🥇Buku (la Genesis?). Kuganizira za Mtundu wa Kuganiza. Gawo Loyamba

• Kodi kulingalira n'chiyani, chidziwitso?
• Kodi kusiyana pakati pa chidziwitso ndi kuzindikira n'kotani?
• Kuzindikira, kudzidziwa - kodi ndi chinthu chimodzi?
• Ganizo - ganizo ndi chiyani?
• Luso, malingaliro - chinthu chachinsinsi, chobadwa nacho mwa munthu, kapena...
• Momwe maganizo amagwirira ntchito.
• Chilimbikitso, kukhazikitsa zolinga - bwanji kuchita chilichonse.

Luntha lochita kupanga ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa aliyense amene akuchita nawo IT. Ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa automation, programming, ndi mechanical design—chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa chilichonse. Komabe, funso lakuti "Kodi chidziwitso n'chiyani, luntha n'chiyani?" likupitirirabe. Sindikumvetsa kuti anthu ambiri angatsatire bwanji nkhani yomwe palibe tanthauzo lake, koma sindinapeze lingaliro lomwe lingandikhutiritse. Choncho ndinayenera kupanga ndekha.

Chodzikanira: Nkhaniyi siikunena kuti ndi kusintha kwa malingaliro a AI kapena vumbulutso lochokera kumwamba; ndi zotsatira chabe za malingaliro anga pa nkhaniyi, komanso, pang'ono, kudzifufuza. Ndilibe zotsatira zenizeni, kotero malembawo ndi anzeru kuposa aukadaulo.

UPD: Pamene ndinali kukonzekera nkhaniyi, ndinapeza mfundo zingapo zofanana kwambiri (apa, mwachitsanzo,ndipo pa Habr). Kumbali ina, ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti "ndapanganso gudumu." Kumbali ina, sizowopsa kwambiri kugawana malingaliro anga ndi anthu pomwe salinso anga okha!

Chiphunzitso Choyambira

Sindidzalankhula mokweza kapena kufotokoza mwachidule momwe ndinafikira pa mfundo imeneyi (ngakhale mwina ndiyenera kutero). Ndiyamba nthawi yomweyo ndi chinthu chachikulu: njira yofotokozera.

Ndi uyu:

Kuganiza bwino ndi luso la cholengedwa kupanga chitsanzo chokwanira, chokwanira komanso chokhazikika cha zenizeni.

Zachidziwikire, mu mawonekedwe ake enieni, tanthauzo lotereli limabweretsa mafunso ambiri kuposa mayankho: momwe tingamangire, komwe, chiyani, kwenikweni, chomwe "kukwanira" ndi "kukhazikika" zimatanthauza? Ndipo "zenizeni zomwe tapatsidwa mu malingaliro"(c) Lenin ndiye mutu wa mikangano yambiri ya filosofi. Komabe, chiyambi chapangidwa—tili ndi tanthauzo la kulingalira. Tidzapanga, kuwonjezera, ndikukulitsa lingalirolo.

Sindinachitepo kanthu kuti nditchule mawu otchuka okhudza zenizeni: kuti mupange chitsanzo cha chinthu, muyenera "kuchimva". Muyenera kukhala cholengedwa, i.e. kulipo ndipo tili ndi njira zowonera, njira zolowera, masensa—zonsezo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, AI yathu yongoganizira ili m'dziko linalake ndipo imagwirizana ndi dziko limenelo. Mfundo yaikulu ya ndimeyi ndi yakuti n'zopusa kuyembekezera kuti AI ikhale ndi zokambirana zomveka bwino zokhudza mpira ngati ikugwirizana ndi chidziwitso chokhazikika, monga Wikipedia! Komabe, lingaliro ili si latsopano: ngakhale zoyeserera zoyambirira ndi dziko lotsimikizika komanso lomveka bwino zinali zokwanira. zodabwitsaNdipo izi zinali zaka 50 zapitazo, mwa njira!

