Odzipereka kwa oyang'anira polojekiti (ndi iwo omwe amalota kukhala mabwana).
Kulemba matani a code ndikovuta, koma kuyang'anira anthu ndikovuta kwambiri! Kotero mukungofunika bukhuli kuti mudziwe momwe mungachitire zonsezi.
Kodi ndizotheka kuphatikiza nkhani zoseketsa ndi maphunziro akulu? Michael Lopp (womwe amadziwikanso kuti ma Rands) adakwanitsa. Mupeza nkhani zopeka za anthu ongopeka omwe ali ndi zopindulitsa kwambiri (ngakhale zopeka). Umu ndi momwe Rands amagawana zokumana nazo zake zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina zachilendo zomwe adapeza pazaka zambiri akugwira ntchito m'makampani akuluakulu a IT: Apple, Pinterest, Palantir, Netscape, Symantec, ndi zina zambiri.
Kodi ndinu woyang'anira polojekiti? Kapena mukufuna kumvetsetsa zomwe bwana wanu wamkulu amachita tsiku lonse? Ma Rands akuphunzitsani momwe mungapulumukire mu Toxic World of Inflated Turkeys ndikuchita bwino mumisala wamba ya anthu osachita bwino. M'dera lachilendo ili la maniacal brainiacs palinso zolengedwa zachilendo - mameneja omwe, kudzera mwamwambo wodabwitsa wa bungwe, adapeza mphamvu pamalingaliro, malingaliro ndi maakaunti aku banki a anthu ambiri.
Bukuli silinafanane ndi kasamalidwe kalikonse kapena zolembedwa pamanja za utsogoleri. Michael Lopp samabisa kalikonse, amangonena monga momwe zilili (mwinamwake si nkhani zonse ziyenera kufotokozedwa poyera: P). Koma ndi njira iyi yokha yomwe mungamvetsetse momwe mungapulumukire ndi bwana wotere, momwe mungasamalire ma geek ndi nerds, ndi momwe mungabweretsere "ntchito yowopsya" kuti ikhale yosangalatsa!
Kadule. Maganizo a uinjiniya
Malingaliro pa: Kodi Muyenera Kupitiliza Kulemba Khodi?
Buku la Rands pa malamulo a mamanenjala lili ndi mndandanda waufupi kwambiri wamamanejala amakono "must-dos." Laconicism ya mndandandawu imachokera ku mfundo yakuti "ayenera" ndi mtundu wa mtheradi, ndipo ponena za anthu, pali malingaliro ochepa kwambiri. Njira yoyendetsera bwino kwa wogwira ntchito m'modzi idzakhala tsoka lenileni kwa wina. Lingaliro ili ndiye chinthu choyamba pamndandanda wa "zoyenera kuchita" za manejala:
Khalani osinthika!
Kuganiza kuti mukudziwa kale zonse ndi lingaliro loipa kwambiri. Munthawi yomwe mfundo yokhayo yokhazikika ndikuti dziko likusintha nthawi zonse, kusinthasintha kumakhala malo olondola okha.
Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, chinthu chachiwiri pamndandandawu ndi chosasinthika modabwitsa. Komabe, mfundo iyi ndimakonda kwambiri chifukwa ndimakhulupirira kuti imathandiza kupanga maziko a kukula kwa utsogoleri. Ndime iyi ikuti:
Lekani kulemba khodi!
Mwachidziwitso, ngati mukufuna kukhala manejala, muyenera kuphunzira kudalira omwe amakugwirirani ntchito ndikupereka zolemba zonse kwa iwo. Malangizowa nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kugayidwa, makamaka kwa oyang'anira omwe angopanga kumene. Mwinamwake chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe adakhalira oyang'anira ndi chifukwa cha zokolola zawo pachitukuko, ndipo zinthu zikasokonekera, zomwe amachita poyamba ndikubwerera ku luso lomwe ali ndi chidaliro chonse, lomwe ndilo luso lawo lolemba code.
