapo. Malinga ndi zomwe World Bank idachita mothandizidwa ndi Bill ndi Melinda Gates Foundation, akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi akaunti yakubanki. Aliyense wa anthuwa ali ndi ngongole zoti alipire. Wina amalipira ngongole kapena kusamutsa ndalama kumakalabu a ana, wina amalipira kulembetsa kwa Netflix kapena kubwereka seva yamtambo. Ndipo anthu onsewa amagwiritsa ntchito mabanki angapo.
Makina angapo amkati a IT a banki imodzi (mabanki am'manja, ma ATM, ndi zina zambiri) sayenera kungolumikizana. Ayenera kulumikizana ndi mabanki ena ku Brazil, China, ndi Germany. ATM yaku France iyenera kupereka ndalama zomwe zili pakhadi yaku banki yoperekedwa kwinakwake ku Bolivia.
Ndalama zakhala zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, koma sizinayambe zakhalapo kuti dongosololi likhale lovuta kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha njira zogwiritsira ntchito machitidwe a banki a IT chikuwonjezeka, koma njira zakale zikugwiritsidwabe ntchito. Kupambana kwa banki makamaka kumadalira momwe zida zake za IT zilili "zokhazikika" komanso momwe banki ingapirire kulephera kwadzidzidzi chifukwa chomwe dongosololi lidzakhala lopanda pake.
Palibe mayeso - konzekerani mavuto
Mkulu wa Banco de Sabadell, Jaime Guardiola (kumanzere) anali ndi chidaliro kuti zonse zikhala bwino. Sizinatheke.
Makina apakompyuta a TSB sanali abwino kwambiri kuthetsa mavuto mwachangu. Panali, ndithudi, zosokoneza mapulogalamu, koma kwenikweni banki "inasweka" chifukwa cha zovuta kwambiri za machitidwe ake a IT. Malinga ndi lipotilo, lomwe linakonzedwa m'masiku oyambilira a kuzimitsidwa kwakukulu, "kuphatikiza kwa mapulogalamu atsopano, kuchuluka kwa ma microservices kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito ma Active / Active data Center kudapangitsa kuti pakhale chiwopsezo chopanga."
Mabanki ena, monga HSBC, amagwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi motero ali ndi machitidwe ovuta kwambiri, olumikizana. Koma amayesedwa pafupipafupi, kusamuka ndikusinthidwa, malinga ndi woyang'anira wina wa HSBC IT ku Lancaster. Amawona HSBC ngati chitsanzo cha momwe mabanki ena angayendetsere machitidwe awo a IT: popereka antchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo amavomereza kuti ku banki yaing'ono, makamaka yomwe ilibe chidziwitso cha kusamuka, kuchita izi molondola ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri.
Kusamuka kwa TSB kunali kovuta. Ndipo, malinga ndi akatswiri, ogwira ntchito ku banki sakanatha kufika pamlingo wovutawu potengera ziyeneretso. Kuphatikiza apo, sanavutike ngakhale kuyang'ana yankho lawo kapena kuyesa kusamukako pasadakhale.
Pakulankhula ku Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Britain pamavuto akubanki, Andrew Bailey, wamkulu wa FCA, adatsimikizira izi. Khodi yoyipa mwina idangoyambitsa zovuta zoyamba ku TSB, koma machitidwe olumikizidwa a network yazachuma padziko lonse lapansi amatanthauza kuti zolakwa zake zidapitirizidwa komanso zosasinthika. Bankiyi idapitilizabe kuwona zolakwika zosayembekezereka kwina kulikonse pamapangidwe ake a IT. Makasitomala adalandira mauthenga opanda tanthauzo kapena osagwirizana ndi mavuto awo.
Kuyesa kwa regression kungathandize kupewa ngozi pogwira ma code oyipa asanatulutsidwe ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka popanga nsikidzi zomwe sizingabwezedwe. Koma bankiyo idaganiza zodutsa malo osungiramo mabomba omwe sankawadziwa nβkomwe. Zotsatira zake zinali zodziwikiratu. Vuto lina linali "kukhathamiritsa" kwa ndalama. Kodi zinadzionetsera bwanji? Chowonadi ndi chakuti adaganiza kale kuti achotse zosunga zobwezeretsera zomwe zidasungidwa ku Lloyds, popeza "adadya" ndalama zambiri.
Mabanki aku Britain (ndi enanso) akuyesetsa kuti akwaniritse mulingo wopezeka ndi zinayi, ndiko kuti, 99,99%. Pochita izi, izi zikutanthauza kuti dongosolo la IT liyenera kupezeka nthawi zonse, mpaka mphindi 52 zakupuma pachaka. Dongosolo la "ma nines atatu", 99,9%, poyang'ana koyamba silimasiyana kwambiri. Koma zenizeni izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yopuma imafika maola 8 pachaka. Kwa banki, "ma nine anayi" ndi abwino, koma "atatu asanu ndi anayi" si abwino.
Koma nthawi zonse kampani ikapanga zosintha pamakina ake a IT, imakhala pachiwopsezo. Ndipotu, chinachake chikhoza kusokonekera. Kuchepetsa kusintha kungathandize kupewa mavuto, pomwe kusintha kofunikira kumafunika kuyesa mosamala. Ndipo olamulira aku Britain adayika chidwi chawo pankhaniyi.
