Genesis?). Kulingalira za chikhalidwe cha malingaliro. Gawo I

• Maganizo, chidziwitso ndi chiyani.
• Kodi kuzindikira kumasiyana bwanji ndi kuzindikira?
• Kodi kuzindikira ndi kudzizindikira ndi chinthu chomwecho?
• Lingaliro - lingaliro lotani?
• Kupanga zinthu, kulingalira - chinthu chodabwitsa, chobadwa mwa munthu, kapena...
• Momwe maganizo amagwirira ntchito.
• Kulimbikitsa, kukhazikitsa zolinga - chifukwa chiyani mukuchita chilichonse.


Luntha lochita kupanga ndi Grail Woyera wa munthu aliyense amene walumikiza moyo wake ndi IT. Korona wa chitukuko cha makina aliwonse, mapulogalamu, mapangidwe a makina ndiye pachimake pa chirichonse. Komabe, funso ndiloti "Kodi chidziwitso, luntha ndi chiyani?" amakhalabe otsegula. Sindikumvetsa kuti ndi anthu angati omwe angatenge nawo gawo pamutu womwe palibe tanthauzo lake, koma sindinapeze lingaliro lomwe limandikhutiritsa. Ndipo ine ndimayenera kuti ndibwere nazo ndekha.

Chodzikanira: Opus iyi sikunena kuti ndikusintha mu paradigm ya AI, kapena vumbulutso lochokera kumwamba, ndi zotsatira chabe za kulingalira pamutuwu komanso, kumlingo wina, kuwunikira. Komanso, ndilibe zotsatira zenizeni zenizeni, kotero malembawo ndi afilosofi kuposa luso.

UPD: Pamene ndimakonzekera nkhaniyi, ndinapeza mfundo zingapo zofanana (Mwachitsanzo,ndipo pa hub). Kumbali ina, ndizokhumudwitsa pang'ono kuti "ndinapezanso njingayo" kachiwiri. Kumbali inayi, sizowopsa kupereka malingaliro anu kwa anthu pomwe salinso anga!

Chiphunzitso choyambirira

Sindidzamenya pathengo ndikupereka mawu oti "momwe ndinafikira" (ngakhale zingakhale zopindulitsa). Ndiyamba pomwepo ndi chinthu chachikulu: mawu.

Ndi uyu:

Chifukwa ndi kuthekera kwa munthu kupanga chowonadi chokwanira, chokwanira komanso chokhazikika.

Zoonadi, mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, kutanthauzira koteroko kumapereka mafunso ambiri kuposa mayankho: momwe mungamangire, pamene, "kukwanira" ndi "zosagwirizana" kumatanthauza chiyani? Inde, ndi ine"chenicheni chopatsidwa kwa ife mu zomverera"(c) Lenin ndi nkhani ya mikangano yambiri yafilosofi. Komabe, chiyambi chapangidwa - tili ndi tanthauzo laluntha. Tidzakulitsa, kukwaniritsa ndi kukulitsa lingalirolo.

Sizopanda pake kuti ndidatchula mawu otchuka onena zenizeni: kuti mupange chitsanzo cha chinthu, muyenera "kumva" chinachake. Yenera kukhala cholengedwa, i.e. kulipo ndi kukhala ndi njira zowonera, njira zolowera deta, masensa - ndizo zonse. Iwo. AI yathu yongopeka imakhala m'dziko linalake ndipo imalumikizana ndi dziko lino. Mfundo yaikulu ya ndimeyi ndi yakuti ndi kupusa kuyembekezera kukambirana kopindulitsa pa mpira wa mpira ndi AI ngati zonse zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino monga Wikipedia! Komabe, lingaliro ili si lachilendo: ngakhale zoyeserera zoyamba ndi dziko lodziwikiratu komanso lomveka bwino zochititsa chidwi. Ndipo izi ndi zaka 50 zapitazo, mwa njira!

