Ndi maluso ati ofewa omwe wopanga amafunikira? Malingaliro ochokera ku Yandex

Olympiad wamkulu wophunzira ayamba posachedwa "Ndine katswiri". Yakhala ikuyenda pa intaneti komanso pa intaneti kwa zaka zingapo tsopano. Ophunzira ochokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo luso, akhoza kutenga nawo mbali. Olympiad imakonzedwa ndi mayunivesite otsogolera a 26: National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow State University, Moscow State Technical University, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, MEPhI, St. Petersburg State University, ITMO University ndi ena.

Yandex ndi mnzake waukadaulo wa polojekitiyi. Kwa ife, "Ndine Katswiri" wakhala mwayi wabwino kwa chaka chachiwiri chotsatira kuyankhula za kufunikira kwa luso lofewa (luso lofewa) mu ntchito ya omanga ndi akatswiri ena. Chaka chapitacho, ofesi yathu ku Moscow inachititsa msonkhano wa Olympiad odzipereka ku luso lofewa. Mtsogoleri wa ofesi yachitukuko ya Yandex ku Novosibirsk, Sergei Brazhnik, adalankhulanso za iwo, akuyankhula pa maphunziro omwe ali mu pulogalamu ya "Ine ndine Professional". Lero SERGEY ndi mameneja awiri ku Yandex - Anna Fedosova ndi Oleg Mokhov Olegbl4 - Adzauza Habr za luso lofewa: zomwe iwo ali, zomwe wopanga amafunikira, komwe angawapeze, komanso momwe kupezeka kwawo kumakhudzira kukula kwa kampani.

SERGEY Brazhnik, wamkulu wa ofesi yachitukuko ku Novosibirsk, mkulu wa chitukuko cha ntchito zamaphunziro m'chigawo.

- Kwa wopanga mapulogalamu, "4Ks" ndi yofunika: kulingalira mozama, kulenga, mgwirizano ndi kulankhulana. Ambiri amavomereza kuti kulankhulana mu ntchito imeneyi si luso lofunika, koma ngati mukuganiza za izo, m'pofunika kukula akatswiri: muyenera kutha kufunsa mafunso, kumvetsera ndi kumva interlocutor wanu, kufotokoza maganizo anu ndi kuvomereza za wina, lankhulani ndi kukambirana. Wophunzirayo sangathe kugwira ntchito pagulu kapena kuganiza mozama - ndipo izi ndizabwinobwino, chifukwa alibe maziko otere.

Ngati katswiri wokhwima kale abwera kwa ife kuti adzatifunse mafunso, ndiye kuti timawunika maluso onsewa pakukambirana. Timaona mmene munthu amadzilankhulira. M'njira, timafunsa mafunso otsogolera ndikumveketsa zambiri. Timayesa kuganiza mozama pogwiritsa ntchito mavuto. Kumbali ina, ndikofunikira kwa ife kuti amathetsa, komano, timayang'ana momwe amathetsera ndendende.

Kwa wopanga mapulogalamu omwe amagwira ntchito kale kukampani, pali njira ziwiri zodziwira maluso omwe akusowa. Choyamba ndikufunsani mayankho kwa manejala wanu. Ngati sakuwuzani kalikonse, sizitanthauza kuti zonse zili bwino. Ngati mukukayikira, funsaninso. Pakati pa ntchito zamakono ndi zolinga zamalonda, oyang'anira akhoza kuiwala za malangizo a mapulogalamu - ndikofunika kuwakumbutsa. Njira yachiwiri ndikuyesera kudziyesa nokha wachibale ndi anzanu ena mu timu, mwachitsanzo, panthawi yokambirana, pamene aliyense amataya malingaliro ndikukambirana ndi kuwadzudzula.

Tiyerekeze kuti mukumvetsa maluso omwe mukusowa. Ichi ndi sitepe yoyamba ndi yofunika kwambiri - kuzindikira kuti inde, ndithudi, chinachake cholakwika ndi ine pano. Kenako, pezani mlangizi - osachepera bwenzi lomwe lapanga maluso awa. Mutha kungoyang'ana bwenzi. Ndipo ngati mutapeza mlangizi, adzatha kukupatsani uphungu ndikuyang'anira kukula kwanu. Mlangizi atha kukhala mnzako (zimangodziwikiratu chifukwa chake akufunika kuyang'aniridwa - mukuyesetsa kukwaniritsa cholinga chomwechi) kapena nthawi zina ngakhale katswiri wakunja (koma nthawi zambiri amakhala munthu yemwe mumamudziwa, apo ayi zolinga zake sizidziwika). Mabuku, maphunziro, maphunziro ndi njira zinanso, koma mwanjira iyi mumangodziwa. Kuti chidziwitso chisinthe kukhala luso, pamafunika kuyeserera nthawi zonse.

