Kwa zaka zopitirira chaka chimodzi ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito pa buku lakuti "Kupanga Mapangano Anzeru a Solidity kwa Ethereum Blockchain. Practical Guide", ndipo tsopano ntchito imeneyi yatha, ndi buku .
Ndikukhulupirira kuti buku langa likuthandizani kuti muyambe kupanga olumikizana anzeru a Solidity ndikugawa ma DApps a Ethereum blockchain. Lili ndi maphunziro 12 okhala ndi ntchito zothandiza. Atawamaliza, owerenga adzatha kupanga mfundo zawo za Ethereum, kufalitsa mapangano anzeru ndikuyitanitsa njira zawo, kusinthanitsa deta pakati pa dziko lenileni ndi mapangano anzeru pogwiritsa ntchito maulalo, ndikugwira ntchito ndi Rinkeby test debug network.
Bukuli limaperekedwa kwa aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ndi matekinoloje apamwamba m'munda wa blockchain ndipo akufuna kupeza chidziwitso chomwe chidzawathandize kuchita ntchito yosangalatsa komanso yodalirika.
Pansipa mupeza mndandanda wazomwe zili mkati ndi mutu woyamba wa bukhu (komanso zidutswa za bukhuli zilipo). Ndikuyembekeza kulandira ndemanga, ndemanga ndi malingaliro. Ndiyesetsa kuganizira zonsezi pokonzekera kope lotsatira la bukhuli.
ZamkatimuMau oyambaBukhu lathu lapangidwira iwo omwe safuna kuti amvetse mfundo za Ethereum blockchain, komanso kupeza luso lothandizira pakupanga ma DApps ogawidwa mu chinenero cha pulogalamu ya Solidity pa intaneti iyi.
Ndi bwino osati kungowerenga bukhuli, koma kugwira nawo ntchito, kuchita ntchito zothandiza zomwe zafotokozedwa m'maphunziro. Kuti mugwire ntchito, mufunika kompyuta yam'deralo, seva yeniyeni kapena yamtambo yokhala ndi Debian kapena Ubuntu OS yoyikidwa. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito Raspberry Pi kuchita ntchito zambiri.
Pa phunziro loyamba Tidzawona mfundo zoyendetsera ntchito za blockchain ya Ethereum ndi mawu ofunikira, komanso tidzakambirana za komwe blockchain iyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Cholinga phunziro lachiwiri - pangani node yachinsinsi ya Ethereum blockchain kuti mupitirize kugwira ntchito mkati mwa maphunzirowa pa seva ya Ubuntu ndi Debian. Tidzayang'ana mawonekedwe oyika zofunikira, monga geth, zomwe zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa node yathu ya blockchain, komanso daemon yosungiramo deta yosungidwa.
Phunziro lachitatu idzakuphunzitsani momwe mungayesere Ethereum pa Raspberry Pi microcomputer yotsika mtengo. Mudzayika pulogalamu ya Rasberian (OS) pa Raspberry Pi, Geth utility yomwe imapatsa mphamvu blockchain node, ndi Swarm decentralized data storage daemon.
Phunziro lachinayi imaperekedwa ku akaunti ndi mayunitsi a cryptocurrency pa intaneti ya Ethereum, komanso njira zotumizira ndalama kuchokera ku akaunti imodzi kupita ku ina kuchokera ku Geth console. Muphunzira kupanga maakaunti, kuyambitsa zosinthana ndi thumba, ndikupeza momwe mungapangire akaunti ndi risiti.
Mu phunziro lachisanu Mudzadziwana ndi mapangano anzeru pa intaneti ya Ethereum ndikuphunzira za kuphedwa kwawo ndi makina enieni a Ethereum.
Mudzapanga ndikusindikiza mgwirizano wanu woyamba wanzeru pa intaneti yachinsinsi ya Ethereum ndikuphunzira momwe mungatchulire ntchito zake. Kuti muchite izi, mudzagwiritsa ntchito Remix Solidity IDE. Muphunziranso kukhazikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito solc batch compiler.
Tikambirananso za zomwe zimatchedwa Application Binary Interface (ABI) ndikuphunzitsani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.
Phunziro lachisanu ndi chimodzi imaperekedwa kuti ipange zolemba za JavaScript zomwe zikuyenda ndi Node.js ndikuchita ntchito ndi ma contract anzeru a Solidity.
Mudzayika Node.js pa Ubuntu, Debian ndi Rasberian OS, lembani zolemba kuti musindikize mgwirizano wanzeru pa intaneti ya Ethereum ndikuyitana ntchito zake.
