Memory - , ndipo ngakhale kuti akhala akuphunziridwa kwa nthawi yaitali, pali malingaliro ambiri onama - kapena osakhala olondola kwenikweni - ponena za izo.
Tidzakuuzani za otchuka kwambiri mwa iwo, kuphatikizapo chifukwa chake sikophweka kuiwala chirichonse, zomwe zimatipangitsa ife "kuba" kukumbukira kwa wina, ndi momwe kukumbukira zopeka kumakhudzira miyoyo yathu.
chithunzi - Unsplash
Kukumbukira zithunzi ndikutha "kukumbukira chilichonse"
Zithunzi kukumbukira ndi lingaliro lakuti munthu pa mphindi iliyonse akhoza kutenga mtundu wa nthawi yomweyo "chithunzithunzi" cha zenizeni ozungulira ndipo patapita nthawi "tingatenge" izo ku nyumba zachifumu za maganizo bwino. Kwenikweni, nthano iyi imachokera ku lingaliro (lonamanso) loti kukumbukira kwaumunthu kumalemba mosalekeza zonse zomwe munthu amawona pozungulira iye. Nthano iyi ndi yokhazikika komanso yokhazikika mu chikhalidwe chamakono - mwachitsanzo, inali ndondomeko iyi ya "kujambula kwa mnemonic" yomwe inachititsa kuti pakhale filimu yotchuka yotembereredwa kuchokera m'mabuku a "Ring" a Koji Suzuki.
Mu chilengedwe cha "Ring", izi zikhoza kukhala zenizeni, koma zenizeni, kukhalapo kwa "zana pa zana" kukumbukira zithunzi sikunatsimikizidwebe muzochita. Memory ndi yogwirizana kwambiri ndi kukonza ndi kumvetsetsa kwa chidziwitso; kudzizindikira komanso kudzizindikiritsa wekha zimakhudza kwambiri kukumbukira kwathu.
Chifukwa chake, asayansi amakayikira zonena kuti munthu wina amatha "kulemba" kapena "kujambula" zenizeni. Nthawi zambiri amatenga maola ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mawu okumbukira kukumbukira. Komanso, nkhani yoyamba ya kukumbukira "chithunzi" yofotokozedwa mu sayansi .
Tikukamba za ntchito ya Charles Stromeyer III. Mu 1970, adafalitsa nkhani m'magazini ya Nature ponena za Elizabeth, wophunzira wa Harvard yemwe amatha kuloweza masamba a ndakatulo m'chinenero chosadziwika pang'ono. Ndipo zochulukirapo - kuyang'ana ndi diso limodzi pa chithunzi cha madontho 10 osasintha, ndipo tsiku lotsatira ndi diso lina pa chithunzi chachiwiri chofanana, adatha kuphatikiza zithunzi zonse m'malingaliro ake ndi "kuwona" autostereogram yamitundu itatu.
Zowona, eni ena a kukumbukira kwapadera sanathe kubwereza kupambana kwake. Elizabeth mwiniwake nayenso sanayesenso mayeso - ndipo patapita nthawi anakwatiwa ndi Strohmeyer, zomwe zinawonjezera kukayikira kwa asayansi za "kutulukira" kwake ndi zolinga zake.
Pafupi ndi nthano ya kukumbukira zithunzi eideticism - Kutha kugwira ndi kuberekanso mwatsatanetsatane zithunzi zowoneka (ndipo nthawi zina zoseketsa, zomveka, zomveka komanso zonunkhiritsa) kwa nthawi yayitali. Malinga ndi umboni wina, Tesla, Reagan ndi Aivazovsky anali ndi kukumbukira kwapadera kwa eidetic; zithunzi za eidetics ndizodziwikanso pachikhalidwe chodziwika - kuchokera ku Lisbeth Salander kupita kwa Doctor Strange. Komabe, kukumbukira kwa eidetics sikulinso kumangongole - ngakhale sangathe "kubweza rekodi" ku mphindi ina iliyonse mosasamala ndikuwonanso zonse, mwatsatanetsatane. Eidetics, monga anthu ena, amafuna kutengapo mbali m'malingaliro, kumvetsetsa nkhaniyo, chidwi ndi zomwe zikuchitika kukumbukira - ndipo pakadali pano, kukumbukira kwawo kumatha kuphonya kapena kukonza zina.
Amnesia ndi kutaya kwathunthu kukumbukira
Nthano iyi imalimbikitsidwanso ndi nkhani za chikhalidwe cha pop - ngwazi-wozunzidwa ndi amnesia nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha zomwe zinachitika, amasiya kukumbukira zakale, koma nthawi yomweyo amalankhulana momasuka ndi ena ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala bwino poganiza. . Zoona zake nβzakuti amnesia amatha kuonekera mβnjira zambiri, ndipo zimene tafotokozazi nβzosiyana kwambiri.
chithunzi - Unsplash
Mwachitsanzo, ndi retrograde amnesia, wodwalayo sangakumbukire zochitika zomwe zisanachitike kuvulala kapena matenda, koma nthawi zambiri amakumbukira zambiri za autobiographical, makamaka za ubwana ndi unyamata. Pankhani ya anterograde amnesia, wozunzidwayo, m'malo mwake, amalephera kukumbukira zochitika zatsopano, koma, kumbali ina, amakumbukira zomwe zidamuchitikira asanavulale.