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chitsanzo chomwe chili chokwanira, chokwanira, komanso chogwirizana. Tanthauzo kuchokera ku Wikipedia Pa siteji iyi, zotsatirazi zidzakhala zoyenera kwa ife: lachitsanzo — ndi dongosolo lomwe kuphunzira kwake kumagwira ntchito ngati njira yopezera chidziwitso chokhudza dongosolo lina. Kapangidwe kake kofunikira sikofunika kwambiri, ngakhale ndili ndi malingaliro ena pankhaniyi. Chofunika ndichakuti, kutengera deta yomwe ilipo ("kuzindikira zenizeni"), malingaliro amapanga lingaliro losamveka bwino la "momwe zinthu zililidi."

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kukwanira ya chitsanzo ichi. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti izi ndi zoona onse: chidziwitso chilichonse chimalembedwa mwanjira inayake mu chitsanzo cha dziko lonse lapansi cha zenizeni, kapena mosadziwa!.. Kapena m'malo mwake, wina anganene kuti uku ndiye kusiyana kochepa pakati pa chidziwitso chosavuta (chidziwitso) ndi kuzindikira (malo osadziwika bwino mkati mwa chitsanzo). Mutha kuloweza lembalo pa Chitchainizi, mutha kupeza chidutswa chogwirizana kutengera mapangidwe omwe mwapatsidwa... Heck, ngati mukufuna, tikhoza kukuphunzitsani machenjerero ena—aku China adzadabwa! Koma zonsezi sizikugwirizana ndi zochita zanzeru za mtundu woyamba.

Kukwanira sikutanthauza tsatanetsatane wokwanira. Cholakwika cha anthu omwe anayesa pitani mbali iyi (kupanga maziko a chidziwitso chokwanira, pamtengo wokwera mtengo kwambiri wa ndalama) pofuna kufotokoza chilichonse nthawi imodzi. Chitsanzo chosavuta cha chilichonse: <Zonse>Liwu limodzi lokha limatanthauza kufotokoza kosagawanika, kogwirizana kwa dziko lapansi. Mlingo wotsatira wofotokozera zenizeni:<chinachake>, )=<Zonse>Ndiko kuti, pali china chake ndi china chilichonse kupatula ichi. Ndipo pamodzi ndi zonse.

Poyamba mwana wakhanda saona chilichonse. Kuwala ndi mthunzi. Pang'onopang'ono, amayamba kuzindikira malo ena amdima kumbuyo kowala ndi <chinachake>Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo chinthu choyamba ichi cha chitsanzo chikaonekera, zina zitatu zimawonekera: <malo>, <nthawi> ndi lingaliro <mayendedwe> — kusintha kwa malo (kukula?) mumlengalenga pakapita nthawi. Lingaliro la kutambasula limapezeka mwachangu. <kukhalapo> — panalibe chilichonse, kenako china chake chinaonekera, chinalipo ndipo pamapeto pake chinasowa (<kubadwa> и <imfa>?). Tili ndi chitsanzo chosavuta kwambiri mpaka pano, koma chili kale ndi zambiri: kukhalapo ndi kusakhalapo, chiyambi ndi mapeto, kuyenda, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, chimaphatikizapobe kuzindikira konse komwe kungatheke m'maganizo. Ndi kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa dziko lozungulira.

Mwa njira, funso: kodi tingafotokoze bwanji dziko lotizungulira pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo izi zokha (zinthu, malo, nthawi, kuyenda, chiyambi ndi mapeto)? 😉

Pamene malingaliro a mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ayamba, chiwerengero cha zinthu zomwe zili mu chitsanzocho chimawonjezeka. Mphamvu zina zimapereka malo oti pakhale kulumikizana kogwirizana. Ndipo ma reflexes osakhazikika omwe amamangidwa mkati mwake amapanga ntchito yowunikira: malingaliro ena amapanga chitsanzo chomwe mtsogolomu chidzakhala ndi zenizeni zoyesedwa bwino (zokoma, zofunda, zosangalatsa), pomwe zina zimatiopseza (nthawi yomaliza inali yoipa). Apanso, njira zosakhazikika zimatikakamiza kuti tichitepo kanthu pa zenizeni "zabwino" (kumwetulira, kusangalala) ndi molakwika pa zenizeni zoyipa (kulira!).