Ndikaona kuti manijala wongopangidwa kumene “akumira” m’kulembako, ndimamuuza kuti: “Tikudziwa kuti mukhoza kulemba khodi. Funso ndilakuti: mungatsogolere? Simulinso ndi udindo wanu nokha, muli ndi udindo wa gulu lonse; ndipo ndikufuna kuwonetsetsa kuti mutha kupeza gulu lanu kuthana ndi mavuto paokha, popanda kulemba nokha code. Ntchito yanu ndikuzindikira momwe mungadzikulire nokha. Sindikufuna kuti ukhale m'modzi, ndikufuna pakhale ambiri onga iwe."
Malangizo abwino, sichoncho? Sikelo. Utsogoleri. Udindo. Izi wamba buzzwords. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti malangizowo ndi olakwika.
Zolakwika?
Inde. Malangizowo ndi olakwika! Osati kulakwa kotheratu, koma kulakwa kotero kuti ndinaitana anzanga akale ndi kuwapepesa: “Mukukumbukira mawu anga omwe ndimawakonda aja amomwe muyenera kusiya kulemba ma code? Ndi zolakwika! Inde... Yambitsaninso mapulogalamu. Yambani ndi Python ndi Ruby. Inde, ndikutsimikiza! Ntchito yanu imadalira izi! "
Pamene ndinayamba ntchito yanga monga wopanga mapulogalamu ku Borland, ndinagwira ntchito pa gulu la Paradox Windows, lomwe linali gulu lalikulu. Panali opanga mapulogalamu 13 okha. Ngati muwonjeza anthu ochokera m'magulu ena omwe amagwiranso ntchito paukadaulo wofunikira wa polojekitiyi, monga injiniya wa database ndi ntchito zazikuluzikulu zogwiritsira ntchito, muli ndi mainjiniya 50 omwe akutenga nawo mbali pakupanga izi.
Palibe timu ina yomwe ndidagwirapo ntchito yomwe imafika pamlingo wotere. Ndipotu chaka chilichonse, chiwerengero cha anthu a m’gulu limene ndimagwira nawo ntchito chikucheperachepera. Chikuchitika ndi chiani? Kodi ndife omanga pamodzi tikukhala anzeru ndi anzeru? Ayi, tikungogawana katunduyo.
Kodi opanga zinthu akhala akuchita chiyani kwa zaka 20 zapitazi? Pa nthawiyi tinalemba shitload code. Sea of kodi! Tidalemba ma code ambiri kotero kuti tidaganiza kuti zingakhale bwino kufewetsa chilichonse ndikupita poyera.
Mwamwayi, chifukwa cha intaneti, njirayi tsopano yakhala yosavuta momwe mungathere. Ngati ndinu wopanga mapulogalamu, mutha kuyang'ana pakali pano! Sakani dzina lanu pa Google kapena Github ndipo muwona kachidindo komwe mwaiwala kwanthawi yayitali, koma kuti aliyense angapeze. Zowopsa, chabwino? Kodi simumadziwa kuti malamulo amakhala kwamuyaya? Inde, ali ndi moyo kosatha.
Khodiyo imakhala kwamuyaya. Ndipo code yabwino sikuti imakhala kwamuyaya, imakula chifukwa iwo omwe amawayamikira nthawi zonse amaonetsetsa kuti imakhala yatsopano. Mulu uwu wa kachidindo kapamwamba kwambiri, kasamalidwe kabwino kamathandizira kuchepetsa kukula kwa gulu la uinjiniya chifukwa amatilola kuyang'ana pa code yomwe ilipo m'malo molemba kachidindo katsopano, ndikupangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ichitike ndi anthu ochepa komanso munthawi yochepa.