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chitsanzo. Zomwe zili zonse, zokwanira komanso zogwirizana. Tanthauzo kuchokera ku Wikipedia Pakadali pano, ikhala yoyenera kwa ife: lachitsanzo ndi dongosolo lomwe kuphunzira kwake kumagwira ntchito ngati njira yopezera chidziwitso chokhudza dongosolo lina. Kapangidwe kake kofunikira sikofunikira kwambiri, ngakhale ndili ndi malingaliro pankhaniyi. Ndikofunika kuti, kutengera zomwe zilipo ("chidziwitso chenicheni"), malingaliro amapanga lingaliro linalake la "momwe zinthu zilili."

Ndizovuta kwambiri kukwanira chitsanzo ichi. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti izi ndi chiyani onse: chidziwitso chilichonse chili m'njira inayake yolembedwa mu chitsanzo cha dziko lonse lapansi cha zenizeni, kapena sichidziwa!. ). Mutha kuloweza mawu mu Chitchainizi, mungagwiritse ntchito machitidwe omwe mwapatsidwa kuti mupeze chidutswa chofanana ... Koma ndi chiyani - ngati mukufuna, mukhoza kuphunzitsidwa ngakhale zochepa - a Chinese adzadabwa! Koma zonsezi ziribe kanthu kochita ndi ntchito zaluntha za mtundu woyamba.

Kukwanira sikutanthauza tsatanetsatane wambiri. Kulakwitsa kwa anthu omwe anayesa pitani mbali iyi (kupanga maziko a chidziwitso chokwanira, pamtengo wazinthu zosaneneka) poyesa kufotokoza zonse nthawi imodzi. Chitsanzo chosavuta kuposa zonse: <Zonse>. Liwu limodzi lenilenilo limatanthauza kusagawanika, kulongosola kogwirizana kwa dziko. Mulingo wotsatira womwe ungafotokozere zenizeni: (<china>, )=<Zonse>. Iwo. pali chinachake ndi china chirichonse pambali pa ichi. Ndipo palimodzi iwo ali chirichonse.

Mwana wobadwa kumene poyamba saona chilichonse. Kuwala ndi mthunzi. Pang'onopang'ono amayamba kusiyanitsa mawanga ena amdima pamtundu wowala ndikuwonekera <china>. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo ndi maonekedwe a chinthu choyamba cha chitsanzo ichi, atatu ena akuwonekera: <malo>, <nthawi> ndi lingaliro <zoyenda> - kusintha kwa malo (kukula?) mu danga pakapita nthawi. Posachedwapa lingaliro la kukulitsa likwaniritsidwa <kukhalapo> - panalibe kanthu, ndiye china chake chinawonekera, chinali pamenepo ndipo chinasowa pakapita nthawi (<kubadwa> и <imfa>?). Tili ndi chitsanzo chophweka kwambiri, koma chiri kale ndi zinthu zambiri: kukhala ndi kusakhalapo, chiyambi ndi mapeto, kuyenda, etc ... Uku ndikulongosola kwathunthu kwa dziko lotizungulira.

Mwa njira, funso ndilo: mungafotokoze bwanji dziko lozungulira, kukhala ndi malingaliro awa (zinthu, danga, nthawi, kuyenda, chiyambi ndi mapeto) ndi iwo okha? 😉

Pakubwera kwa malingaliro a mtundu ndi mawonekedwe, chiwerengero cha zinthu zachitsanzo chikuwonjezeka. Ziwalo zina zamalingaliro zimapereka gawo lopangira ma kulumikizana. Ndipo ma reflexes omangidwa osasinthika amapanga ntchito yowunikira: zofunikira zina zimapanga chitsanzo chomwe m'tsogolomu chimakhala ndi zenizeni zomwe zimayesedwa bwino (zokoma, zofunda, zokondweretsa), pamene zina zimawopsya (nthawi yapitayi zinali zoipa). Apanso, njira zopanda malire zimatikakamiza kuchitapo kanthu pa "zabwino" zenizeni (timamwetulira, kusangalala) komanso moyipa ku zenizeni zoyipa (awu!).