Ndipo kenako zimawonekera NdemangaKapena mwina zimawonekera kale, pamene ma reflexes osakhazikika amagwira ntchito motsatira pulogalamu ya "kutsata zinthu" ndikulola chinthucho kukhalabe chowoneka kwa nthawi yayitali momwe zingathere... Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri: malingaliro samangopanga chitsanzo cha zenizeni, komanso ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito mkati mwake!

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakukonza chitsanzo ndi luso lopanga malingaliro ndikuwayesa. Maziko a kuyesa ndi kuzindikira dziko lapansi mwachidwi. Mosiyana ndi kuzindikira kosavuta (kuganizira), kuyesa malingaliro ena kumafuna kupeza chidziwitso mwadala. Iyi ndi njira kuzindikiraMumafunsa dziko lonse funso - limayankha ... mwanjira ina.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti maganizo okha ndi omwe amangopanga chitsanzo. Kugwirizana mkati mwake ndipo kokwanira ku zenizeni.

Zokwanira — zikutanthauza kuti zikugwirizana ndi zenizeni. Ngati deta yomwe ikubwera sikugwirizana ndi chitsanzocho, chitsanzocho chimafuna kusinthidwa. Koma nthawi zina izi zimafuna kusinthidwa kwambiri, ndipo mbali zina za chitsanzocho zimatha kutsutsana kwakanthawi ndi zina, zomwe zimayambitsa kusagwirizana. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kusagwirizana koteroko kumayambitsa kuzungulira kwatsopano. kuwunikira - iyi ndi njira yomwe imagwira ntchito kuchotsa zotsutsanaNdiko kuti, chikhumbo cha kukwanira, kukwanira, ndi kusasinthasintha kwa chitsanzocho ndi ntchito zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwira kulingalira.

Kusintha chitsanzo, kuchikonza ndiye mfundo yaikulu zochita zamaganizoKonzani chitsanzocho ngati pakufunika kutero, ndipo fotokozani zonse ngati zingatheke. Chitsanzo: apulo ndi mpira zili ndi mawonekedwe/mtundu wofanana ndipo, mpaka nthawi inayake, zimazindikirika ngati lingaliro lomwelo. Komabe, apulo ndi chakudya, pomwe mpira sungadyeke—izi ndi zinthu zosiyana, ndipo gawo liyenera kulowetsedwa mu chitsanzocho kuti lizisiyanitse panthawi yogawa (kusiyana kwa kugwira, mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, mwina ngakhale fungo). Kumbali ina, apulo ndi nthochi zili ndi mawonekedwe osiyana kwambiri akunja, koma n'zoonekeratu kuti payenera kukhala njira yopezera chinthu chogwirizanitsa pakati pawo, popeza njira zingapo zodziwika bwino (kudya) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo.

Ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse lingaliro, kaya chifukwa cha kugwirizana, mphamvu yakunja, kapena choyambitsa chamkati chothetsa zotsutsana, ndiye izi ndi izi:

kapena kuyesa kugawa ndikuyika chidziwitso chatsopano mu chitsanzo,
kapena kuyerekezera kwenikweni kwa gawo lina la chitsanzo chachikulu (ngati cha m'mbuyomu, ndiye kuti kukumbukira, ngati kuchokera mtsogolo, ndiye kuneneratu kapena kukonzekera, n'zotheka kufunafuna ubale womwe mukufuna, monga yankho la funso ),
kapena kufufuza ndi kuchotsa zotsutsana (tsatanetsatane/kuphwanya, обобщение, kukonzanso etc.).

