*, kapena The Frequency Illusion ndi kusokonekera kwachidziwitso komwe zomwe zaphunziridwa posachedwa zimawonekeranso pakapita nthawi yochepa zimawonedwa ngati pafupipafupi modabwitsa.
Pali ziphuphu kuzungulira ...
"Mapulogalamu" a aliyense wa ife ali ndi "nsikidzi" - .
Funso limabuka: kodi munthu angazindikire bwanji zenizeni popanda iwo? Kodi chidziwitso chaumunthu, kwenikweni, chingakhale chopanda mchitidwe wopatuka pamalingaliro? Kodi chitaganya cha anthu ndi dziko zikanasintha motani ngati aliyense akanakhala womasuka kwa iwo?
Ngakhale kuti palibe mayankho a mafunsowa, ndipo ngakhale kuti palibe aliyense wa ife amene ali mfulu kwa iwo, "Achilles chidendene" ichi cha malingaliro aumunthu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi ogulitsa, otsatsa ndi akatswiri ena. . Iwo akwanitsa kupanga njira zowonongeka, pogwiritsa ntchito bwino kusokoneza maganizo athu kuti, mwachitsanzo, akwaniritse zolinga zamalonda zamakampani.
Wolembayo wapeza ntchito yosokoneza chidziwitso m'dera lina - kuphunzitsa zilankhulo zakunja.
Psychological inertia of the native chinenero pophunzira chinenero china
Monga katswiri yemwe amagwira ntchito ndi chidziwitso cha anthu, wolembayo amadziwa bwino momwe zimapwetekera komanso zosagwira ntchito polimbana ndi malingaliro a chilankhulo cha chilankhulo pophunzira Chingerezi.
Sayansi yachidziwitso yavumbula kuti ngakhale munthu akudziwa bwino za kukhalapo kwa kusokonezeka kwachidziwitso, chidziwitso ichi sichimapereka chitetezo kwa munthu kuti asagwere mwa iwo. Pophunzitsa chinenero, cholinga chake ndikuchita bwino chinenero monga chida, osati kulimbana ndi kusokonezeka kwachidziwitso kosapeŵeka komwe kumalepheretsa kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukumana ndi kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso pophunzira chinenero china n'kosapeweka.
Tsoka ilo, matekinoloje odziwika bwino komanso njira zophunzitsira zilankhulo zakunja zomwe zilipo masiku ano mokhazikika sizimaganizira kukana kwachilengedwe kwa psyche kuphatikizika kwa zilankhulo zomwe sizikumvetsetsa, ndipo, kwenikweni, ndizochulukirapo. mwina ntchito za nthawi yayitali kuti zithyole zitseko zotsekedwa ndi mphumi zawo kuposa njira yosangalatsa yodziwira luso lofunika, limodzi ndi chisangalalo chomva kukula kwa luso ndi phindu laluntha, nthawi ndi ndalama.
Pophunzitsa kachitidwe, wolemba adaphunzira chowonadi chimodzi: kulimbana ndi kupotoza kwa malingaliro pophunzitsa chilankhulo sikuli kopindulitsa monga kulimbana ndi Mithunzi yanu molingana ndi Jung, yomwe ingagonjetsedwe pozindikira, kuzindikira ndi kuvomereza mwa inu nokha. Mthunzi woponderezedwa ukaphatikizidwanso mu umunthu, mthunzi uwu umasanduka chida champhamvu.
Kuchokera ku mapeto awa, lingalirolo linabadwa kuti "likwere" inertia ya kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso, kusewera limodzi ndi chidziwitso m'njira yolamulidwa kotero kuti zosokoneza zithandize, m'malo molepheretsa, kutengeka mofulumira kwa zinthuzo.
Njira 12 idabadwa (ulalo mu mbiri) - njira yodziwikiratu "yokweza" dongosolo la "tense" la galamala ya Chingerezi. Njira yomwe zosokoneza zathu zina, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalepheretsa, zimakhala ngati ogwirizana athu, kupereka, modabwitsa, kuzindikira ndi kutonthozedwa kwa njira yophunzirira, kupulumutsa kwakukulu mu nthawi ndi ndalama - mwachidule, njira yachidule yophweka, ya algorithmic, ndi yosangalatsa zolinga.
“Amene ativutitsa atithandiza!”
Njira yodziwira mikhalidwe khumi ndi iwiri yachingelezi, Njira 12, yazikidwa pa mfundo ya Aikido yakuti: “Amene amatilepheretsa adzatithandiza!”