Maluso olankhulana amawongoleredwa kwambiri panthawi yoyimilira - misonkhano yanthawi yochepa ya tsiku ndi tsiku, pomwe membala aliyense wa gulu amafotokozera zomwe akugwira ntchito. Kulankhula kulikonse pagulu kumathandizanso. Ndipo yesani kulumikizana kwambiri ndi anzanu ndikugawana zomwe mwakumana nazo mugulu.

Ngati mukufuna kusankha mtsogoleri wa gulu pakati pa woyang'anira polojekiti yaukadaulo ndi wopanga, palibe yankho lomveka bwino lomwe lili bwino. Mu Yandex, ngakhale polojekiti, monga lamulo, ikhoza kulemba code. Chifukwa chake, nditha kufanizira kaye woyang'anira ndi wopanga mapulogalamu molingana ndi magawo angapo: momwe angadziwire kukhazikitsa ntchito ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, momwe amayendetsera gululo, komanso kuti ndi ubale wotani ndi gululo. Zimachitika kuti munthu amaika ntchito bwino ndikuyang'anira nthawi yomalizira, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndi gululo. Zonse zimatengeranso yemwe apanga chisankho. Wina yemwe anali wopanga yekha osati manejala amatha kusankha wopanga wina ngati manejala.

Ndi luso lokhalokha mutha kukhala mtsogoleri wamagulu - pakhala pali milandu. Koma mamenejala amene amakweza munthu woteroyo kukhala utsogoleri wa timu ayenera kumenyedwa pamkono. Chifukwa iye, pophunzira momwe amapitira, adzasokoneza kwambiri kuti timuyo iwonongeke. Ndiye zonse zimatengera mphamvu za anyamatawo. Kapena amadikira mpaka munthuyo atakula n’kuzindikira zimene zikuchitika. Kapena sadikira ndikuyamba kuthawa.

Ngati mukupangabe wopanga mapulogalamu olimba kukhala manejala, ndiye choyamba muyenera kumukonzekeretsa bwino ndikuonetsetsa kuti mwamulangiza kwa miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira.

Anna Fedosova, wamkulu wa dipatimenti yophunzitsa ndi chitukuko

- Ndizovuta kulemba mndandanda wathunthu wa luso. Kotero, chitsanzo cha luso la Lominger zikuphatikizapo 67 malo. Mkati mwa Yandex, timagawanitsa luso kukhala lapadziko lonse lapansi ndi lomwe oyang'anira amafunikira.

Maluso Padziko Lonse kugwirizana ndi kuchita bwino kwaumwini ndi kuyanjana ndi ena. Kuchita bwino kwaumwini kumagwirizanitsidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi luso lodzilamulira, nthawi, machitidwe a ntchito, kutsata zotsatira, kulingalira mozama, ndi luso lophunzira. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa chuma chamakono ndi chuma cha zaka makumi atatu zapitazo ndikuti simungathe kuchita zomwezo moyo wanu wonse. Mwinamwake, chinachake chidzasintha, ndipo muyenera kukonzekera.

Gulu lina la luso lapadziko lonse ndi lokhudzana ndi kuyankhulana ndi anthu ena. Sitikukhalanso m'masiku a kupanga mzere wa msonkhano. Chilichonse chomwe mungachite, mudzayenera kukambirana ndikukambirana ndi anthu ena. Njira yolankhulirana pankhaniyi imakhala yofunika kwambiri. M'makampani a IT, komwe nthawi yokonzekera ndi yochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha chitukuko chokhazikika chaukadaulo, ngakhale akatswiri aukadaulo amayenera kupanga zisankho zambiri zomwe zimabadwa pazokambirana. Ndipo ogwira ntchito sangalole kuti zokambirana zifike pamapeto, apo ayi ntchito idzangoyima.