Ndiyeno zikuwoneka Ndemanga. Kapena, mwinamwake, zikuwoneka kale, pamene malingaliro osayenerera amagwira ntchito molingana ndi pulogalamu ya "kutsata chinthu" ndikulola kuti musalole kuti chinthucho chisawoneke kwa nthawi yayitali ... Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri: malingaliro samamanga mopanda pake. chitsanzo cha zenizeni, koma palokha ndi mfundo yogwira ntchito mmenemo!

Chofunika kwambiri pakuyenga chitsanzo ndi luso lopanga malingaliro ndi kuthekera koyesa. Maziko a kutsimikizira ndi yogwira maganizo a dziko. Mosiyana ndi malingaliro osavuta (kulingalira), kuyesa malingaliro ena kumafuna kupeza chidziwitso mwadala. Ndi ndondomeko kuzindikira. Inu mumafunsa dziko funso - limayankha ... Njira imodzi kapena imzake.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti malingaliro onse amapanga ndikumanga chitsanzo. Zogwirizana mwazokha komanso zokwanira zenizeni.

Zokwanira - amatanthauza zogwirizana ndi zenizeni. Ngati zomwe zikubwera sizikugwirizana ndi chitsanzo, ndiye kuti chitsanzocho chiyenera kusinthidwa. Koma nthawi zina izi zimafuna kukonza kwambiri ndipo kwakanthawi mbali zina zachitsanzo zitha kutsutsana ndi ena, i.e. kuyambitsa mikangano. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kusagwirizana kwamtunduwu kumatha kuyambitsa kuzungulira kwatsopano maganizo - iyi ndi njira yogwirira ntchito kuchotsa zotsutsana. Iwo. chikhumbo cha kukwanira, kukwanira ndi kugwirizana kwa chitsanzo ndizo ntchito zoyambira zomwe malingaliro amamangidwira.

Kusintha kwachitsanzo ndikuchifotokozera ndikofunikira zochita zamaganizo. Tsatanetsatane wa chitsanzo ngati n'koyenera ndi mosemphanitsa - generalization ngati n'kotheka. Chitsanzo: apulo ndi mpira ndi pafupifupi mawonekedwe / mtundu wofanana ndipo mpaka pamalo ena amadziwika ngati lingaliro limodzi. Komabe, apulo akhoza kudyedwa, koma mpira si edible - izi zikutanthauza kuti izi ndi zinthu zosiyana ndipo m'pofunika kuti alowe mu chitsanzo chizindikiro chimene chimawalola iwo kusiyanitsa pa gulu (kusiyana tactile, nuances mawonekedwe, mwina. fungo). Kumbali ina, apulo ndi nthochi ali ndi makhalidwe osiyana kwambiri akunja, koma mwachiwonekere payenera kukhala njira zopezera chinthu chomwe chimawapanga iwowo, chifukwa. njira zingapo zimagwira ntchito kwa iwo (kudya).

Ngati muli nazo lingaliro, ziribe kanthu - chifukwa cha mayanjano, chikoka chakunja, choyambitsa chamkati kuchotsa zotsutsana, ndiye izi ndi:

• kapena kuyesa kugawa ndikuyika zatsopano muzachitsanzo,
• kapena chitsanzo chenicheni cha gawo lina lachitsanzo (ngati kuyambira kale, ndiye kukumbukira, ngati kuchokera m'tsogolo, ndiye kuneneratu kapena kukonzekera, ndizotheka kufufuza ubale womwe ukufunidwa, monga yankho ku funso ),
• kapena kufufuza ndi kuthetsa zotsutsana (tsatanetsatane/kugawikana, generalization, kumanganso ndi zina zotero.).

Ndikuganiza kuti nthawi zambiri ndi njira imodzi yokha, yomwe ili kuganiza.

