Lingaliro la "cryptocurrency" silinakhazikitsidwe mwalamulo ku Russia. Lamulo la "Pa Zida Zamakono" lapangidwa kwa zaka ziwiri tsopano, koma silinaganizidwe ndi State Duma powerenga kachiwiri. Kuphatikiza apo, m'kope laposachedwa, mawu oti "cryptocurrency" adasowa m'mawu abilu. Banki Yaikulu yalankhula mobwerezabwereza za ndalama za crypto, ndipo nthawi zambiri mawuwa ndi olakwika. Chifukwa chake, mutu wa Central Bank posachedwa , yomwe imatsutsana ndi ndalama zapadera mu mawonekedwe a digito, chifukwa zikhoza kuwononga ndondomeko ya ndalama ndi kukhazikika kwachuma ngati iyamba kusintha ndalama za boma.
Ngakhale kugulitsa ndi cryptocurrency sikuyendetsedwa ndi malamulo apadera, njira ina yachiweruzo idapangidwa kale pamilandu yomwe cryptocurrency ikuwonekera. Nthawi zambiri zolemba za zigamulo za khothi zomwe zimakhudzana ndi cryptocurrency zimagwirizana mu gawo ili komanso kulimbikitsa chisankho pa cryptocurrency. Childs, cryptocurrency limapezeka m'makhoti milandu angapo, zimene tiona pansipa. Izi ndi ndalama cryptocurrency ndi kugula kwake, migodi, kutsekereza malo ndi zambiri cryptocurrency, ndi milandu zokhudzana ndi kugulitsa mankhwala, kumene malipiro ogula anapangidwa cryptocurrency.
Kugula cryptocurrency
Khoti m'chigawo cha Rostov , kuti palibe chitetezo chalamulo kwa katundu cryptocurrency, ndi mwiniwake wa mtundu wapadera wa ndalama pafupifupi "ali ndi chiopsezo kutaya ndalama padera mu chuma, amene si pansi kubweza." Zikatero, wodandaulayo anayesa kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa chuma chosalungama kuchokera kwa chibwenzi chake, chomwe adasamutsira ndalama zina mu bitcoins. Adapanga ndalama pogula ndikugulitsa cryptocurrency pamsika wamasheya ndikuchotsa pafupifupi ma ruble 600 zikwi kuchokera ku bitcoins kudzera pa khadi la bwenzi lake. Atakana kubweza ndalamazo, mwamunayo anapita kukhoti, koma khoti linakana. Khotilo lidawonetsa kuti ubale wokhudzana ndi ma cryptocurrencies ku Russia sunayendetsedwe, Bitcoin sichidziwika ngati ndalama zamagetsi ndipo kutulutsidwa kwake ndikoletsedwa m'gawo la Russian Federation. Zotsatira zake, khotilo linanena kuti "kusinthana kwa chuma cha digito (cryptocurrencies) kwa ruble sikuyendetsedwa ndi malamulo apano a Russian Federation. Chifukwa chake, D.L. Skrynnik ndi umboni wovomerezeka pazokangana zake mu gawoli. sanapereke ku khoti."
Cryptocurrency ingagulidwe osati pa intaneti, komanso kudzera mu cryptomats. Awa ndi makina ogulira cryptocurrency. Kugwira ntchito kwa cryptomats sikuyendetsedwa ndi lamulo, koma kuyambira chaka chatha akuluakulu azamalamulo anayamba kuwalanda. Chifukwa chake, kulanda ma ATM 22 a crypto kuchokera ku BBFpro chaka chapitacho. Kenako akuluakulu azamalamulo anachitadi zimenezo . Akuluakulu azamalamulo adanenanso kuti akuchita izi m'malo mwa Prosecutor General potengera kalata yochokera ku Central Bank, yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri potengera ndalama za crypto. Ziweruzo zikuperekedwabe kwa mwiniwake wa ma ATM a crypto. Mwachitsanzo, khothi la Arbitration of the Irkutsk Region mu June 2019 lidazindikira zomwe adachita kulanda ma ATM a BBFpro crypto ngati zovomerezeka ndipo adakana apiloyo.
Kuyika ndalama mu cryptocurrency
Wodandaula adayika ndalama ku MMM Bitcoin kuti alandire phindu la 10% pamwezi. Anataya ndalama zake ndipo anapita kukhoti. Komabe, khoti iye mu chipukuta misozi, kunena kuti: "Ntchito ya malonda cryptocurrency ndi zoopsa, palibe malamulo malamulo kwa mtundu uwu wa katundu, udindo wake malamulo si kufotokozedwa, ndi mwiniwake wa mtundu uwu wa ndalama pafupifupi ali ndi chiopsezo kutaya ndalama padera mu chuma chomwe sichiyenera kubwezeredwa."