Lingaliro ili likuwoneka ngati lokhumudwitsa, koma lingaliro ndilakuti tonse ndife gulu lophatikizana la automata pogwiritsa ntchito tepi yolumikizira zinthu zomwe zidalipo palimodzi kuti tipange mtundu wosiyana pang'ono wa chinthu chomwecho. Uwu ndi lingaliro lachikale pakati pa oyang'anira akuluakulu omwe amakonda kugulitsa ntchito kunja. "Aliyense amene amadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito Google ndipo ali ndi tepi yolumikizira atha kuchita izi! Ndiye n’chifukwa chiyani tikulipira ndalama zambiri pamakina athu?”
Timalipira anyamata otsogolera awa ndalama zazikulu, koma amaganiza zopanda pake. Apanso, mfundo yanga yofunika ndi yakuti pali ambiri opanga anzeru komanso olimbikira kwambiri padziko lapansi; alidi anzeru ndi akhama, ngakhale kuti sanathe mphindi imodzi atakhala m'mayunivesite ovomerezeka. O inde, tsopano pali ochulukirapo a iwo!
Sindikunena kuti muyambe kuda nkhawa ndi malo anu chifukwa choti anzanu ena anzeru amawasaka. Ndikupangira kuti muyambe kuda nkhawa chifukwa kusinthika kwa mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu mwina kukuyenda mofulumira kuposa momwe muliri. Mwakhala mukugwira ntchito kwa zaka khumi, zisanu mwa iwo monga manejala, ndipo mukuganiza kuti: "Ndikudziwa kale momwe mapulogalamu amapangidwira." Inde, mukudziwa. Bye...
Lekani kulemba khodi, koma...
Ngati mutsatira malangizo anga oyambirira ndikusiya kulemba code, mudzasiyanso modzifunira kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga. Ichi ndichifukwa chake sindigwiritsa ntchito mwachangu ntchito zakunja. Automata samalenga, amapanga. Njira zopangidwira bwino zimapulumutsa ndalama zambiri, koma sizibweretsa chilichonse chatsopano padziko lapansi.
Ngati muli ndi gulu laling'ono lomwe likuchita zambiri ndi ndalama zochepa, ndiye kuti lingaliro loyimitsa zolemba likuwoneka ngati chisankho cholakwika kwa ine. Ngakhale m'makampani a monster omwe ali ndi malamulo osatha, njira ndi ndondomeko, mulibe ufulu woyiwala momwe mungapangire mapulogalamu nokha. Ndipo chitukuko cha mapulogalamu chimasintha nthawi zonse. Zikusintha pakali pano. Pansi pa mapazi anu! Nthawi yomweyo yachiwiri!
Muli ndi zotsutsa. Zindikirani. Tiyeni timvetsere.
“Rands, ndikupita kumpando wa director! Ndikapitiriza kulemba ma code, palibe amene angakhulupirire kuti ndikhoza kukula.”
Ndikufuna ndikufunseni izi: popeza mudakhala pampando wanu "Ndatsala pang'ono kukhala CEO!", kodi mwawona kuti mawonekedwe a mapulogalamu akusintha, ngakhale mkati mwa kampani yanu? Ngati yankho lanu ndi inde, ndikufunsani funso lina: Kodi ndendende zikusintha bwanji ndipo mutani pakusintha kumeneku? Ngati mwayankha "ayi" ku funso langa loyamba, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamukira ku mpando wina, chifukwa (ine kubetcherana!) Mukula bwanji ngati muiwala pang'onopang'ono koma motsimikiza kupanga mapulogalamu?
Langizo langa ndikuti musadzipereke kugwiritsa ntchito matani azinthu pazotsatira zanu. Muyenera kuchitapo kanthu nthawi zonse kuti mukhale pamwamba pa momwe gulu lanu likupangira mapulogalamu. Mutha kuchita izi ngati director komanso ngati wachiwiri kwa purezidenti. Chinachake?
"Pa, Rands! Koma wina ayenera kukhala woweruza! Winawake ayenera kuwona chithunzi chachikulu. Ndikalemba khodi, nditaya chidwi."