Kuphatikiza apo, muphunzira momwe mungasamutsire ndalama pakati pa maakaunti okhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba, komanso kubweza ku maakaunti anzeru.
Mu phunziro lachisanu ndi chiwiri Muphunzira kukhazikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chimango cha Truffle, chodziwika bwino pakati pa opanga ma contract anzeru a Solidity. Muphunzira kupanga zolemba za JavaScript zomwe zimatcha ntchito za mgwirizano pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la truffle-contract, ndikuyesa mgwirizano wanu wanzeru pogwiritsa ntchito Truffle.
Phunziro lachisanu ndi chitatu odzipereka ku mitundu ya data ya Solidity. Mudzalemba mapangano anzeru omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mitundu ya data monga manambala osainidwa ndi osasainidwa, manambala osainidwa, zingwe, ma adilesi, zosinthika zovuta, masanjidwe, ziwerengero, kapangidwe kake, ndi madikishonale.
Mu phunziro lachisanu ndi chinayi Mukhala sitepe imodzi kuyandikira kupanga makontrakitala anzeru a Ethereum mainnet. Muphunzira kufalitsa mapangano pogwiritsa ntchito Truffle pa network yachinsinsi ya Geth, komanso pa Rinkeby testnet. Kuthetsa mgwirizano wanzeru pa intaneti ya Rinkeby ndizothandiza kwambiri musanazisindikize pa intaneti - pafupifupi chirichonse chiri chenicheni kumeneko, koma kwaulere.
Monga gawo la phunziroli, mupanga node yoyeserera ya Rinkeby, kulipiritsa ndalama, ndikusindikiza mgwirizano wanzeru.
Phunziro 10 odzipereka ku Ethereum Swarm kugawa kusungidwa kwa data. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusungirako kugawidwa, mumasunga posungira deta yambiri pa Ethereum blockchain.
Mu phunziro ili, mupanga malo osungira a Swarm, kulemba ndi kuwerenga ntchito pamafayilo, ndi zolemba zamafayilo. Kenako, muphunzira momwe mungagwirire ndi chipata cha Swarm, lembani zolembedwa kuti mupeze Swarm kuchokera ku Node.js, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito Perl Net ::Ethereum::Swarm module.
Cholinga cha phunziro 11 - katswiri akugwira ntchito ndi Solidity smart contracts pogwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chodziwika bwino cha Python komanso chimango cha Web3.py. Mukhazikitsa chimango, lembani zolembedwa kuti muphatikize ndikusindikiza mgwirizano wanzeru, ndikuyimbira ntchito zake. Pankhaniyi, Web3.py idzagwiritsidwa ntchito payokha komanso mogwirizana ndi Truffle Integrated development environment.
Pa phunziro 12 muphunzira kusamutsa deta pakati anzeru mapangano ndi dziko lenileni ntchito olankhulira. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti mulandire deta kuchokera ku mawebusaiti, zipangizo za IoT, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi masensa, ndikutumiza deta kuchokera ku makontrakitala anzeru kupita ku zipangizozi. Mu gawo lothandizira la phunziroli, mupanga oracle ndi mgwirizano wanzeru womwe umalandira ndalama zosinthira pakati pa USD ndi ma ruble kuchokera patsamba la Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
Phunziro 1. Mwachidule za blockchain ndi intaneti ya EthereumCholinga cha phunziro: dziwani mfundo zoyendetsera Ethereum blockchain, madera ake ogwiritsira ntchito komanso mawu ofunikira.
Ntchito zothandiza: osaphatikizidwa mu phunziro ili.
Pali nkomwe wopanga mapulogalamu lero amene sanamvepo kalikonse za blockchain luso (Blockchain), cryptocurrencies (Cryptocurrency kapena Crypto Ndalama), Bitcoin (Bitcoin), koyamba ndalama kupereka (ICO, Koyamba ndalama kupereka), mapangano anzeru (Smart Contract), komanso malingaliro ena ndi mawu okhudzana ndi blockchain.
Ukadaulo wa blockchain umatsegula misika yatsopano ndikupanga ntchito kwa opanga mapulogalamu. Ngati mumvetsetsa zovuta zonse zamaukadaulo a cryptocurrency ndi matekinoloje anzeru amgwirizano, ndiye kuti musakhale ndi zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi.
Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti pali zongopeka zambiri kuzungulira ma cryptocurrencies ndi blockchains. Tisiya kukambirana za kusintha kwa mitengo ya cryptocurrency, kupangidwa kwa mapiramidi, zovuta zamalamulo a cryptocurrency, ndi zina zambiri. M'maphunziro athu ophunzirira tidzayang'ana kwambiri zaukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito mapangano anzeru pa Ethereum blockchain ndikupanga zomwe zimatchedwa decentralized application (DApps).