Koma si chitsanzo chokha chomwe chingasinthidwe. Malingaliro ndi gawo la dziko lapansi ndipo ndi mfundo yogwira ntchito padziko lapansi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ikhoza kuyambitsa / kutenga nawo mbali muzochita zomwe zingapangitse dziko kukhala logwirizana ndi chitsanzo. Iwo. Choyamba pali chitsanzo cha dziko, kumene "zonse zili bwino" ndipo mu chitsanzo ichi, kuti akwaniritse zofuna za dongosolo, malingaliro amatenga njira zina. Pochita molingana ndi chitsanzocho ndikukhala ndi chitsanzo chokwanira chokwanira, malingaliro adzalandira kugwirizana. Izi zochita и zolimbikitsa kuchitapo kanthu.

Ngati tikukamba za maliza Zitsanzo za dziko - ziyenera kuphatikizapo chitsanzo yekha. Kuzindikira za kuthekera kwanu kuti mumvetsetse ndikusintha dziko, komanso kuwunika kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yachitsanzo ngati yabwino kapena yoyipa - zolimbikitsa ndi zolimbikitsa kuchitapo kanthu.

Kudziphatikiza nokha mu chitsanzo chomaliza ndikudzidziwitsa nokha, mwinamwake ndiko kudzidziwitsa nokha.

lachitsanzo osati static. Zimakhalapo mu nthawi, ndi mphindi yomveka bwino ya "tsopano" ndipo, chifukwa chake, zakale ndi zam'tsogolo. Ubale woyambitsa-ndi-zotsatira, malingaliro a machitidwe m'malo mwa zinthu, ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la "kukwanira" kwa chitsanzo. Nkhani ina iyenera kulembedwa pamutu wa malingaliro a ndondomeko ngati ili ndi chidwi ndi anthu ammudzi. 😉 Ndidzanena nthawi yomweyo kuti ngati nkhaniyi ikuwoneka ngati yonyansa komanso yodabwitsa, ndiyoipa kwambiri!

Malingaliro mokweza

Malingaliro pamutu womwe udabwera m'maganizo pambuyo pake, kapena zomwe sindinathe kukwanira m'mawu akulu ... Monga chithunzi cha post-credits! ))

