Nkhani za chitetezo cha deta yaumwini, kutayikira kwawo ndi kukula kwa "mphamvu" ya makampani akuluakulu a IT akudandaula kwambiri osati ogwiritsa ntchito ma intaneti wamba, komanso oimira zipani zosiyanasiyana zandale. Ena, monga omwe ali kumanzere, akulingalira njira zokhwima, kuyambira pakupanga intaneti kukhala dziko lonse mpaka kusandutsa akuluakulu aukadaulo kukhala ma cooperative. Za njira zenizeni zomwe zili mbali iyi "perestroika kumbuyo" zikuchitikira m'mayiko angapo - mu nkhani yathu lero.
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Vuto ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, atsogoleri osatsutsika adatuluka mumsika wa IT - makampani omwe mayina awo ayamba kale kukhala mayina apanyumba amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu (nthawi zina lochulukirapo) m'magawo angapo a IT. Google kuposa 90% ya msika wa ntchito zosaka, ndi msakatuli wa Chrome pamakompyuta 56% ya ogwiritsa ntchito. Zomwe zili ndi Microsoft ndizofanana - pafupifupi 65% yamakampani omwe ali mdera lazachuma la EMEA (Europe, Middle East ndi Africa) ndi Office 365.
Mkhalidwe umenewu uli ndi mbali zake zabwino. Makampani akuluakulu amapanga ntchito zambiri - bwanji CNBC, Pakati pa 2000 ndi 2018, Facebook, Alphabet, Microsoft, Apple ndi Amazon adalemba antchito atsopano oposa milioni. Mabizinesi oterowo amasonkhanitsa zida zokwanira kuti achite kafukufuku wamkulu ndi chitukuko m'malo atsopano, nthawi zina omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, kuwonjezera pa ntchito zawo zazikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani akupanga zachilengedwe zawo, momwe ogwiritsa ntchito amathetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana - nthawi yomweyo amayitanitsa zinthu zonse zofunika, kuchokera ku golosale kupita ku zida, ku Amazon. Malinga ndi akatswiri, pofika 2021 zidzatero theka la msika waku America wa e-commerce.
Kukhalapo kwa zimphona za IT pamsika kumakhalanso kopindulitsa kwa osewera ake ena - osunga ndalama omwe amapanga ndalama pamsika wamasheya: magawo awo nthawi zambiri amakhala odalirika ndipo amabweretsa ndalama zokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Microsoft idatsimikizira zolinga zake zogula GitHub mu 2018, magawo ake ndi 1,27%.
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Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi akuluakulu a IT ndi chifukwa chodetsa nkhawa. Chachikulu ndichakuti makampani amaphatikiza zambiri zamunthu. Masiku ano asanduka chinthu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera kuzinthu zovuta zolosera zam'tsogolo mpaka kutsatsa kwachindunji. Kuphatikizika kwa ma data ambiri m'manja mwa kampani imodzi kumabweretsa zoopsa zambiri kwa anthu wamba komanso zovuta zina kwa woyang'anira.
Autumn 2017 za "kutuluka" kwa mbiri ya akaunti 3 biliyoni mu Tumblr, Fantasy ndi Flickr za Yahoo! Chiwerengero chonse cha chipukuta misozi chomwe kampani ikuyenera kulipira ndi 50 miliyoni madola. Ndipo mu Disembala 2019, akatswiri achitetezo azidziwitso nkhokwe yapaintaneti yokhala ndi mayina, manambala a foni ndi ma ID a ogwiritsa ntchito Facebook 267 miliyoni.
Zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa osati ogwiritsa ntchito okha, komanso maboma a mayiko ena - makamaka chifukwa sangathe kuwongolera zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi makampani a IT. Ndipo zimenezi, malinga ndi kunena kwa andale ena, “zimayambitsa chiwopsezo ku chitetezo cha dziko.”
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Kumadzulo, njira yothetsera vutoli imachokera kwa othandizira osiyanasiyana kumanzere ndi kumanzere. Mwa zina, akuganiza zopanga makampani akuluakulu a IT kukhala mabungwe azibizinesi kapena mabungwe, ndi maukonde apadziko lonse lapansi kuti azikhala padziko lonse lapansi ndikuwongoleredwa ndi boma (monga zinthu zina zachigawo). Lingaliro la kumanzere kuli motere: ngati ntchito zapaintaneti zasiya kukhala "mgodi wa golide" ndikuyamba kutengedwa ngati nyumba ndi ntchito zapagulu, kufunafuna phindu kutha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chilimbikitso "kugwiritsa ntchito" munthu payekha. deta idzachepa. Ndipo ngakhale zinali zochititsa chidwi, mayendedwe opita ku "Internet yogawidwa" m'maiko ena wayamba kale.