Kodi blockchain ndi chiyani
Blockchain (Block Chain) ndi unyolo wa midadada yolumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake mwanjira inayake. Kumayambiriro kwa unyolo pali chipika choyamba, chomwe chimatchedwa chipika choyambirira (chida cha Genesis) kapena chipika cha genesis. Imatsatiridwa ndi yachiwiri, kenako yachitatu ndi zina zotero.
Ma midadada onsewa amasinthidwa okha pama node angapo a netiweki ya blockchain. Izi zimatsimikizira kusungidwa kwadongosolo kwa data ya blockchain.
Mutha kuganiza za blockchain system ngati ma node ambiri (ma seva akuthupi kapena enieni) olumikizidwa mu netiweki ndikubwereza zosintha zonse pamakina a data. Izi zili ngati kompyuta yayikulu yokhala ndi ma seva ambiri, ndipo ma node amakompyuta otere (maseva) amatha kumwazika padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo inunso mutha kuwonjezera kompyuta yanu ku netiweki ya blockchain.
Distributed Database
Blockchain ikhoza kuganiziridwa ngati nkhokwe yogawidwa yomwe imabwerezedwa m'malo onse a blockchain network. Mwachidziwitso, blockchain idzagwira ntchito bola ngati node imodzi ikugwira ntchito, kusunga midadada yonse ya blockchain.
Kaundula wa Data Wogawidwa
Blockchain ikhoza kuganiziridwa ngati buku logawidwa la deta ndi ntchito (zochita). Dzina lina la kaundula wotero ndi leja.
Deta ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku buku logawidwa, koma silingasinthidwe kapena kuchotsedwa. Zosatheka izi zimatheka, makamaka, pogwiritsa ntchito ma cryptographic algorithms, ma aligorivimu apadera owonjezera midadada ku unyolo ndikusungirako deta.
Powonjezera midadada ndikuchita ntchito (zochita), makiyi achinsinsi ndi apagulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amaletsa ogwiritsa ntchito blockchain pongowapatsa mwayi wopeza midadada yawoyawo.
Zochitika
Blockchain imasunga zambiri zokhudzana ndi ntchito (zochita) m'midadada. Nthawi yomweyo, zochitika zakale, zomwe zatha kale sizingabwezedwe kapena kusinthidwa. Zochita zatsopano zimasungidwa m'malo atsopano, owonjezera.
Mwanjira iyi, mbiri yonse yamalonda imatha kulembedwa mosasinthika pa blockchain. Chifukwa chake, blockchain ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, mwachitsanzo, kusunga mosamala mabanki, chidziwitso chaumwini, mbiri yakusintha kwa eni katundu, ndi zina zambiri.
Ethereum blockchain ili ndi zomwe zimatchedwa dongosolo. Pamene malonda akuchitidwa, dziko limasintha kuchokera ku chikhalidwe choyambirira kupita ku chikhalidwe chamakono. Zochita zimalembedwa mu midadada.
Ma blockchains apagulu ndi achinsinsi
Tiyenera kuzindikira apa kuti zonse zomwe zanenedwa ndizowona zokhazokha zomwe zimatchedwa blockchain network, zomwe sizingalamuliridwe ndi munthu aliyense kapena bungwe lalamulo, bungwe la boma kapena boma.
Zomwe zimatchedwa maukonde achinsinsi a blockchain ali pansi paulamuliro wonse wa omwe adawalenga, ndipo chilichonse chimatheka pamenepo, mwachitsanzo, m'malo mwathunthu midadada yonse ya unyolo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa blockchain
Kodi blockchain ingakhale yothandiza chiyani?
Mwachidule, blockchain imakulolani kuti muzichita zinthu motetezeka (zochita) pakati pa anthu kapena makampani omwe sakhulupirirana. Deta yolembedwa mu blockchain (zochita, zambiri zaumwini, zikalata, satifiketi, makontrakitala, ma invoice, ndi zina zambiri) sizingalumikizidwe kapena kusinthidwa pambuyo pojambula. Chifukwa chake, kutengera blockchain, ndizotheka kupanga, mwachitsanzo, ma registries odalirika ogawidwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zikalata.
Inde, mukudziwa kuti machitidwe a cryptocurrency akupangidwa pamaziko a blockchains, opangidwa kuti alowe m'malo mwa ndalama zamapepala wamba. Ndalama zamapepala zimatchedwanso fiat (kuchokera ku Fiat Money).