• Kuphatikizapo nokha mu chitsanzo smacks wa recursion. Komabe, ndife akatswiri a IT, tikudziwa kuti ulalo ndi chiyani! Inde, ndizowona kuti penapake mu chitsanzo cha chilengedwe pali chitsanzo cha chilengedwe chokha chomwe chimapangitsa kumverera kwa OGVM, komanso kudzipatula! N’zoona kuti aliyense wa ife ndi dziko lonse lapansi.
• M'malo mwake, kuchita zonsezi kudzakhala ntchito yosachepera! "Model" ndi lingaliro lodziwika bwino, ndipo mtundu woperekedwa uyenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzikwaniritsa, ngati nkotheka nkomwe (nthawi zina ndimaona ngati zonse zomwe ndanena pano ndi zazing'ono, zonsezi zinali kale. zomwe zidachitika m'ma 80s ndipo adatsimikiza kuti izi sizingachitike). Mwachitsanzo, chitsanzocho chiyenera kukhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu, maulendo angapo, kusasinthasintha, nthawi zambiri kukhala ndi mphamvu za quantum physics (izi ndi "kukhala m'mayiko angapo nthawi imodzi").
• Ndizoseketsa kuti pali kusokonekera kwachidziwitso pakati pa anthu pomwe, m'malo mwa njira zenizeni zomwe zingatengedwe kuti dziko lapansi likhale pamzere, anthu amangokonzekera zochitika zomwe sizingawalamulire - kuti azitha kuchita bwino kwambiri. njira ... Amanena za anthu oterowo kuti ndi olota ndikumanga nyumba zachifumu mumlengalenga ... Chochititsa chidwi, mkati mwa chiphunzitsocho, sichoncho?
• Komanso, zitsanzo za anthu padziko lapansi nthawi zambiri zimatha kusiyana kwambiri ndi zenizeni.
• Mikhalidwe yotereyi yaumunthu (yomwe nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati yosatheka ku makina) monga luso ndi malingaliro amafotokozedwa mosavuta mkati mwa mutuwu: ndi kulingalira zonse zimveka bwino - izi ndizoyendetsa zachitsanzo muzosankha zosiyanasiyana, koma ndi luso ndizomwe zimapangidwira. zambiri zosangalatsa! Ndimakhulupirira kuti kulenga ndi kuyesa kujambula gawo lachitsanzo mu mawonekedwe ena akuthupi, ndi cholinga choti asamutsire kwa munthu wina wozindikira kapena kuti athe kuvomereza mokwanira zomwe zikutsatiridwa (pambuyo pake, ubongo gwero pankhaniyi ndi malire).
• Offtopic, koma kupitiriza mutu: amatsenga ndi owona. Makhadi a tarot, runes ndi maula ena pamalo a khofi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti apainiya mu bizinesi iyi adagwiritsa ntchito machitidwewa kuti awonetsere / kuwonetsa zitsanzo zomwe anali nazo pamitu yawo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwira nawo ntchito. Ndipo malo awo mumlengalenga sanali mwangozi. Zinali chabe kuti anthu osadziwa sankamvetsa tanthauzo la ndondomekoyi ndipo ankaganiza kuti kudzera muzinthu zamatsenga izi olosera amalankhulana ndi mizimu. Ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi, olosera okhawo adakhala oyengedwa bwino ndikutaya luso lawo lowunikira.
• Kawirikawiri, ndikukhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa machitidwe a generalization ndi magulu, komanso kufufuza njira, chidziwitso chiyenera kuyesetsa kulamulira dziko. Iwo. chinthu chomwe chili ndi mawonekedwe amkati chiyenera kuwonedwa bwino kuposa chinthu chosokonekera komanso chosadziwika bwino chomwe sichikugwirizana ndi chitsanzocho. Ndikuvomereza kwathunthu kuti kumverera kwa kukongola, mgwirizano - kumverera kwa kukongola - ndi zotsatira za chikhumbo ichi (pankhani ya ntchito yojambula). Komanso, dongosolo likhoza kukhala lovuta kwambiri - osati kyubu, koma mwina fractal. Ndipo kumtunda kwa msinkhu wa luntha, magulu ovuta kwambiri a mapangidwe amatha kuphunziridwa.
• Wina angatsutse kuti, amati, bwanji za kukongola kwa "chilengedwe chakuthengo", anthu, nyama ndi zina ... Chabwino, apa ndizofunika kwambiri / kugwirizana / zowona - ndizo zonse. Malingaliro a anthu ena nthawi zambiri amakhala ozikidwa pamalingaliro okhazikika.
• Ndipo komabe, wolemba amaika mtundu wina wa uthenga mu ntchito yake. Iwo. ndi gawo lachitsanzo chake. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti kwa iwo omwe amawona mwachindunji ntchito yake, zosankha zosiyanasiyana ndizotheka: kuchokera "sizinagwire ntchito", pamene sizingatheke kuphatikiza chitsanzo cha wolemba mu chitsanzo chawo, ku catharsis, kuzindikira ndi mayiko ena - pamene sizinali "zinagwira ntchito" ndi "mwangozi", komanso "kuyika chirichonse m'malo mwake"...
• Mwa njira, nkhaniyi ndi yachidziwitso ... Kodi mudafika kumeneko? 😉

Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. Lowani muakauntichonde.

Kodi ndi zomveka kupitiriza, kapena...?

• Ndikufuna kupitiriza!

• Wotopetsa ndi banal.

• Palibe chatsopano, koma mwina gawo lachiwiri lidzakhala bwino ...

• Sizimagwira ntchito choncho!

Ogwiritsa 48 adavota. Ogwiritsa ntchito 19 adakana.

Source: www.habr.com