Infrastructure kwa anthu
Maboma angapo atero kale , kukhazikitsa ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ngati zofunika. Ku Spain, kupezeka kwa Webusaiti Yapadziko Lonse kumagawidwa m'gulu lomwelo monga telefoni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nzika iliyonse yadzikolo iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, mosasamala kanthu za komwe amakhala. Mu Greece uwu ndi ufulu, ambiri (Nkhani 5A).
Chitsanzo china ndi cha m’ma 2000, ku Estonia kuti apereke intaneti kumadera akutali a dziko - midzi ndi minda. Malinga ndi kunena kwa andale, Webusaiti Yadziko Lonse ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la moyo wa anthu m'zaka za zana la XNUMX ndipo liyenera kupezeka kwa aliyense.
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Poganizira kufunikira kwa intaneti - gawo lomwe limachita pokwaniritsa zosowa za anthu - mamembala akumanzere akuyitanitsa kuti ikhale yaulere, monga wailesi yakanema. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, Bungwe la Labor Party la Britain akukonzekera kusintha kwakukulu kupita ku intaneti yaulere ya fiber-optic mu pulogalamu yake yazisankho. Malinga ndi kuwerengera koyambirira, ntchitoyi idzawononga mapaundi 20 biliyoni. Mwa njira, akukonzekera kukweza ndalama kuti agwiritse ntchito misonkho yowonjezera pazimphona zapaintaneti monga Facebook ndi Google.
M'mizinda ina yaku America, opereka intaneti ali ndi maboma am'deralo ndi mabungwe. M’dzikoli muli anthu pafupifupi 900 maukonde awo omwe ali ndi burodibandi - komwe magawo onse a anthu amapeza intaneti yothamanga kwambiri. Zodziwika kwambiri - Mzinda wa Chattanooga ku Tennessee. Mu 2010, mothandizidwa ndi thandizo la federal, akuluakulu a boma adayambitsa gigabit network kwa anthu okhalamo. Masiku ano, zotulutsa zawonjezeka kufika pa gigabits khumi. Fibre optic yatsopano imalumikizananso ndi gridi yamagetsi ya Chattanooga, kotero anthu okhala mumzinda safunikiranso kufalitsa pamanja zowerengera zamamita. Akatswiri akuti maukonde atsopanowa amathandiza kusunga ndalama zokwana $50 miliyoni pachaka.
Ntchito zofanana ndi zimenezi zachitika - mwachitsanzo, ku Thomasville, komanso kumidzi - kum'mwera kwa Minnesota. Kumeneko, intaneti imaperekedwa ndi wothandizira RS Fiber, yomwe ili m'magulu a mizinda khumi ndi mafamu khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri.
Malingaliro ogwirizana ndi asosholisti amafotokozedwa nthawi ndi nthawi pamwamba pa boma la US. Kumayambiriro kwa 2018, kayendetsedwe ka Donald Trump Network ya 5G ndi katundu wa boma. Malinga ndi oyambitsa, njirayi idzalola kuti chitukuko chikhale chofulumira cha zomangamanga za dziko, kuonjezera kukana kwake kumenyana ndi ma cyber komanso kuonjezera moyo wa anthu. Ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa chaka chatha lingaliro la nationalizing zomangamanga . Koma n’zotheka kuti nkhaniyi idzabukanso m’tsogolo.
Kufikika kwa aliyense, kupezeka kwapaintaneti kotsika mtengo kapena kwaulere ndi chiyembekezo choyesa chomwe sichingalepheretse aliyense kutsutsidwa. Komabe, kuwonjezera pa hardware ndi zomangamanga, mapulogalamu ndi mapulogalamu amakhalabe gawo lofunikira pa intaneti. Zoyenera kuchita nawo, oimira ena a chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi magulu ena akumanzere amakhalanso ndi maganizo apadera - tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani yotsatira.
Pamalo timatsogolera . Kumeneko timalankhula za matekinoloje amtambo, IaaS ndi chitetezo chaumwini.
Tilinso ndi gawo "" Mmenemo timakudziwitsani za zatsopano zautumiki wathu.
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Source: www.habr.com