Blockchain imatsimikizira kusungidwa ndi kusasinthika kwa zochitika zomwe zalembedwa mu midadada, chifukwa chake zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga machitidwe a cryptocurrency. Lili ndi mbiri yonse ya kusamutsidwa kwa ndalama za crypto pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana (akaunti), ndipo ntchito iliyonse ikhoza kutsatiridwa.
Ngakhale kugulitsa mkati mwa machitidwe a cryptocurrency kungakhale kosadziwika, kuchotsa ndalama za crypto ndikusinthana ndi ndalama za fiat nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kudziwika kwa mwiniwake wa cryptocurrency asset.
Zomwe zimatchedwa mapangano anzeru, omwe ndi mapulogalamu omwe akuyenda pa intaneti ya Ethereum, amakulolani kuti muzitha kuyendetsa ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwawo. Izi zimakhala zogwira mtima makamaka ngati malipiro a ntchitoyo akugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito cryptocurrency Ether.
Mapangano a Ethereum blockchain ndi Ethereum olembedwa m'chinenero cha pulogalamu ya Solidity angagwiritsidwe ntchito, mwachitsanzo, m'madera otsatirawa:
- njira ina notarization zikalata;
- kusungirako kaundula wa zinthu zamalonda ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi malonda ndi zinthu zamalonda;
- kusungirako chidziwitso chaumwini pazanzeru (mabuku, zithunzi, nyimbo, ndi zina);
- kukhazikitsa njira zovota paokha;
- ndalama ndi banki;
- mayendedwe padziko lonse lapansi, kutsatira kayendedwe ka katundu;
- kusungirako deta yanu ngati analogue ku dongosolo la chizindikiritso;
- kusungitsa chitetezo m'munda wamalonda;
- kusunga zotsatira za kuyezetsa kwachipatala, komanso mbiri ya njira zolembedwera
Mavuto ndi blockchain
Koma, ndithudi, si zonse zomwe ziri zophweka monga momwe zingawonekere!
Pali zovuta pakutsimikizira deta musanayionjeze ku blockchain (mwachitsanzo, ndi zabodza?), Mavuto ndi chitetezo cha machitidwe ndi mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira ntchito ndi blockchain, mavuto ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito njira zama engineering kuti azibera mwayi. ku cryptocurrency wallets, etc. .P.
Apanso, ngati sitikulankhula za blockchain yapagulu, ma node omwe amwazikana padziko lonse lapansi, koma za blockchain yachinsinsi ya munthu kapena bungwe, ndiye kuti mulingo wa chidaliro pano sudzakhala wapamwamba kuposa kuchuluka kwa kudalirika. mwa munthu uyu kapena bungwe ili.
Ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa kuti deta yolembedwa mu blockchain imapezeka kwa aliyense. M'lingaliro ili, blockchain (makamaka pagulu) siyenera kusunga zinsinsi. Komabe, mfundo yakuti zambiri za blockchain sizingasinthidwe zingathandize kupewa kapena kufufuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito zachinyengo.
Ethereum decentralized applications idzakhala yabwino ngati mulipira kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndi cryptocurrency. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi cryptocurrency kapena akufuna kugula, ma DApps otchuka kwambiri ndi makontrakitala anzeru adzakhala.
Mavuto omwe amapezeka ndi blockchain omwe amalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kothandiza akuphatikizapo kuthamanga kochepa komwe midadada yatsopano imatha kuwonjezeredwa komanso mtengo wokwera kwambiri wa zochitika. Koma teknoloji m'derali ikukula mwachangu, ndipo pali chiyembekezo chakuti mavuto aukadaulo adzathetsedwa pakapita nthawi.
Vuto lina ndiloti mapangano anzeru pa Ethereum blockchain amagwira ntchito kumalo akutali a makina enieni, ndipo alibe mwayi wopeza deta yeniyeni. Makamaka, pulogalamu ya mgwirizano wanzeru silingathe kudziwerengera yokha data kuchokera kumasamba kapena zida zilizonse zakuthupi (zoseweretsa, zolumikizirana, ndi zina zambiri), komanso sizingatulutse deta ku zida zilizonse zakunja. Tidzakambirana za vutoli ndi njira zothetsera izo mu phunziro loperekedwa kwa otchedwa Oracles - chidziwitso cha intermediaries ya makontrakitala anzeru.