A osiyana lalikulu wosanjikiza ndi luso kwa oyang'anira. Izi zikuphatikiza kuthekera kokhazikitsa ndikuwunika ntchito, kulimbikitsa ena ndikudzikulitsa nokha, kukhala mtsogoleri, kumanga gulu lanu ndikulumikizana ndi magulu ena.

Ku Yandex, mapulogalamu ophunzitsira luso lofewa amapangidwa kuti ogwira ntchito azigwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana pamalo otetezeka. Izi zitha kukhala zomwe sanakumanepo nazo kale, kapena zochitika zina zomwe adakumana nazo zomwe angafune kupeza zotsatira zabwino. Pali zambiri zomwe zingatheke, kuyambira polemba ntchito anthu atsopano ndi kukhazikitsa zolinga, mpaka mikangano ya chidwi ndi nkhani zolimbikitsa. Monga lamulo, kusamvana pakati pa wogwira ntchito ndi manejala kumakhala kovuta kwa onse awiri, koma mukhoza kuphunzira kulimbana nawo.

Njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Choncho, n'kovuta kwambiri kuphunzira ntchito yamagulu. Kusukulu timaphunzitsidwa kugwira ntchito payekhapayekha, magiredi amaperekedwa kuti apambane pamaphunziro athu. Koma ndi m’gulu lomwe anthu amaphunzira kutenga udindo, kugawana maudindo pakati pawo, ndi kugwirizana pa zolinga ndi zotsatira zofanana. Ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuti muyenera kuphunzira izi ngati munthu wamkulu kuntchito. Tsopano masukulu ena amaphunzira motengera mapulojekiti komanso kumaliza limodzi ntchito. Izi ziyenera kuthandiza kuphunzira ntchito yamagulu kuyambira ubwana.

Kodi mungaphunzitse bwanji akuluakulu kuphunzira ndi kupeza chidziwitso paokha? Nthawi zina luso la maphunziro apamwamba limathandiza. Maphunziro a masters ndi omaliza maphunziro amaphunzitsa ophunzira kumvetsetsa zomwe zili zofunika komanso zomwe sizofunikira, komanso komwe angayang'ane chidziwitso chofunikira. Koma nthawi zambiri muyenera kudziwa izi kale mukugwira ntchito. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti imodzi mwamaphunziro otchuka kwambiri ku Coursera imatchedwa Kuphunzira kuphunzira.

Palibe chinthu chothandiza kwambiri pophunzira kuposa kudzidziwa bwino: kudziyang'ana nokha kuchokera kunja mothandizidwa ndi mayankho omwe adalandira kuchokera kwa anzanu, ndikuganiziranso zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino ndi zomwe siziri, kupeza anthu omwe mukufuna kukhala nawo, ndi kudziyerekeza wekha nawo.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chilimbikitso chili pachimake pa chilichonse. Ngati mumvetsetsa kuti ndinu osagwirizana, koma muyenera kusintha izi, mwachitsanzo, izi ndizofunikira kwa gulu, ndiye kuti zonse zomwe zimalimbikitsa komanso kufunika kosintha zidzawonekera. Ngati simukufunika kulumikizana ndi wina aliyense pantchito, ndiye chifukwa chiyani mumadzichepetse?

Oleg Mokhov, wamkulu wa chitukuko cha ntchito za HR ndi Yandex.Contest service, yomwe imakhala ndi gawo la intaneti la Olympiad.

- Madivelopa opanda zilakolako za utsogoleri wamagulu safuna luso lofewa. M’pofunika kukhala wokhoza kufunsa mafunso, kumvetsera, ndi kufotokoza malingaliro anu. Kuti muwongolere maluso awa, mutha kupereka lipoti pamsonkhano kapena kuwerenga maphunziro ku yunivesite. Tonse tinaphunzira panthaŵi ina, kutanthauza kuti tikhoza kuphunzitsa munthu tokha. Ophunzira ndi openga ndipo amafunsa mafunso obisika kwambiri. Kutha kuwayankha mwachangu ndikupachika lilime lanu kumakuthandizani kuti mukhale odekha mukamakambilana.

Mabuku sathandiza ndi luso lofewa. Maphunziro amathandiza kokha ngati mumapita nawo pafupipafupi. Koma ndizothandiza kwambiri kubwera kumsonkhanowu ndikuchitapo kanthu. Ingofunsani mafunso kwa wokamba nkhani.

