Ariadne Conill, wopanga woyimba nyimbo wa Audacious, woyambitsa protocol ya IRCv3, komanso mtsogoleri wa gulu lachitetezo la Alpine Linux, adadzudzula mfundo za Free Software Foundation pazambiri za firmware ndi ma microcode, komanso malamulo a Respect Your Freedom initiative yomwe cholinga chake chinali. kutsimikizira kwa zida zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira pakuwonetsetsa zachinsinsi ndi ufulu wa ogwiritsa ntchito. Malinga ndi Ariadne, mfundo za Foundation zimalepheretsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zatha, kulimbikitsa opanga omwe akufuna ziphaso kuti asokoneze kamangidwe kawo ka hardware, kulepheretsa chitukuko cha njira zina zaulere za firmware, ndikuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera.
Vutoli limayamba chifukwa chakuti satifiketi ya "Lemekezani Ufulu Wanu" imatha kupezeka ndi chipangizo chomwe mapulogalamu onse operekedwa ayenera kukhala aulere, kuphatikiza firmware yodzaza pogwiritsa ntchito CPU yayikulu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, firmware yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zowonjezera zowonjezera zimatha kukhala zotsekedwa, ngati sizikutanthauza zosintha chipangizocho chikagwera m'manja mwa ogula. Mwachitsanzo, chipangizocho chiyenera kutumizidwa ndi BIOS yaulere, koma microcode yodzazidwa ndi chipset ku CPU, firmware ku zipangizo za I / O, ndi kasinthidwe ka maulumikizidwe amkati a FPGA angakhale otsekedwa.
Zomwe zimachitika kuti ngati firmware yaumwini imakwezedwa pakukhazikitsidwa ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito, zida sizingalandire satifiketi kuchokera ku Open Source Foundation, koma ngati firmware pazolinga zomwezo imayikidwa ndi chip chosiyana, chipangizocho chitha kutsimikiziridwa. Njirayi imaonedwa kuti ndi yolakwika, chifukwa poyamba firmware ikuwoneka, wogwiritsa ntchito amawongolera kutsitsa kwake, amadziwa za izo, akhoza kuchita kafukufuku wodziimira payekha, ndipo akhoza kusinthidwa mosavuta ngati analogue yaulere ikupezeka. Pachitsanzo chachiwiri, firmware ndi bokosi lakuda, lomwe ndi lovuta kuyang'ana ndi kukhalapo kwake komwe wogwiritsa ntchito sangadziwe, akukhulupirira zabodza kuti mapulogalamu onse ali pansi pa ulamuliro wake.
Monga chitsanzo cha zonyenga zomwe cholinga chake ndi kupeza satifiketi ya Respects Your Freedom, foni yamakono ya Librem 5 imaperekedwa, omwe amawapanga omwe, kuti apeze ndikugwiritsa ntchito zotsatsa, chizindikiro chotsatira zofunikira za Free Software Foundation, adagwiritsa ntchito osiyana purosesa kuti ayambitse zida ndikuyika firmware. Pambuyo pomaliza gawo loyambira, zowongolera zidasamutsidwa ku CPU yayikulu, ndipo purosesa yothandizira idazimitsidwa. Zotsatira zake, satifiketiyo ikanapezeka mwalamulo, popeza kernel ndi BIOS sizinakweze mabulogu a binary, koma kupatula kuyambitsa zovuta zosafunikira, palibe chomwe chikadasintha. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pamapeto pake zovuta zonsezi zidali pachabe ndipo Purism sanathe kupeza satifiketi.
Nkhani zachitetezo ndi kukhazikika zimabweranso kuchokera ku malingaliro a Open Source Foundation ogwiritsira ntchito Linux Libre kernel ndi Libreboot firmware, yochotsedwa mabulogu omwe adalowetsedwa mu hardware. Kutsatira izi kungayambitse kulephera kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo kubisala machenjezo okhudza kufunika kokhazikitsa zosintha za firmware kumatha kubweretsa zolakwika zosakonzedwa komanso zovuta zachitetezo (mwachitsanzo, osasintha ma microcode, dongosololi likhalabe pachiwopsezo cha Meltdown ndi Specter) . Kuyimitsa zosintha za ma microcode kumawonedwa ngati kopanda pake, chifukwa mtundu wophatikizidwa wa microcode womwewo, womwe umakhalabe ndi zovuta komanso zolakwika zosakonzedwa, umakwezedwa panthawi yoyambitsa chip.
Dandaulo linanso limakhudza kulephera kupeza satifiketi ya Respect Your Freedom pazida zamakono (chitsanzo chatsopano kwambiri chamalaputopu ovomerezeka chinayamba mu 2009). Kutsimikizika kwa zida zatsopano kumalepheretsedwa ndi matekinoloje ngati Intel ME. Mwachitsanzo, laputopu ya Framework imabwera ndi firmware yotseguka ndipo imayang'ana pa kuwongolera kwathunthu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, koma sizokayikitsa kuti Free Software Foundation ingavomerezepo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ma processor a Intel ndiukadaulo wa Intel ME (kuletsa Intel Management Engine, inu ikhoza kuchotsa ma modules onse a Intel ME kuchokera ku firmware , osati yokhudzana ndi kuyambika kwa CPU, ndikuyimitsa wolamulira wamkulu wa Intel ME pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosadziwika, yomwe, mwachitsanzo, imachitidwa ndi System76 ndi Purism mu laptops zawo).
Chitsanzo ndi laputopu ya Novena, yopangidwa motsatira mfundo za Open Hardware ndikuperekedwa ndi madalaivala otseguka ndi firmware. Popeza kugwira ntchito kwa GPU ndi WiFi mu Freescale i.MX 6 SoC kunkafunika kutsitsa mabulogu, ngakhale panalibe mitundu yaulere ya mabulosi awa yomwe ikuchitika, kuti atsimikizire Novena, Open Source Foundation idafuna kuti izi zitheke. zigawo kukhala umakaniko olumala. Zosintha zaulere zidapangidwa ndikuperekedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, koma chiphaso chikadalepheretsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuzigwiritsa ntchito popeza GPU ndi WiFi, zomwe zinalibe firmware yaulere panthawi yovomerezeka, zimayenera kukhala zolumala ngati zitatumizidwa ndi Respect Your. Sitifiketi yaufulu. Zotsatira zake, woyambitsa Novena anakana kulandira satifiketi ya Respect Your Freedom, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito adalandira zonse, osati chipangizo chochotsedwa.
Source: opennet.ru