Palinso zoletsa zamalamulo. M'mayiko ena, mwachitsanzo, ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito cryptocurrency ngati njira yolipira, koma mutha kukhala nayo ngati mtundu wazinthu za digito, monga zotetezedwa. Katundu wotere amatha kugulidwa ndikugulitsidwa pakusinthana. Mulimonsemo, popanga pulojekiti yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi cryptocurrencies, muyenera kudzidziwa bwino ndi malamulo a dziko lomwe ntchito yanu ikugwera.
Momwe unyolo wa blockchain umapangidwira
Monga tanena kale, blockchain ndi unyolo wosavuta wa midadada ya data. Choyamba, chipika choyamba cha unyolowu chimapangidwa, ndiye chachiwiri chikuwonjezeredwa, ndi zina zotero. Deta ya transaction imaganiziridwa kuti imasungidwa mu midadada, ndipo imawonjezedwa ku chipika chaposachedwa kwambiri.
Mku. 1.1 tidawonetsa mtundu wosavuta wotsatizana wa midadada, pomwe chipika choyamba chimatanthawuza chotsatira.
Mpunga. 1.1. Kutsata kosavuta kwa midadada
Ndi njirayi, komabe, ndizosavuta kusokoneza zomwe zili mu chipika chilichonse mu unyolo, popeza midadada ilibe chidziwitso chilichonse choteteza kusintha. Poganizira kuti blockchain idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu ndi makampani omwe palibe chidaliro, titha kunena kuti njira iyi yosungira deta siyiyenera ku blockchain.
Tiyeni tiyambe kuteteza midadada ku chinyengo. Pa gawo loyamba, tidzayesetsa kuteteza chipika chilichonse ndi checksum (mkuyu 1.2).
Mpunga. 1.2. Kuonjezera chitetezo cha midadada iyi ndi checksum
Tsopano wowukira sangangosintha chipikacho, chifukwa chimakhala ndi cheke cha data block. Kuyang'ana checksum kudzawonetsa kuti deta yasinthidwa.
Kuti muwerenge cheke, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwama hashing monga MD-5, SHA-1, SHA-256, ndi zina. Ntchito za hashi zimawerengera mtengo (mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wamawu wautali wokhazikika) pochita zinthu zosasinthika pagulu la data. Zochita zimatengera mtundu wa ntchito ya hashi.
Ngakhale zomwe zili mu data block zisintha pang'ono, mtengo wa hashi udzasinthanso. Mwa kusanthula mtengo wa ntchito ya hashi, ndizosatheka kukonzanso chipika cha data chomwe chidawerengedwa.
Kodi chitetezo choterocho chidzakhala chokwanira? Tsoka ilo ayi.
Muchiwembu ichi, cheke (ntchito ya hashi) imateteza midadada payekha, koma osati blockchain yonse. Podziwa algorithm yowerengera ntchito ya hashi, wowukira amatha kusintha zomwe zili mu block. Komanso, palibe chomwe chingamulepheretse kuchotsa midadada mu unyolo kapena kuwonjezera zatsopano.
Kuti muteteze unyolo wonse wonse, mungathenso kusunga mu chipika chilichonse, pamodzi ndi deta, hashi ya deta kuchokera ku chipika chapitacho (mkuyu 1.3).
Mpunga. 1.3. Onjezani hashi ya block yapitayi ku block block
Muchiwembu ichi, kuti musinthe chipika, muyenera kuwerengeranso ntchito za hashi pama block onse otsatira. Zikuwoneka, vuto ndi chiyani?
Mu blockchains zenizeni, zovuta zopangira zimapangidwira kuwonjezera midadada yatsopano-maalgorithms omwe amafunikira zida zambiri zamakompyuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Poganizira kuti kuti musinthe chipikacho, muyenera kuwerengeranso osati chipika chimodzi chokha, koma zonse zotsatila, izi zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Tikumbukirenso kuti data ya blockchain imasungidwa (yobwerezedwa) pama node ambiri apaintaneti, i.e. Decentralized yosungirako ntchito. Ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kupanga chipika chabodza, chifukwa zosintha ziyenera kupangidwa ku node zonse za netiweki.
Popeza midadada amasunga zambiri za chipika chapitacho, ndizotheka kuyang'ana zomwe zili muzitsulo zonse mu unyolo.
Ethereum blockchain
Ethereum blockchain ndi nsanja yomwe DApps zogawira zimatha kupangidwa. Mosiyana ndi nsanja zina, Ethereum amalola kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa mapangano anzeru (mapangano anzeru), olembedwa m'chinenero cha pulogalamu ya Solidity.