Uyenerabe kukhala woweruza, uyenerabe kuulutsa zigamulozo, ndipo umayenera kuyendabe kuzungulira nyumbayo kanayi Lolemba lililonse m'mawa ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri anu kuti amvetsere mlungu uliwonse "Tonse tawonongedwa" kwa 30. miniti.! Koma kupitilira zonsezo, muyenera kukhala ndi malingaliro a uinjiniya, ndipo simuyenera kukhala katswiri wanthawi zonse kuti muchite zimenezo.
Malangizo anga oti ndikhalebe ndi malingaliro a uinjiniya:
- Gwiritsani ntchito malo otukuka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuzolowera zida za gulu lanu, kuphatikiza makina opangira ma code, kuwongolera mitundu, ndi chilankhulo chokonzera. Zotsatira zake, mudzakhala odziwa bwino chilankhulo chomwe gulu lanu limagwiritsa ntchito polankhula za chitukuko cha malonda. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mupitirize kugwiritsa ntchito mkonzi wamawu womwe mumakonda, womwe ukuyenda bwino.
- Muyenera kujambula chithunzi chatsatanetsatane chofotokozera zamalonda anu pamalo aliwonse nthawi iliyonse. Tsopano sindikutanthauza mtundu wosavuta wokhala ndi ma cell atatu ndi mivi iwiri. Muyenera kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane chithunzi cha mankhwala. Chovuta kwambiri. Osati chithunzi chilichonse chokongola, koma chithunzi chomwe ndi chovuta kufotokoza. Ayenera kukhala mapu oyenera kumvetsetsa bwino za malonda. Zimasintha nthawi zonse, ndipo nthawi zonse muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake kusintha kwina kunachitika.
- Yang'anirani kukhazikitsidwa kwa imodzi mwa ntchitozo. Ndikamalemba izi, ndimakhala wopambana chifukwa mfundoyi ili ndi zoopsa zambiri zobisika, koma sindikutsimikiza kuti mutha kukwaniritsa mfundo #1 ndi mfundo #2 popanda kuchita chilichonse. Pokhazikitsa chimodzi mwazinthuzo nokha, osati kuti mutenge nawo mbali pazachitukuko, zidzakulolani kuti musinthe nthawi ndi nthawi kuchoka pa udindo wa "Manager woyang'anira chirichonse" kukhala "Munthu woyang'anira ntchito imodzi. za ntchito.” Kudzichepetsa ndi kudzikuza kumeneku kudzakukumbutsani kufunika kwa zosankha zazing’ono.
- Ndakali kugwedezeka monse. Zikuoneka kuti wina akundikalipila kale kuti: “Manijala amene anadzitengera yekha kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchitoyi?! (Ndipo ndikuvomerezana naye!) Inde, inu mukadali manejala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti iyenera kukhala ntchito yaying'ono, chabwino? Inde, mudakali ndi zambiri zoti muchite. Ngati simungathe kugwira ntchitoyo, ndiye kuti ndili ndi upangiri wocheperako: konzani zolakwika. Pankhaniyi, simudzamva chisangalalo cha chilengedwe, koma mudzakhala ndi chidziwitso cha momwe mankhwalawa amapangidwira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti simudzasiyidwa ntchito.
- Lembani mayeso a mayunitsi. Ndimachitabe izi mochedwa nthawi yopangira zinthu pamene anthu amayamba kupenga. Ganizirani izi ngati ndandanda yaumoyo wamankhwala anu. Chitani izi pafupipafupi.
Kutsutsa kachiwiri?
"Rands, ndikalemba code, ndisokoneza timu yanga. Sandidziwa kuti ndine ndani—manijala kapena wopanga zinthu.”
Хорошо.