Ndikuganiza kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala njira imodzi, yomwe ndi kuganiza.

Koma si chitsanzo chokha chomwe chingasinthidwe. Maganizo ndi gawo la dziko lapansi ndipo ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito mkati mwake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kuyambitsa/kutenga nawo mbali mu njira zomwe zingapangitse dziko lapansi kukhala logwirizana ndi chitsanzocho. Choyamba, pali chitsanzo cha dziko lapansi kumene, mwachizolowezi, "zonse zili bwino," ndipo mkati mwa chitsanzochi, maganizo amatenga njira zina kuti akwaniritse momwe dongosololi likufunira. Mwa kuchita mogwirizana ndi chitsanzocho ndikukhala ndi chitsanzo chokwanira, maganizo adzakwaniritsa kufanana. Izi zochita и zolimbikitsa kuchitapo kanthu.

Ngati tikukamba za maliza Chitsanzo cha dziko lapansi chiyenera kuphatikizapo wopanga chitsanzo mwiniwakeyo. Kudziwa luso la munthu kumvetsetsa ndikusintha dziko, komanso kuwunika njira zosiyanasiyana za chitsanzo ngati zabwino kapena zoipa, kumapereka chilimbikitso ndi chilimbikitso chochitapo kanthu.

Kudziphatikiza mu chitsanzo chomaliza ndi kudzidziwa, kapena, mwa kuyankhula kwina, kudzidziwa.

lachitsanzo osati yokhazikikaZimakhalapo nthawi zonse, ndi "tsopano" ndipo, motero, zakale ndi zamtsogolo. Ubale pakati pa chifukwa ndi zotsatira, kuzindikira njira osati zinthu, ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa "kukwanira" kwa chitsanzo. Nkhani yosiyana yokhudza kuzindikira njira ndi yofunika ngati anthu ammudzi ali ndi chidwi. 😉 Ndiloleni ndinene nthawi yomweyo kuti ngati lemba ili likuwoneka lopanda pake komanso lovuta, ndiloipa kwambiri!

Maganizo mokweza

Maganizo pa mutu womwe unabwera m'maganizo mwanga pambuyo pake, kapena omwe sindinathe kuwamvetsa bwino m'nkhani yayikulu ... Monga momwe zimakhalira pambuyo pa mbiri! ))