Pulatifomuyi idapangidwa mu 2013 ndi Vitalik Buterin, woyambitsa Bitcoin Magazine, ndipo idakhazikitsidwa mu 2015. Chilichonse chomwe tidzaphunzire kapena kuchita mu maphunziro athu chikukhudzana makamaka ndi Ethereum blockchain ndi Solidity smart contracts.
Migodi kapena momwe midadada imapangidwira
Migodi ndi njira yovuta komanso yogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri powonjezera midadada yatsopano ku blockchain, osati "migodi ya cryptocurrency". Migodi imatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa blockchain, chifukwa ndi njira iyi yomwe ili ndi udindo wowonjezera malonda ku Ethereum blockchain.
Anthu ndi mabungwe omwe akuwonjeza midadada amatchedwa ochita migodi.
Mapulogalamu omwe akuyenda pamagulu a miner amayesa kupeza chizindikiro cha hashing chotchedwa Nonce kwa chipika chomaliza kuti apeze mtengo wa hashi wotchulidwa ndi intaneti. Ethash hashing algorithm yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Ethereum imakulolani kuti mupeze mtengo wa Nonce pokhapokha pofufuza motsatizana.
Ngati node ya mgodi ikupeza mtengo wolondola wa Nonce, ndiye kuti izi ndizo zomwe zimatchedwa umboni wa ntchito (PoW, Umboni wa-ntchito). Pankhaniyi, ngati chipika chikuwonjezeredwa ku netiweki ya Ethereum, wochita mgodi amalandira mphotho inayake mu ndalama zapaintaneti - Ether. Pa nthawi yolemba, mphoto ndi 5 Ether, koma izi zidzachepetsedwa pakapita nthawi.
Choncho, Ethereum migodi kuonetsetsa ntchito maukonde powonjezera midadada, ndi kulandira cryptocurrency ndalama za izi. Pali zambiri zambiri pa intaneti za oyendetsa migodi ndi migodi, koma tidzakambirana za kupanga mgwirizano wa Solidity ndi DApps pa intaneti ya Ethereum.
Chidule cha phunziro
Mu phunziro loyamba, mudadziwana ndi blockchain ndipo mudaphunzira kuti ndi mndandanda wopangidwa mwapadera wa midadada. Zomwe zili m'mabwalo ojambulidwa kale sizingasinthidwe, chifukwa izi zingafune kuwerengeranso midadada yonse yotsatira pama node ambiri a netiweki, zomwe zimafuna zinthu zambiri komanso nthawi.
Blockchain ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusunga zotsatira za zochitika. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikukonzekera zochitika zotetezeka pakati pa maphwando (anthu ndi mabungwe) omwe palibe kudalirana. Munaphunzira m'madera enieni a bizinesi ndi madera omwe Ethereum blockchain ndi Solidity angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Iyi ndi gawo la banki, kulembetsa ufulu wa katundu, zikalata, ndi zina.
Munaphunziranso kuti mavuto osiyanasiyana amatha kubwera mukamagwiritsa ntchito blockchain. Awa ndizovuta zotsimikizira zomwe zawonjezeredwa ku blockchain, kuthamanga kwa blockchain, mtengo wamalonda, vuto lakusinthana kwa data pakati pa mapangano anzeru ndi dziko lenileni, komanso kuwukira komwe kungachitike ndi omwe akuwukira omwe akufuna kuba ndalama za cryptocurrency mumaakaunti a ogwiritsa ntchito. .
Tinakambirananso mwachidule za migodi monga njira yowonjezera midadada yatsopano ku blockchain. Migodi ndiyofunikira kuti mutsirize ntchito. Omwe akukhudzidwa ndi migodi amaonetsetsa kuti blockchain ikugwira ntchito ndikupeza mphotho mu cryptocurrency pa izi.