Inde, ndinati, "Chabwino!" Ndine wokondwa kuti mukuganiza kuti mutha kusokoneza gulu lanu pongosambira mu dziwe lachitukuko. Ndi zophweka: malire pakati pa maudindo osiyanasiyana pakupanga mapulogalamu pakali pano sawoneka bwino. Anyamata a UI amachita zomwe zitha kutchedwa JavaScript ndi CSS programming. Madivelopa akuphunzira zambiri za kapangidwe ka ogwiritsa ntchito. Anthu amalankhulana wina ndi mnzake ndikuphunzira za nsikidzi, kuba kwa ma code a anthu ena, komanso kuti palibe chifukwa chomveka choti manejala asatenge nawo gawo pazambiri zazikuluzikulu zapadziko lonse lapansi, zofalitsa mungu.
Kupatula apo, kodi mukufuna kukhala m'gulu lomwe lili ndi zida zosinthika mosavuta? Izi sizingopangitsa gulu lanu kukhala lolimba, zipatsa membala aliyense mgulu mwayi wowona zomwe zili ndi kampaniyo mosiyanasiyana. Kodi mungatani kuti mulemekeze Frank, munthu wodekha yemwe amayang'anira zomanga, kuposa momwe adawonera kukongola kwa zolemba zake zomanga?
Sindikufuna kuti gulu lanu lisokonezeke komanso lisokonezeke. M'malo mwake, ndikufuna kuti gulu lanu lilankhule bwino. Ndikukhulupirira kuti ngati mutenga nawo gawo popanga malonda ndikugwira ntchito pazinthu, mudzakhala pafupi ndi gulu lanu. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, mudzakhala pafupi ndi kusintha kosalekeza pakupanga mapulogalamu mkati mwa bungwe lanu.
Osasiya kukula
Mnzanga wina ku Borland nthawi ina anandilankhula mwamawu pomutcha kuti "coder."
"Rands, coder ndi makina opanda nzeru! Nyani! Wolemba coder samachita chilichonse chofunikira kupatula kulemba mizere yotopetsa yamakhodi opanda pake. Sindine wolemba, ndine wopanga mapulogalamu! "
Anali wolondola, akadadana ndi upangiri wanga woyamba kwa ma CEO atsopano: "Lekani kulemba code!" Osati chifukwa ndikunena kuti iwo ndi ma coders, koma makamaka chifukwa ine proactively akusonyeza kuti ayambe kunyalanyaza mbali yofunika kwambiri ya ntchito yawo: mapulogalamu chitukuko.
Ndiye ndasintha malangizo anga. Ngati mukufuna kukhala mtsogoleri wabwino, mutha kusiya kulemba ma code, koma ...
Khalani wololera. Kumbukirani zomwe zikutanthauza kukhala injiniya ndipo musasiye kupanga mapulogalamu.
Za wolemba
Michael Lopp ndi wopanga mapulogalamu wakale yemwe sanachoke ku Silicon Valley. Pazaka zapitazi za 20, Michael wakhala akugwira ntchito kumakampani osiyanasiyana opanga zinthu, kuphatikizapo Apple, Netscape, Symantec, Borland, Palantir, Pinterest, komanso adagwira nawo ntchito yoyambira yomwe idayandama pang'onopang'ono mpaka kuiwalika.
Kunja kwa ntchito, Michael amayendetsa blog yotchuka yokhudzana ndi teknoloji ndi kasamalidwe pansi pa pseudonym Rands, kumene amakambitsirana malingaliro mu gawo la kasamalidwe ndi owerenga, akuwonetsa nkhawa za kufunikira kosalekeza kusunga chala chake pamphuno, ndipo akufotokoza kuti, ngakhale mphotho zowolowa manja popanga chinthu, kupambana kwanu kumatheka chifukwa cha gulu lanu. Mabulogu akupezeka pano .
Michael amakhala ndi banja lake ku Redwood, California. Nthawi zonse amapeza nthawi yokwera njinga yamapiri, kusewera hockey ndi kumwa vinyo wofiira, monga kukhala wathanzi n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa kukhala wotanganidwa.
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