Pamafunso, nthawi zina ndimafunsa ngakhale yankho lolondola la wofunsayo - ndimayang'ana momwe amaganizira. Koma izi zimagwira ntchito ngati munthu amadzidalira yekha. Kawirikawiri, ndi bwino kusanthula luso lofewa panthawi yofunsa mafunso omaliza. Mwachitsanzo, ndikufunsani kuti mutiuze za ntchito yosangalatsa kwambiri yomwe wosankhidwayo wachita. Mwanjira iyi mutha kudziwa zomwe zimakondweretsa munthu - kukopera, kufufuza, kupeza zotsatira kapena kulumikizana.

Anthu ambiri omwe apanga luso lofewa mopanda pake amakhala oyang'anira apamwamba omwe tsiku lawo lonse limakhala ndi misonkhano. Kodi mungasungire bwanji luso lanu la coding? Mumadziuza nokha: Ndakhala ndikukonza kwa maola awiri. Mumathimitsa zidziwitso zonse, foni yanu, ndi njira yokhayo. Ndikudziwa atsogoleri omwe amachita izi. Chabwino, zoyankhulana ndi zigawo zaukadaulo zimathandizanso kukulitsa ubongo. Mu Yandex, mudangosiya kukhala wamng'ono, ndipo mudzaitanidwa kale ku zokambirana. Zili ngati msonkho chifukwa umagwira ntchito kukampani yayikulu.

Ngati mukufuna kusankha mtsogoleri wa gulu pakati pa woyang'anira ndi wopanga mapulogalamu, ndiye kuti zonse zimadalira udindo wamtsogolo wa mtsogoleri. Ndi chinthu chimodzi ngati manejala nthawi ina anali wopanga yekha. Ndiye ali ndi mwayi wochuluka. Ndizosiyana ngati ndi polojekiti station wagon. Amalumikizana ndi magulu a backend ndi frontend, opanga, ndi akatswiri. Koma sakudziwa momwe laibulale inayake imagwirira ntchito kutsogolo, sadziwa bwino mapulogalamu asynchronous kumbuyo, ndipo samamvetsetsa chifukwa chake ndizovuta. Kukula kwa Madivelopa kumafuna kudumphira mozama. Ndipo chofunikira cha kasamalidwe ndikusonkhanitsa pamwamba, kumvetsetsa vuto ndikukhazikitsa kulumikizana ndi njira. Chifukwa chake, ndikukhulupirira kuti manejala nthawi zambiri sangathe kukonza luso lachitukuko cha anthu.

Gulu likhoza kukhala ndi chidani ndi munthu wakunja. Kotero ine ndikanasankha mtsogoleri pakati pa omanga okha, ndipo mwina sindikanasankha amphamvu kwambiri mwa iwo. Tiyerekeze kuti munthu wagwira ntchito kwa zaka zisanu, tsopano ndi woyambitsa wamkulu, koma pazaka zisanu zokha zida zolimba zidakula, ndipo mapulogalamu sanakule. Ndiye sindingathe kuyembekezera kuti adzakwera kumwamba ngati ndimupatsa udindo. Koma pamene womangamanga wakhala akugwira ntchito kwa chaka chimodzi, koma ndikuwona kuti ali ndi lilime labwino, amalankhulana, amatha kugwirizanitsa anthu angapo, kuthetsa mikangano pakati pawo - ichi ndi chitsogozo cha gulu kwa ine, ngakhale kuti sali woyambitsa wamkulu. .

Sindikhulupirira nkhani yomwe munthu amakhala mtsogoleri potengera luso lolimba yekha. Gulu lotsogolera popanda mapulogalamu mwina silingakwaniritse ntchito yake kwinakwake. Kodi izi zingagwire ntchito liti? Pamene okhala pansi amadzidalira. Ndili ndi mawu ofotokozera oyang'anira atsopano: amphaka ndi osavuta kuwawongolera. Otsogolera gulu amakhumudwa akakhala ndi milandu yovuta - wogwira ntchito wina akufuna kusiya, wina akuvutika maganizo ndikuyamba kuchita zochepa, wachitatu ali ndi mkangano. Kwa ichi ndikunena kwa mtsogoleri wa gulu lawo - sangalalani, iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba yomwe muyenera kugwira ntchito monga mtsogoleri. Chifukwa amphaka - amawomba, ndi okoma mtima, okondwa - ndi osavuta kuwalamulira.

Source: www.habr.com