Phunziro 2. Kukonzekera malo ogwirira ntchito ku Ubuntu ndi Debian OSKusankha makina ogwiritsira ntchito
Kukhazikitsa zofunikira
Kuyika Geth ndi Swarm pa Ubuntu
Kuyika Geth ndi Swarm pa Debian
Kukonzekera koyambirira
Kutsitsa kugawa kwa Go
Kukhazikitsa zosintha zachilengedwe
Kuyang'ana mtundu wa Go
Kuyika Geth ndi Swarm
Kupanga blockchain yachinsinsi
Kukonzekera fayilo ya genesis.json
Pangani chikwatu cha ntchito
Pangani akaunti
Kukhazikitsa node yoyambira
Zosankha Zoyambitsa Node
Lumikizani ku node yathu
Kasamalidwe ka migodi ndi kufufuza bwino
Kutseka Geth console
Chidule cha phunziro
Phunziro 3. Kukonzekera malo ogwirira ntchito pa Raspberry Pi 3Kukonzekera Raspberry Pi 3 ntchito
Kukhazikitsa Rasberian
Kuyika zosintha
Kuthandizira SSH Access
Kukhazikitsa Static IP Address
Kukhazikitsa zofunikira
Kukhazikitsa Go
Kutsitsa kugawa kwa Go
Kukhazikitsa zosintha zachilengedwe
Kuyang'ana mtundu wa Go
Kuyika Geth ndi Swarm
Kupanga blockchain yachinsinsi
Kuyang'ana akaunti yanu ndi ndalama
Chidule cha phunziro
Phunziro 4. Maakaunti ndi kusamutsa ndalama pakati pa maakauntiOnani ndi kuwonjezera maakaunti
Onani mndandanda wamaakaunti
Kuwonjezera akaunti
geth account command options
Ma passwords aakaunti
Cryptocurrency mu Ethereum
Mtengo wa Ethereum
Timazindikira kuchuluka kwa maakaunti athu
Kusamutsa ndalama kuchokera ku akaunti ina kupita ku ina
eth.sendTransaction njira
Onani momwe zachitika
Chiphaso chochita
Chidule cha phunziro
Phunziro 5. Kusindikiza mgwirizano wanu woyambaMalingaliro a kampani Ethereum
Smart Contract Execution
Ethereum Virtual Machine
Malo ophatikizana otukuka Remix Solidity IDE
Kuthamanga kusonkhanitsa
Kuyitana Ntchito za Contract
Kusindikiza mgwirizano pa intaneti yachinsinsi
Kupeza tanthauzo la ABI ndi code binary ya contract
Kusindikizidwa kwa mgwirizano
Kuyang'ana kontrakitala kufalitsa zomwe zikuchitika
Kuyitana Ntchito za Contract
Batch compiler solc
Kuyika solc pa Ubuntu
Kuyika solc pa Debian
Kupanga mgwirizano wa HelloSol
Kusindikizidwa kwa mgwirizano
Kuyika solc pa Rasberian
Chidule cha phunziro
Phunziro 6. Mapangano anzeru ndi Node.jsKuyika Node.js
Kuyika pa Ubuntu
Kuyika pa Debian
Kukhazikitsa ndi kuyendetsa Ganache-cli
Kukhazikitsa kwa Web3
Kukhazikitsa solc
Kuyika Node.js pa Rasberian
Script kuti mupeze mndandanda wamaakaunti mu console
Script yofalitsa mgwirizano wanzeru
Yambitsani ndikupeza magawo
Kupeza zosankha zoyambira
Kuphatikiza Kontrakiti
Kutsegula akaunti yanu
Kutsegula ABI ndi makontrakitala a binary code
Kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa gasi wofunikira
Pangani chinthu ndikuyamba kusindikiza mgwirizano
Kuyendetsa script yosindikiza mgwirizano
Kuyitana ntchito za smart contract
Kodi ndizotheka kukonzanso mgwirizano wanzeru womwe wasindikizidwa?
Kugwira ntchito ndi Web3 mtundu 1.0.x
Kupeza mndandanda wamaakaunti
Kusindikizidwa kwa mgwirizano
Kuyitana Ntchito za Contract
Kusamutsa ndalama kuchokera ku akaunti ina kupita ku ina
Tumizani ndalama ku akaunti ya contract
Kusintha mgwirizano wanzeru wa HelloSol
Pangani script kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa akaunti yanu
Onjezani kuyimba ku ntchito ya getBalance ku call_contract_get_promise.js script
Timawonjezera akaunti ya smart contract
Chidule cha phunziro
PHUNZIRO 7: Mawu Oyamba a TruffleKukhazikitsa Truffle
Pangani polojekiti ya HelloSol
Kupanga Directory Project ndi Mafayilo
Chikwatu cha makontrakitala
Kusamuka kwamagulu
Mayeso a Directory
truffle-config.js fayilo
Kupanga mgwirizano wa HelloSol
Yambani kusindikiza mgwirizano