Mwina njira yosavuta yopewera nthawi yochepetsera ndikungosintha pang'ono. Koma banki iliyonse, monga kampani ina iliyonse, imakakamizika kubweretsa zinthu zambiri zothandiza kwa makasitomala ndi bizinesi yake kuti akhalebe opikisana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mabanki amakakamizika kusamalira makasitomala awo, kuteteza ndalama zawo ndi deta yawo, kupereka zinthu zabwino zogwiritsira ntchito ntchito. Zikuoneka kuti mabungwe amakakamizika kuthera nthawi yochuluka ndi ndalama kusunga thanzi la zomangamanga awo IT, pamene nthawi yomweyo kupereka ntchito zatsopano.
Chiwerengero cha zolephera zaukadaulo zomwe zanenedwa m'gawo lazachuma ku UK chakwera ndi 187 peresenti pakati pa 2017 ndi 2018, malinga ndi zomwe zidatulutsidwa ndi Financial Conduct Authority yaku UK. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha zolephera ndi mavuto ntchito ntchito zatsopano. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndikofunikira kuti mabanki awonetsetse kuti ntchito zonse zikugwira ntchito mosalekeza komanso pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo lipoti la zochitika. Makasitomala amakhala amanjenje nthawi zonse ndalama zawo zikamatuluka kwinakwake. Ndipo kasitomala amene amaopa ndalama nthawi zonse amakhala chizindikiro cha vuto.
Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pa kulephera kwa TSB (panthawi yomwe CEO wa banki adasiya ntchito), oyang'anira zachuma ku UK ndi Bank of England. zokambilana zokhuza kukhazikika kwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake adayesa kudzutsa funso la momwe mabanki akuya apitira kufunafuna zatsopano, komanso ngati angatsimikizire kuti dongosololi likuyenda bwino lomwe ali nalo tsopano.
Chikalatacho chinaperekanso zosintha pamalamulo. Zinali zokhudza kuchititsa anthu mkati mwa kampani kuti aziyankha mlandu pazomwe zikulakwika mumakampani a IT. Aphungu a nyumba ya malamulo a ku Britain analongosola motere: βMukakhala ndi thayo laumwini, ndipo mukhoza kusowa ndalama kapena kupita kundende, zimenezi zidzasintha kwambiri kaonedwe ka ntchito, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezereka kwa nthaΕ΅i yoperekedwa ku nkhani ya kudalirika ndi chitetezo.β
Zotsatira
Kusintha kulikonse ndi chigamba chimatsikira pakuwongolera zoopsa, makamaka pamene mazana mamiliyoni a madola akukhudzidwa. Ndi iko komwe, ngati chinachake chalakwika, chikhoza kuwononga ndalama ndi mbiri. Zingawoneke ngati zinthu zomveka. Ndipo kulephera kwa banki panthawi yakusamuka kunayenera kuwaphunzitsa zambiri.
Anali. Koma sanandiphunzitse. Mu Novembala 2019, TSB, yomwe idapezanso phindu ndipo idakulitsa mbiri yake pang'onopang'ono, makasitomala "adakondwera" m'munda waukadaulo wazidziwitso. Kugunda kwachiwiri kwa banki kudatanthauza kuti ikakamizika kutseka nthambi 82 mu 2020 kuti ichepetse ndalama zake. Kapena sakanatha kupulumutsa pa akatswiri a IT.
Kutopa ndi IT pamapeto pake kumabwera pamtengo. TSB idanenanso kuti idatayika $ 134 miliyoni mu 2018, poyerekeza ndi phindu la $ 206 miliyoni mu 2017. Ndalama zomwe zimatumizidwa pambuyo pa kusamuka, kuphatikizapo malipiro a makasitomala, kukonza zochitika zachinyengo (zomwe zinawonjezeka kwambiri panthawi ya chipwirikiti cha banki), ndi thandizo la chipani chachitatu, zinakwana $ 419 miliyoni. Wopereka IT kubankiyo adalipiranso $194 miliyoni chifukwa cha gawo lawo pamavuto.
Komabe, ziribe kanthu zomwe aphunzira kuchokera ku kulephera kwa banki ya TSB, zosokoneza zidzachitikabe. Ndizosapeweka. Koma ndi kuyesa ndi ma code abwino, kuwonongeka ndi nthawi yopuma kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Cloud4Y, yomwe nthawi zambiri imathandiza makampani akuluakulu kuti asamukire kumalo osungira mitambo, amamvetsa kufunikira kosuntha kuchoka ku dongosolo lina kupita ku lina. Chifukwa chake, titha kuchita zoyeserera zonyamula katundu ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yosunga zobwezeretsera zamagawo angapo, komanso zosankha zina zomwe zimakulolani kuti muwone chilichonse chomwe mungathe musanayambe kusamuka.
Ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe mungawerenge pabulogu?
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Lembani ku wathu -channel kuti musaphonye nkhani yotsatira! Timalemba zosaposa kawiri pa sabata komanso pa bizinesi.
Source: www.habr.com