Pankhani ina, wodandaulayo adapempha lamulo la "Pa Chitetezo cha Ufulu wa Ogula" kuti abweze ndalama zomwe zinayikidwa mu cryptocurrency. Khoti kuti kuyika ndalama pakusinthana kwa crypto sikuyendetsedwa ndi lamulo la "Pa Chitetezo cha Ufulu wa Ogula", ndipo wodandaula alibe ufulu wobweretsa mlanduwu kukhoti pamalo ake okhala. Lamulo la Chitaganya cha Russia "Pa Chitetezo cha Ufulu wa Ogula" silikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika ndi cryptocurrencies, chifukwa cholinga chogula malonda a digito ndi kupanga phindu. Ku Russia, simungathe kupita kukhoti ndi chigamulo chobwezera ndalama zogulira zizindikiro pamene mukuchita nawo ICO, kudalira lamuloli.
Nthawi zambiri, mabanki amakayikira kuchitapo kanthu ndi ma cryptocurrencies. Atha kuletsa maakaunti ngati izi zikuchitika. Izi ndi zomwe Sberbank anachita, ndipo khoti linagwirizana nazo. Mgwirizano wogwiritsa ntchito wa Sberbank umanena kuti ikhoza kuletsa khadi ngati banki ikukayikira kuti ntchitoyo ikuchitika ndi cholinga chololeza ndalama zomwe zimachokera ku umbanda kapena kuthandizira uchigawenga. Pankhaniyi, banki osati oletsedwa khadi, komanso chifukwa cholemeretsa mopanda chilungamo.
Koma kuyika ndalama za crypto mu likulu lovomerezeka la bungwe kumakhala kotheka. Mu Novembala 2019, Federal Tax Service kubweretsa cryptocurrency mu likulu lovomerezeka. Oyambitsa kampani ya Artel adaphatikizanso ndi Investor yemwe adapereka 0,1 bitcoin ku likulu lovomerezeka posinthana ndi 5% pantchitoyo. Kuti muwonjezere cryptocurrency ku likulu lovomerezeka, chikwama chamagetsi chidawunikidwa ndikuvomera ndikusamutsa malowedwe ndi mawu achinsinsi chifukwa chake zidapangidwa.
Migodi
Wodandaula kuthetsa mgwirizano wake wogula zida zamigodi, popeza ndalama za Bitcoin zidatsika ndipo adawona kuti migodi ikhala yowononga mphamvu komanso yosatheka zachuma. Khotilo likuwona kuti kusintha kwa ndalama za crypto sikusintha kwakukulu pazochitika, zomwe zingakhale zifukwa zothetsa mgwirizano wogula ndi kugulitsa. Apiloyo inakanidwa.
Zida za migodi zimaganiziridwa ndi khoti kuti ndi katundu wopangira bizinesi, osati zogwiritsira ntchito payekha komanso pakhomo. Ndalama za Crypto khoti lidachitcha "mtundu wa njira zandalama." Khotilo linaganiza zobwezera ndalama za katundu wogulidwa kale, koma kukana malipiro a kuwonongeka kwa makhalidwe, popeza woimbidwa mlandu sanawononge khalidwe ndi thupi kwa nzika inayake. Wodandaulayo adagula katundu wa 17, ndipo khotilo linanena kuti ngakhale gawo limodzi la katundu wa migodi ndi umboni wa ntchito zamalonda.
Pankhani ina mlanduwo pamene Ershov adalamula kugula zida zamigodi kuchokera ku Khromov ndi migodi yowonjezera, ma bitcoins omwe adagwidwa nawo adatumizidwa ku akaunti ya Ershov. 9 bitcoins adakumbidwa, pambuyo pake Ershov adanena kuti sadzalipira zida ndi ndalama zamigodi, popeza migodi ya cryptocurrency idachepa. Zida zamigodi zidagulidwa m'malo mwa Ershov. Khotilo linakwaniritsa zofuna za Khromov za kusonkhanitsa ndalama pansi pa mgwirizano wa ngongole, chiwongoladzanja ndi ndalama zalamulo.