Kuyitanira Ntchito za Mgwirizano wa HelloSol mu Truffle Prompt
Kuyimbira mgwirizano wa HelloSol kumagwira ntchito kuchokera pa JavaScript yomwe ikuyenda Node.js
Kukhazikitsa gawo la truffle-contract
Kuitana kontrakiti kumagwira ntchito GetValue ndi GetString
Kuyimbira ntchito za contract setValue ndi setString
Kusintha kontrakitala ndikusindikizanso
Kugwira ntchito ndi Web3 mtundu 1.0.x
Kupanga zosintha ku mgwirizano wanzeru wa HelloSol
Zolemba zoyimbira njira za mgwirizano
Kuyesedwa mu Truffle
Mayeso olimba
Mayeso a JavaScript
Chidule cha phunziro
Phunziro 8. Mitundu ya Data YolimbaMgwirizano wamitundu ya data yophunzirira
Mitundu ya data ya boolean
Manambala onse osasainidwa ndi manambala osainidwa
Nambala zokhazikika
Adilesi
Zosintha zamitundu yovuta
Zosasinthika Zakukulu Zokhazikika
Mitundu yamphamvu
Kusamutsa
Makhalidwe
Mapu otanthauzira mawu
Chidule cha phunziro
Phunziro 9. Kusamuka kwa makontrakitala kupita ku netiweki yachinsinsi komanso ku netiweki ya RinkebyKusindikiza mgwirizano kuchokera ku Truffle kupita ku netiweki yachinsinsi ya Geth
Kukonzekera node yachinsinsi yachinsinsi
Kupanga mgwirizano wa ntchito
Kupanga ndi kusamutsa mgwirizano ku netiweki ya Truffle
Kuyambira local network migration geth
Kupeza zida za Truffle
Kusindikiza mgwirizano kuchokera ku Truffle kupita ku Rinkeby testnet
Kukonzekera node ya Geth kuti mugwire ntchito ndi Rinkeby
Kulumikizana kwa mfundo
Kuwonjezera akaunti
Kuwonjezera akaunti yanu ya Rinkeby ndi ether
Kuyambitsa kusamuka kwa mgwirizano ku netiweki ya Rinkeby
Kuwona zambiri zamakontrakiti pa netiweki ya Rinkeby
Truffle Console ya Rinkeby Network
Njira yosavuta yotchulira ntchito za mgwirizano
Kuyimbira njira za mgwirizano pogwiritsa ntchito Node.js
Tumizani ndalama pakati pa maakaunti mu Truffle console ya Rinkby
Chidule cha phunziro
Phunziro 10. Ethereum Swarm Decentralized Data StorageKodi Ethereum Swarm imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Kukhazikitsa ndi kuyambitsa Swarm
Imagwira ntchito ndi mafayilo ndi maupangiri
Kukweza Fayilo ku Ethereum Swarm
Kuwerenga fayilo kuchokera ku Ethereum Swarm
Onani chiwonetsero cha fayilo yomwe idakwezedwa
Kutsegula maulalo okhala ndi ma subdirectories
Kuwerenga fayilo kuchokera m'ndandanda yotsitsa
Kugwiritsa ntchito chipata chagulu cha Swarm
Kufikira Swarm kuchokera ku Node.js scripts
Perl Net :: Ethereum :: Module yonyezimira
Kuyika Net :: Ethereum :: Swarm module
Kulemba ndi kuwerenga deta
Chidule cha phunziro
Phunziro 11. Web3.py chimango chogwirira ntchito ndi Ethereum ku PythonKuyika Web3.py
Kusintha ndi kukhazikitsa phukusi lofunikira
Kuyika module ya easysolc
Kusindikiza mgwirizano pogwiritsa ntchito Web3.py
Kuphatikiza Kontrakiti
Kulumikizana ndi wothandizira
Kusindikiza kontrakitala kufalitsa
Kusunga adilesi ya mgwirizano ndi abi mufayilo
Kuyendetsa script yosindikiza mgwirizano
Njira Zoyimbira Mgwirizano
Kuwerenga adilesi ndi abi wa mgwirizano kuchokera ku fayilo ya JSON
Kulumikizana ndi wothandizira
Kupanga Ntchito Yamgwirizano
Njira Zoyimbira Mgwirizano
Truffle ndi Web3.py
Chidule cha phunziro
Phunziro 12. OraclesKodi kontrakitala wanzeru ingadalire zambiri zakunja?
Oracles ngati blockchain information intermediaries
Gwero lazambiri
Khodi yoyimira deta kuchokera kugwero
Oracle yojambulira mtengo wosinthira mu blockchain
USDRateOracle Contract
Kusintha mtengo wosinthira mu mgwirizano wanzeru
Kugwiritsa ntchito Web Socket Provider
Tikuyembekezera chochitika cha RateUpdate
Kusamalira chochitika cha RateUpdate
Kuyambitsa zosintha za data mu mgwirizano wanzeru
Chidule cha phunziro
Source: www.habr.com