Kudziphatikiza mu chitsanzochi kumatanthauza kubwerezabwereza. Koma ndife akatswiri a IT, tikudziwa tanthauzo lake! Ndi zoona kuti kwinakwake mkati mwa chitsanzo cha chilengedwe chonse muli chitsanzo cha chilengedwe chomwe chimapanga lingaliro la OGVM ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa munthu! Zikuoneka kuti aliyense wa ife ndi dziko lonse lapansi.
M'malo mwake, kuchita zonsezi m'machitidwe kudzakhala ntchito yosafunika kwenikweni! "Chitsanzo" ndi lingaliro lofala kwambiri, ndipo chitsanzo choterechi chiyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta, kapena zosatheka, kuzitsatira (nthawi zina ndimamva ngati zonse zomwe ndafotokoza pano ndi zazing'ono; aliyense adadutsa kale izi m'zaka za m'ma 80 ndipo adatsimikiza kuti sizingatheke). Mwachitsanzo, chitsanzocho chiyenera kukhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu, kusinthasintha kwamitundu yambiri, komanso kusinthasintha, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zinthu za quantum physics (kuti "kukhala m'maboma angapo nthawi imodzi").
Ndizoseketsa kuti pali tsankho pakati pa anthu pomwe, m'malo mochita zinthu zenizeni kuti agwirizane ndi chitsanzocho, amangokonzekera zochitika zomwe sangathe kuzilamulira—kuti zidzayenda bwino... Anthu ngati amenewo amanenedwa kuti ndi olota ndipo amamanga nyumba zachifumu mlengalenga... Zosangalatsa, m'malingaliro, sichoncho?
Mofananamo, zitsanzo za anthu padziko lapansi nthawi zambiri zimatha kusiyana kwambiri ndi zenizeni.
Makhalidwe apadera aumunthu (omwe nthawi zambiri amaonedwa kuti ndi osatheka kwa makina) monga luso ndi malingaliro amafotokozedwa mosavuta mkati mwa mutu uwu: malingaliro ndi omveka—amangoyendetsa chitsanzo kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingatheke, koma luso ndi losangalatsa kwambiri! Ndikukhulupirira kuti njira yolenga ndi kuyesa kujambula gawo la chitsanzo cha munthu mu mawonekedwe enaake ogwirika, ndi cholinga chochipereka kwa munthu wina wozindikira kapena kupeza luso lomvetsetsa bwino zomwe zikupangidwa (pambuyo pake, mphamvu za ubongo pankhaniyi ndi zochepera).
Osati nkhani yeniyeni, koma akadali pa mutu: amatsenga ndi asodzi. Makhadi a Tarot, ma rune, ndi mitundu ina ya kulosera zamtsogolo pogwiritsa ntchito nthaka ya khofi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti oyambitsa munda uwu adagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe awa kuti aone/awonetse mwathupi zitsanzo zomwe anali nazo m'mutu mwawo. Izi zidawapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kugwira ntchito nazo. Ndipo kakonzedwe kawo ka malo kanali kosachitika mwachisawawa. Kungoti anthu osadziwa zambiri sanamvetse tanthauzo la njirayi ndipo ankaganiza kuti olosera zamtsogolo anali kulankhulana ndi mizimu kudzera mu zinthu zamatsengazi. Ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi, olosera zamtsogolo okhawo anakhala osaphunzira kwambiri ndipo anataya luso lawo loyambirira lofufuza.
Kawirikawiri, ndikukhulupirira kuti, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa njira zophatikizira ndi kugawa, komanso kufunafuna mapangidwe, chidziwitso chiyenera kuyesetsa kubweretsa dongosolo padziko lapansi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, chinthu chokhala ndi kapangidwe ka mkati chiyenera kuonedwa bwino kuposa chinthu chosokonezeka komanso chosayembekezereka—chinthu chomwe sichikugwirizana ndi chitsanzo. Ndikuvomereza kwathunthu kuti lingaliro la kukongola, mgwirizano—lingaliro la kukongola—ndi zotsatira za chilakolako ichi (ponena za ntchito yaluso). Komanso, dongosolo likhoza kukhala lovuta kwambiri—osati kwenikweni kyubiki, koma mwina fractal. Ndipo msinkhu wa nzeru ukakwera, magulu ovuta kwambiri a kapangidwe omwe munthu angamvetse.
Ena angatsutse, nati, "Nanga bwanji za kukongola kwa chilengedwe chakuthengo," anthu, nyama, ndi zina zotero? Chabwino, nkhani yofunika kwambiri ndi yoyenera/yogwirizana/yowona—zonsezo. Malingaliro a anthu ena nthawi zambiri amakhala ozikidwa pa chibadwa chobisika.
Komabe, wolembayo amaika uthenga mu ntchito yawo. Ndiko kuti, ndi gawo la chitsanzo chawo. Mwachionekere, iwo omwe amawona mwachindunji ntchito yawo angakumane ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana: kuyambira "siinali kudina," pamene sangathe kuphatikiza chitsanzo cha wolembayo kukhala chawo, mpaka ku catharsis, kuzindikira, ndi zina zotero—pamene sichinangokhala "kudina" ndi "kuyenerera," komanso "kuyika chilichonse pamalo pake."
Mwa njira, nkhaniyi ndi ntchito ya zaluso... Kodi mwaikonda? 😉

Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. Lowani muakauntichonde.