Mkhalidwe womwe ngwaziyo sangakumbukire kalikonse za m'mbuyomu zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi vuto la dissociative, mwachitsanzo, mkhalidwewo. . Pankhaniyi, munthu sakumbukira kalikonse za iye yekha ndi moyo wake wakale, Komanso, iye akhoza kubwera ndi yonena latsopano ndi dzina lake. Chifukwa cha mtundu uwu wa amnesia nthawi zambiri si matenda kapena kuvulala mwangozi, koma zochitika zachiwawa kapena kupsinjika maganizo - ndibwino kuti izi sizichitika kawirikawiri m'moyo kusiyana ndi mafilimu.
Dziko lakunja silikhudza kukumbukira kwathu
Ili ndi lingaliro lina lolakwika, lomwe limachokeranso ku lingaliro lakuti kukumbukira kwathu kumalemba molondola komanso mosasintha zochitika zomwe zimatichitikira. Poyamba, zikuwoneka kuti izi ndi zoona: chochitika china chachitika kwa ife. Tinazikumbukira. Tsopano, ngati kuli kofunikira, titha "kuchotsa" gawoli m'chikumbukiro chathu ndi "kusewera" ngati kanema.
Mwina fanizo ili ndiloyenera, koma pali "koma": mosiyana ndi filimu yeniyeni, kanema iyi idzasintha "ikaseweredwa" - malingana ndi zomwe takumana nazo zatsopano, chilengedwe, maganizo, ndi khalidwe la interlocutors. Pamenepa, sitikunena za bodza ladala - zingawonekere kwa wokumbukira kuti akunena nkhani imodzimodzi nthawi zonse - momwe zonse zidachitikira.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti kukumbukira sikungokhudza thupi, komanso kumanga anthu. Tikamakumbukira ndikuuza magawo ena a moyo wathu, nthawi zambiri timawasintha mosazindikira, poganizira zokonda za omwe amatitsogolera. Komanso, tingathe βkubwerekaβ kapena βkubaβ zokumbukira za anthu enaβndipo timachita bwino kwambiri.
Nkhani ya kubwereketsa kukumbukira ikuphunziridwa, makamaka, ndi asayansi a ku Southern Methodist University ku USA. Mmodzi wa iwo Zinapezeka kuti chodabwitsachi ndi chofala kwambiri - opitilira theka la omwe adafunsidwa (ophunzira aku koleji) adawona kuti adakumanapo pomwe wina yemwe amamudziwa adafotokozanso nkhani zawo mwa munthu woyamba. PanthaΕ΅i imodzimodziyo, ena amene anafunsidwa anali ndi chidaliro chakuti zimene zinakambidwanso zinachitikadi kwa iwo ndipo βsanamvedwe.β
Zokumbukira sizingabwerekedwe kokha, komanso kupangidwa - izi ndizo zomwe zimatchedwa kukumbukira zabodza. Pankhaniyi, munthuyo ali wotsimikiza kuti adakumbukira bwino izi kapena chochitikacho - nthawi zambiri izi zimakhudzanso zing'onozing'ono, ma nuances kapena mfundo zaumwini. Mwachitsanzo, mungathe "kukumbukira" momwe mnzanu watsopano adadziwonetsera kuti ndi Sergei, pamene dzina lake ndi Stas. Kapena "kumbukirani ndendende" momwe anayika ambulera m'thumba (iwo ankafuna kuikamo, koma adasokonezedwa).
Nthawi zina kukumbukira konyenga sikungakhale kopanda vuto: ndi chinthu chimodzi "kukumbukira" kuti munaiwala kudyetsa mphaka, ndi zina kuti mutsimikizire kuti munachita zolakwa ndikupanga "zikumbukiro" zatsatanetsatane za zomwe zinachitika. Gulu la asayansi ochokera ku yunivesite ya Bedfordshire ku England likuphunzira za mitundu iyi ya kukumbukira.
chithunzi - Unsplash
M'modzi mwa ake iwo anasonyeza kuti zikumbukiro zabodza za mlandu wonenedwa sizilipo kokha - zikhoza kupangidwa mwa kuyesa kolamuliridwa. Pambuyo pa zokambirana zitatu, 70% mwa omwe adachita nawo phunzirolo "adavomereza" kuti adachita chiwembu kapena kuba ali achinyamata ndipo "amakumbukira" tsatanetsatane wa "milandu" yawo.
Zokumbukira zabodza ndi gawo latsopano losangalatsa kwa asayansi; osati akatswiri amisala ndi akatswiri amisala okha, komanso akatswiri azaupandu akuthana nazo. Mbali iyi ya kukumbukira kwathu ikhoza kuwunikira momwe komanso chifukwa chake anthu amachitira umboni wonama ndikudziimba mlandu - sipamakhala cholinga choyipa nthawi zonse.
Memory imagwirizanitsidwa ndi malingaliro ndi mayanjano a anthu, imatha kutayika, kupangidwanso, kuba ndi kupangidwa - mwina zenizeni zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukumbukira kwathu zimakhala zochepa, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zosangalatsa, kuposa nthano ndi malingaliro olakwika ponena za izo.
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Source: www.habr.com