Otsutsawo adapita kukhoti chifukwa sanalandire phindu loyembekezeredwa kuchokera kumigodi. Khotilo lidakana chigamulocho chifukwa chakuti Bitcoin sichigwera mkati mwa tanthauzo la ndalama zamagetsi kapena njira yolipira, si ndalama zakunja, sizigwera pansi pa zinthu zaufulu wachibadwidwe, ndipo "zochitika zonse ndi kusamutsidwa kwa Bitcoins zimachitika. kuperekedwa ndi eni ake pangozi yawo komanso pachiwopsezo chawo. ” Malinga ndi khoti, Baryshnikov A.V. ndi Batura V.N., atagwirizana ndi zoperekedwa kwa ntchito zamigodi, adaganiza kuti akhoza kuwononga ndalama zilizonse kapena kuwononga (kutaya) komwe kungawachitikire chifukwa cha kuchedwa kapena kusatheka kwa kusamutsa pakompyuta. Khotilo linanenanso kuti zotayika sizikanakhala chifukwa cha kupereka kwawo ntchito zosakwanira, koma chifukwa cha kugwa kwa msika wa Bitcoin.
Kuletsa masamba ndi chidziwitso cha cryptocurrency
Chaka chatha ife za milandu yokhudzana ndi kutsekereza masamba omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chokhudza cryptocurrency. Ngakhale kuti zosankhazi sizinali zolimbikitsidwa mokwanira komanso zosavomerezeka ndi lamulo, ndipo takhazikitsa kale mchitidwe wochotsa zisankho zosaloledwa pa apilo, oweruza aku Russia akupitiriza kupanga zisankho kuti atseke zipata ndi chidziwitso chokhudza cryptocurrency. Chifukwa chake, mu Epulo 2019, Khothi Lachigawo la Khabarovsk lidatseka tsamba lawebusayiti lomwe lili ndi chidziwitso chokhudza bitcoins, ndikulamula kuti: "Zindikirani zambiri za "ndalama yamagetsi ya Bitcoin (bitcoin)" yomwe ili pa intaneti pazidziwitso ndi maukonde olankhulirana patsamba ndi adilesi. zomwe zatengedwa> zambiri, kugawa komwe kuli koletsedwa ku Russian Federation.
Popanga zigamulo zoterezi, makhoti amatchula zomwe Bank of Russia inafotokoza za pa January 27.01.2014, XNUMX, monga mwachitsanzo, khoti la m’chigawo cha Khabarovsk linachitira. Pamenepo. Mafotokozedwe a Banki Yaikulu amanena kuti kugulitsa ndi ndalama zenizeni ndi zongopeka ndipo zingaphatikizepo kuvomerezeka (kuchotsera) ndalama zomwe zimachokera ku umbanda ndi kupereka ndalama zauchigawenga. Komanso, oweruza m'zigamulo zawo amatchula 115-FZ "Polimbana ndi kuvomerezeka (kuchotsera) ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa kuchokera ku umbava ndi kulipirira uchigawenga." Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chidziwitso chokhudza ndalama za crypto sichikugwira ntchito pazifukwa zotsekereza malo, omwe angathe kuchitidwa ndi Roskomnadzor, Unduna wa Zam'kati ndi madipatimenti ena. Masamba omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chotere amaletsedwa ndi chigamulo cha khothi pambuyo pa mawu ochokera kwa woweruza milandu yemwe akuganiza kuti zambiri zokhudza cryptocurrencies zimawopseza maziko a anthu.
Mankhwala
Mu 2019, khothi lachigawo la Penza kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pankhani yazinthu, cryptocurrency imatchulidwa ngati ndalama zokhazikika. Khotilo lidawonetsa kuti omwe akuimbidwa mlanduwo adagwiritsa ntchito bitcoins kulandira malipiro, popeza maakaunti awo apakompyuta sanatchulidwe. Payokha, zinadziwika kuti "Chifukwa cha kusanthula kwa umboni wofufuzidwa, khoti linapezanso kukhalapo kwa V. A. Vyatkina, D. G. Samoilov. ndi Stupnikova A.P. cholinga chachindunji chochita bizinesi ndi bitcoin cryptocurrency, popeza omwe akuimbidwa mlanduwo adadziwa kuti malipiro amtunduwu, monga bitcoin cryptocurrency palokha, sagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zolipira boma m'gawo la Russian Federation. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mwa njira imeneyi, oimbidwa mlanduwo analembetsa mwalamulo ndalama zimene mwachionekere anazilandira kudzera m’njira zaupandu, ndipo m’njira imene imachititsa kukhala kovuta kwa mabungwe azamalamulo kuzindikira zimenezi.”
khotilo linakana ndondomeko ya woimbidwa mlanduyo kuti amakhulupirira kuti amagulitsa mankhwala otchedwa steroids m’malo mwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zina mwa zifukwa zomwe adadziwika kuti akudziwa za mlanduwu ndi "kufuna kulandira mphotho pazochita izi mu cryptocurrency."**" Ndizosangalatsa kuti dzina la cryptocurrency labisika mu chigamulo cha khothi lofalitsidwa.
Source: www.habr.com