Mpaka pano, kuyesera kwa makampani aku China kuti azitha kuchita bwino njira zaukadaulo zochepera 7 nm kunkadziwika kokha chifukwa cha mphekesera zokhudza mgwirizano pakati pa SMIC ndi Huawei, koma bukuli linanena. Nikkei Asian Review Sabata ino, Huawei yalengeza kuti si makampani ena okha a Huawei, komanso kampani yopanga ma contract ku China ya Hua Hong Semiconductor, omwe alowa nawo mu pulogalamu yothandizidwa ndi boma.
Mwanjira yabwino, monga momwe gwero lanenera, opanga aku China sakufuna kungowonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu za 7-nm, zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri mu gawo la zomangamanga za AI, komanso kudziwa bwino njira ya 5-nm kapena zofanana nayo pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa transistor ndi magwiridwe antchito. Cholinga chachikulu cha ntchitoyi ndi kudzaza msika waku China ndi ma chip apamwamba a zomangamanga zamakompyuta za AI.
Malinga ndi gwero lina, makampani aku China pakadali pano ali ndi mphamvu zokonza ma wafer a silicon osapitirira 20,000 pamwezi pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba. Chiwerengerochi chikuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka kufika pa 100,000 mkati mwa zaka ziwiri, ndi kufika pa 500,000 pofika kumapeto kwa zaka khumi. Zambiri m'derali zidzadalira luso la opanga aku China kupeza zida zoyenera zopangira ma chip, chifukwa sangathe kuzitumiza kunja chifukwa cha zilango za ku Western, ndipo makampani akumaloko sali okonzeka kusintha nthawi yomweyo zida zonse zofunika.
SMIC ikupanga kale ma chips a 7-nm pogwiritsa ntchito zida za ASML lithography zomwe zilipo. Ikupanganso ma processor a 5-nm ofanana, omwe amadziwika kuti "N+3." Ma processors aposachedwa a Kirin 9030 a Huawei ndi ma chips a Ascend accelerator ochokera ku mtundu womwewo akuyembekezeka kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu. Magwero ena amanena kuti ngakhale atapanga ma chips a 7-nm kwa zaka zingapo, SMIC sinapezebe zokolola zokwanira komanso ndalama zovomerezeka zopangira.
Malinga ndi Nikkei, kampani ya Hua Hong Semiconductor yaku China yasintha pang'ono kukhala kampani yopanga ma chip pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono ndipo, mothandizidwa ndi Huawei, yayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa lithography. Opanga ma chip ambiri aku China omwe sakudziwika bwino, onse olumikizidwa ndi Huawei mwanjira ina, akugwiranso ntchito kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochepera 10 nm. Kuwonjezera pa Huawei yokha, akulandira thandizo la ndalama kuchokera ku maboma a m'mizinda ina ku China.
JHICC, kampani yomwe kale inali yopanga ma memory chips pansi pa zilango za ku America, yapereka malo ake opangira zinthu kuti ayesere makina atsopano opangidwa ku China.
Huawei yokha ikukonzekera kuyambitsa ma chips atsopano angapo a AI accelerator chaka chino, kuphatikizapo Ascend 950PR ndi 950DT. Gawo la wopanga uyu pamsika waku China mu 2024 linafika pa 23%, lachiwiri pambuyo pa 66% ya Nvidia, malinga ndi Bernstein. American AMD inali yokhutira ndi 5% ya msika waku China, pomwe opanga ena aku China anali ndi 1%. Mphamvu yonse iyenera kuti inasintha kuyambira pamenepo, monga momwe zikuwonekera ndi madandaulo ochokera kwa oyang'anira a Nvidia.
Akuti akuluakulu aku China amatha kukopa opanga ma chip omwe ali m'dziko muno, zomwe zimawakakamiza kuti apereke ndalama zogulira ma chip kwa makasitomala ofunikira. N'zosavuta kuganiza kuti Huawei yakhala ikusangalala ndi mwayi woterewu mpaka pano. Kusowa kwa mphamvu zopangira zokhudzana ndi lithography yapamwamba kudakali chopinga chachikulu pakukula kwa makampani aku China a AI. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zopangira ma chip zomwe zimapangidwa ku China sizokwanira kuti zilowe m'malo mwachangu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja. Mulimonsemo, ogulitsa zida aku China akukulitsa bizinesi yawo mwachangu. M'zaka zikubwerazi, adzayenera kuthana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa makampani aku China kupeza zomwe zimatchedwa EUV lithography, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga ma chip pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo yapamwamba yaukadaulo.
Pambuyo poti akumana ndi zilango ku US, opanga ma chip ambiri aku China akukakamizidwa kudalira SMIC, osatha kugwiritsa ntchito makontrakitala akunja monga TSMC kapena Samsung. Izi zayamba kale kukulitsa bizinesi ya opanga ma chip aku China. SMIC yakhala wosewera wachitatu padziko lonse lapansi pambuyo pa TSMC ndi Samsung, pomwe ndalama zomwe Hua Hons Semiconductor imagwiritsa ntchito pamsika zikufanana ndi zomwe GlobalFoundries kapena UMC yaku Taiwan imachita.
Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti opanga ma chip aku China sadzakwanitsabe kudzaza msika wakomweko, ndipo palibe choopseza padziko lonse lapansi cha TSMC ndi Samsung. Ndalama zomwe opanga ma chip aku China ambiri ayamba kukwera mofulumira, ndipo ena afika poyambira. Akuluakulu aku China akupereka ndalama zogulira zida za AI zopangidwa m'deralo; ma processor ochokera ku Huawei ndi Hygon kale ndi omwe amagula zoposa 60% pansi pa pulogalamuyi. Kudzipereka kwa China pakukulitsa makampani ake opanga ma semiconductor m'dziko muno mwina kungapangitse phindu lalikulu kwa ogulitsa zida zomwe sizinalangidwe ndi Western.
Source:
Source: 3dnews.ru