Zowonadi, ndichifukwa chiyani mukuchita nawo nkhondo yotopetsa yolimbana ndi kusokonekera kwachidziwitso ngati angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati othandizira amphamvu omwe kumbuyo kwawo kumakhala kosavuta kukwera mwachipambano kukhala luso latsopano?
Ichi ndi chiyani , nchiyani chomwe chimatithandiza kudziwa bwino zomwe zili mu Njira 12, ndipo ndi njira ziti zophunzitsira zomwe zimayenderana mopanda nzeru?
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mfundo yakuti ndi njira iliyonse yophunzirira chinenero, zimachitika kuphunzira kuchokera kunja monga chodabwitsa chomwe chilipo kale. Chiyembekezo cha kuphatikizika kowonjezereka kwa dongosolo lachilendoli mu zida za chidziwitso cha munthu chikuwoneka kwa wophunzira kukhala chowopsa monga kutenga khoma la linga podumpha. Ndilipo, ndipo pali chimphona cha Chingerezi, ndipo ndiyenera kudya ndi kugaya njovu iyi, ndikudula zidutswa zing'onozing'ono kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kuteteza nthawi yomwe njovu yodyedwayi ikhala gawo limodzi la chidziwitso chanu ndikusokoneza kwa chidziwitso komwe kumatchedwa "” (lomwe likugwirizana ndi “"). Njira 12 imaganizira zochitika zamaganizidwe, komanso zofananira "” (chomwe chiri cholinga cha psyche, osati kusokoneza chidziwitso), kumanga malo ophunzirira pa inertia yawo.
Tiyeni tiwone momwe Njira 12 imagwirira ntchito ndi aliyense wa iwo
Tiyeni tiwone momwe Njira 12 imagwirizanirana ndi aliyense wa iwo komanso momwe njira zachikhalidwe:
| Zotsatira za IKEA, kufotokozera | Njira ya 12 | Trad. njira zophunzitsira |
|---|---|---|
| Chizoloŵezi cha anthu kuyamikira kwambiri zimene iwowo anachita popanga. Chifukwa chochita khama kwambiri pa ntchito, anthu nthawi zambiri amakonda kupitirizabe kugulitsa ntchito zomwe mwachiwonekere zalephera. | Mkati mwa dongosolo la Njira 12, munthu amadzipangira yekha kachitidwe ka nthawi ya Chingerezi, kuyankha mafunso a aphunzitsi, omwe amaperekedwa motsatizana. Ophunzira amawona masitepe angati omwe atsala mpaka ntchito yomangayo ikamalizidwa ndikuyesa kubweza kwa ndalama zawo. Mapangidwewo akamaliza, amasiya kuyika ndalama popanga kapangidwe kake ndikuzindikira kuti gawo lowongolera luso lachimangidwe limayamba. | Wophunzira sadzilenga yekha chilichonse, amangoyesa kukwera mwachimbulimbuli kanthu kena kakunja kamene kali kosaoneka kwa iye. Monga lamulo, anthu amayesa kumvetsetsa dongosolo la nthawi kwa zaka zambiri ndikukhala osakhutira ndi kumvetsetsa kwawo ndi kulamulira kwa nkhaniyi. Ophunzira amabwereranso kwa kanthawi, ndipo pambuyo pake, pansi pa chikakamizo cha kufunikira kofunikira, amabwerera kukuyesera kuti adziwe bwino zomwe akuphunzira; kapena amakakamirabe kugulitsa zinthu zomwe akuchita mosazindikira. |
| Zotsatira za m'badwo, kapena mawonetseredwe, kufotokozera | Njira ya 12 | Trad. njira zophunzitsira |
|---|---|---|
| Kudziwa bwino zinthu kumachitidwa ndi munthu malinga ndi mbadwo wake wodziyimira pawokha kapena kumalizidwa ndi munthu mwiniyo kuposa kungowerenga. Zimadziwonetsera chifukwa cha kuzama kwa chidziwitso chomalizidwa, chomwe chimanyamula katundu wambiri wa semantic. Zimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiwerengero chokulirapo cha maubwenzi ogwirizana, omwe amawonjezera chiwerengero cha "njira zolowera" ku chidziwitso chopangidwa, mosiyana ndi "kuwerenga" kosavuta. | Mkati mwa dongosolo la Njira 12, munthu, poyankha mafunso otsatizana a chidziwitso, amadzipangira okha kachitidwe, kuyitanitsa kuchokera mu chidziwitso chake zinthu zomwe zimadziwika bwino komanso zomveka za chilankhulo chake zomwe zilipo kale, ndikuzikonzanso kukhala dongosolo lina. chinenero chimene chikuphunziridwa. Choncho, dongosolo latsopano ndilo kulengedwa kwa wophunzira osati chinthu chakunja chomwe chiyenera kuphunziridwa. Kudziwika kwa dongosolo lowonetseredwa ku dongosolo la Chingerezi "tenses" ndi udindo wa mphunzitsi ndi wopanga, osati wophunzira. | Wophunzirayo sadzilenga yekha chilichonse, amangoyesa kuphunzira mwachimbulimbuli zinthu zina zakunja zomwe sakuzidziwa, pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo osagwirizana ndi machitidwe opangidwa ndi anthu ena. |
Zochitika ziwirizi, chimodzi mwazolakwika zachidziwitso, ndizo mizati yomwe magawo awiri mwa anayi (symmetrical woyamba ndi wachitatu) a Njira 12 amamangidwa, kumene kumangidwa kwa dongosolo la mawonekedwe a nthawi ya Chingerezi kumawululidwa.
Kupambana kwa kadzidzi ndi dziko lapansi
Kupitilira apo, Njira 12 imathana bwino ndi vuto lakale la ophunzira "kukoka kadzidzi waku Russia pa dziko la Chingerezi", lomwe lakambidwa kale ndi wolemba. kale.
Zikuwoneka kuti kusokoneza kwachidziwitso uku ndikochokera ku zolakwika "",""Ndipo"" Iwo ali ogwirizana ndi chizoloŵezi cha psyche yathu kufunafuna kapena kutanthauzira zatsopano m'njira yoti zigwirizane ndi paradigm yomwe ilipo kale mu chidziwitso chathu. Pankhani ya kuphunzira English, ndi chodabwitsa cha kulimbikira kufufuza Russian chidziwitso logic mu chinenero china, amene, kumene, pafupifupi kulibe kumeneko mu ankafuna mawonekedwe.
M'malo motsutsana ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yomwe, motsutsana ndi chifuniro chathu, imayamba "kukoka" zinthu zatsopano zomwe zili kunja kwa chikhalidwe cha chinenero cha Chirasha pa paradigm iyi, m'malo mokhomerera misomali ya malamulo muzochitika izi modzidzimutsa ndikuphwanya chikwapu. za kugwedezeka ndi kukonza zolakwika zosatha m'mawu ndi machitidwe, ife, monga katswiri wamaganizo wanzeru, timavomereza mokoma mtima ndi chidziwitso chopanduka. “Inde, wokondedwa. Mukufuna choncho? Inde, chabwino, zikhale momwe ukufunira. " Ndipo timapanga njira yoyenera yopangira zinthu.
Lingaliro lotonthozedwa limasiya kupsinjika ndi kuchita mantha chifukwa silingathe "kukankhira pazomwe simungathe kulowa." Pakadali pano, timamupatsa mokoma mtima mawonekedwe amitundu yamitundu ndi nthawi, zomwe zimayikidwa mu dongosolo lachidziwitso, "zamtendere" zenizeni ndi zizindikiro zomwe amazidziwa bwino - "zowona", "njira", "madeti", "zowonadi zabwino" , ndi zina. Kumanga kophiphiritsa kothandizira kumeneku kumakonzedwa m'njira yofanana ndi dongosolo la nthawi khumi ndi ziwiri za Chingerezi za mawu ogwira ntchito. Pakuphunzitsidwa kwa maola angapo, chidziwitso chimawongolera bwino mawonekedwe a 3D pa dongosolo la English Tenses, ndipo mwachilengedwe amaphatikiza zomwe zidadedwa kale komanso zosamvetsetseka Present Perfect Simple and Future Perfect Progressive. Fanizo likhoza kupangidwa ndi momwe zinthu zilili pamene kuli kofunikira kupereka mankhwala m'magazi a nyama yodwala. Nyamayo idzakana kudya mapiritsiwo mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, ndipo mmalo motaya nthawi pa kukana kwake ndi nkhanza, mwiniwakeyo amangosakaniza mapiritsiwo mu mankhwala. Voila.
Chotsatira chake, tinalola chikumbumtima "kukoka" ku chisangalalo chake, koma kusintha pang'ono ndondomekoyi: "kadzidzi" anakhala Chingerezi, ndipo "globe" inakhala Russian. Ndiko kuti, chikumbumtima, motsogozedwa okhwima a mphunzitsi, anasiya kufunafuna Russian chidziwitso logic mu English, koma, M'malo mwake, opezeka Russian zinthu za chidziwitso logic ya English ndi anamanga m'magulu omveka bwino ndi bwino zinthu izi wamba. Zilankhulo zonse ziwiri kukhala chitsanzo cha dongosolo lofanana ndi dongosolo la chilankhulo cha Chingerezi. Ife mopanda ululu ndi momasuka anagonjetsa kukana chikumbumtima, kupeŵa kulimbana wopanda phindu ndi izo, ntchito njira za tatchulazi kupotoza chidziwitso kuti phindu la internalization bwino ndi mozama wa luso.
Komanso, popanga mawu amkati a Njira 12, timagwiritsa ntchito inertia yachilengedwe и , kuyika mwachikhazikitso zina mwazovuta kwambiri zamalingaliro olankhula Chirasha ndi mawu a anthu wamba, monga: "aliyense amene adayimilira choyamba atenge ma slippers", "Ndinayenda, ndidayenda, ndidayenda, ndidapeza chitumbuwa, ndidakhala pansi, ndidya; kenako anasuntha", "lumo", "zikhomo", "magawo". Tsopano popeza tili ndi ma memes oterowo mu zida zathu zankhondo, mwachifundo tatsitsa chidziwitso chathu: tsopano, kuti tiphatikize Zowopsa Zakale Zakale mu paradigm yathu ya chilankhulo cha Chirasha, sitifunikira matanthauzo othyola dzino ngati "kanthu kamene kanamalizidwa kale. nthawi ina yapitayo yotchulidwa kapena kutanthauzira, yopangidwa m'Chingelezi ndi had and the past particte." Ndikokwanira kufotokozera ndi kuyang'ana kwachiwembu: "zotsika zandani"?
Sizikumveka zasayansi kwambiri, ndikuvomereza. Koma popanda kupotoza mwachidziwitso ndikuphatikizidwa mu dongosolo lomveka, losavuta komanso lodalirika, ngati mfuti ya Kalashnikov. Kutengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimamangidwa, "pragmaterminology" iyi imataya tanthauzo lonse.
Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti maphunzirowa amamangidwa mozungulira, mu miyambo yabwino kwambiri и . Zomwe zimayambira pagawo loyamba zimasinthidwa pakusintha kwatsopano, kozama mu gawo lachitatu, gawo lachiwiri likuwonetsedwa ndi "kulemera" kwachinayi. Ndiyeno - thambo ndilo malire ... "Mafupa" amphamvu a galamala ya Chingerezi amaikidwa pamutu wa wophunzira. Kenako, mutha kupanga "minofu" yosemedwa ndikupukuta kukongola kwa zilankhulo zina monga momwe wophunzira amafunira ndi zosowa zake.
Tchimo loyipa la mphunzitsi
Tinkaganizira kwambiri za ophunzira. Ndipo mphunzitsi? Iyenso ndi munthu wokhala ndi zokhota zake. Kodi mphunzitsi amagonjetsa chiyani mwa iye mwini pophunzitsa pogwiritsa ntchito Njira 12? Kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe ndi dzina loyipa "”: “Chimodzi mwa tsankho lachidziŵitso m’kaganizidwe ka anthu n’chakuti n’kovuta kwambiri kwa anthu odziwa zambiri kuona vuto lililonse monga mmene anthu amaonera anthu osadziŵa zambiri.” Pokhala ndi teknoloji yowonekera bwino yotereyi, mphunzitsi alibe mwayi wosokoneza mutu wa wophunzira mosadziwa. Zikuoneka kuti pophunzitsa pogwiritsa ntchito Njira 12, monga m’nthabwala ija, “pofotokoza, ndinamvetsa,” mphunzitsiyo, pamene akufotokoza nkhaniyo, nthaŵi zina angaone mmenemo zinthu zimene anali asanazionepo.
Ndikufuna kudziwa zovuta za malingaliro omwe omwe adamaliza kuwerenga lembali adakumana nawo pophunzira zilankhulo. Ndipo pempho lalikulu kwa iwo omwe alibe kupotoza kwa chidziwitso ndikuti asaponye miyala yoyipa mu Njira ngati nkotheka. Wolembayo anayesa.
Source: www.habr.com