chithunzi - roboconstructor.ru
Fanizo lodziwika bwino linati mayi wachitsikana atanyamula mwana mβmanja mwake anatembenukira kwa munthu wanzeru nβkumufunsa kuti ayambire zaka ziti kulera ana ake, nkhalambayo inayankha kuti anachedwa ndi zaka zambiri monga mmene mwanayo analili kale. . Mkhalidwe wosankha ntchito yamtsogolo ndi yofanana. Zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu adziwe zomwe amakonda komanso zokonda za mwana, koma kusukulu ya sekondale mitundu yonse ya luso imayamba, ndipo panthawiyi zingakhale bwino kuti mudziwe kumene mungasunthire mwana wamkulu. Koma chinthu chimodzi chomwe tikudziwa kale ndichakuti pazaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi, kuyambira 30 mpaka 80% ya ntchito zizikhala ndi makina okhazikika.
Ma robotiki, cybernetics, ndi kumvetsetsa kwa ma aligorivimu ndi luso lomwe, mwachidziwikire, munthu sangakumane ndi ziyembekezo zosamveka ngati izi. Inde, mwinamwake, mofanana ndi kusintha kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ndi maloboti, lingaliro la ndalama zopanda malire lidzakulanso, koma n'zokayikitsa kuti mukufuna tsogolo lotere la mwana wanu.
Panopa pali njira zambiri zowonetsera mwamsanga omvera achichepere ndi achidwi zoyambira zamapulogalamu ndi ma robotiki. Zonsezi ndi zotsika mtengo, zosavuta kuphunzira, ndipo mkati mwa maola ochepa zimapereka chidziwitso cha zoyambira za ma aligorivimu ndi malingaliro a zida za cybernetic. Koma m'makalasi ndizosavuta kukumana ndi zovuta za nsanja izi - kukana kuvala kochepa (ndipo tiyeni tiyang'ane nazo, "kukaniza idiot" nawonso) pa bolodi, mapulogalamu olumikizirana omwe sakhala ochezeka kwa ana azaka 11-12, komanso ochepa. "masewera" chinthu.
Wopanga mapulogalamu odziwika kwambiri, LEGO Education, akhala akulimbana ndi zophophonya zonsezi kwazaka zopitilira makumi awiri. Tikulankhula za nsanja ya MINDSTORMS Education EV3. Kuchokera ku Mindstorms RCX yopangidwa koyambirira kwa 90s mpaka zovuta zamakono za MINDSTORMS Education EV3, mfundo yopangira nsanja imakhalabe yofanana. Zimakhazikitsidwa pa "njerwa yanzeru", microcomputer yokhala ndi chinsalu ndi madoko a I / O omwe zigawo zina zonse zimagwirizanitsidwa. Monga mu dongosolo lililonse la robotiki, zida zotumphukira zimagawidwa kukhala masensa ndi oyambitsa. Mothandizidwa ndi masensa, lobotiyo imazindikira dziko lozungulira, ndipo chifukwa cha zotsatira zake, imachita nawo mogwirizana ndi pulogalamu yokonzedwa. Zigawo za nsanja zimagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi zingwe zosavuta popanda soldering, ndipo makina opangira makina amachepetsedwa ndi mphamvu za zigawo za pulasitiki ndi malingaliro a okonzawo.
Tidakambirana za kuthekera kwa mayankho otere, koma tsopano tikufuna kukhala mwatsatanetsatane pa LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3.
Zamgululi
LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3 idapangidwa kuti ikhale yogwirizana ndi magawo a Lego Technic. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nsanja ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mapangidwe osiyanasiyana komanso odabwitsa, kuchokera ku "magalimoto" osavuta ndi "manja a robotic" kupita ku zotengera zovuta kapena ngakhale "Rubik's cube solvers." Pafupifupi seti iliyonse ya Lego Technic ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gwero la magawo azinthu zama projekiti, ndipo sipadzakhala vuto m'malo mwa zida zowonongeka. Inde, iwo samawoneka ankhanza ngati zida zakale za Soviet aluminiyamu zomangira, koma pochita zinthu zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa zida zachitsulo. Osachepera m'magulu anga, omwe adayamba mu 1993, palibe gawo limodzi losweka lomwe lapezeka.
MINDSTORMS Education EV3 Basic Educational Set imabwera ndi zidutswa 541 za Lego Technic. Itha kugulidwa ngati mwapadera gwero monga (kapena 9648 yakale, yopangidwira NXT), kapena wopanga mtundu waukulu (2800 magawo) kapena (pafupifupi magawo a 4000), ndipo, atasewera mokwanira ndi chitsanzo chachikulu, agwiritseni ntchito ngati "njerwa" pazoyesera za cybernetic. Pankhani ya chidutswa chimodzi, Lego ili patsogolo kwambiri kuposa ena apa - ma ruble 3-5 okha pa chidutswa.
Chabwino, ngati wina ali ndi chosonkhanitsa chakale chomwe chimaphatikizapo magawo masauzande ambiri, ndiye kuti simudzadandaula ndi zothandizira konse.
Chithunzi chojambula kuchokera ku Brickset service (nkhokwe ya eni ake a Lego building kits yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wotolera ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana) ndi wolemba
Komabe, izi zimangogwira ntchito kuzinthu "zopanda" monga matabwa, mawilo kapena zikhomo zolumikizira. Zomverera ndi zowunikira, zachidziwikire, ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma pali zochuluka kuposa zomwe zili mu zida zoyambira. Mindstorms EV3 imabwera yathunthu ndi ma motors atatu (awiri akulu ndi amphamvu kwambiri ndi amodzi ophatikizika servo), masensa awiri okhudza (mtundu wa mabatani "anzeru"), ma ultrasonic, gyroscopic ndi masensa amtundu (amatha kugwiranso ntchito mumayendedwe opepuka a sensor) . Kuphatikiza apo, kuyanjana ndi masensa a m'badwo wakale wa ma robot a Lego Education, Mindstorms NXT, kumasungidwa (izi zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, sensa ya phokoso).
Koma tiyeni tibwerere ku "njerwa yanzeru", mtima wa dongosolo. Izi ndi "njerwa" zolemera komanso zowoneka bwino, zokhala ndi chophimba cha LCD cha 178x128 monochrome (osati menyu yokhayo yomwe imawonetsedwa, komanso mitundu yonse yazithunzi zomwe zimagwira ntchito) zokhala ndi mtundu wosinthika wakumbuyo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawaya okhala ndi cholumikizira chokhazikika cha RJ-12, masensa ndi zolumikizira zimalumikizidwa kwa izo (mpaka zida zinayi zamtundu uliwonse), pali kagawo ka microSDHC ndi doko la USB.
Zomalizazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsitsa mapulogalamu okha komanso kusinthira firmware. Komabe, ma microcontroller samasowa zolumikizira zopanda zingwe; ngati mukufuna, mutha kutsitsa mapulogalamu kudzera pa Wi-Fi (imafuna gawo lakunja) kapena Bluetooth (yomangidwa). Komanso, ngati tikusonkhanitsa loboti yoyendetsedwa ndi kutali, titha "kuwongolera" pogwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana ndi zingwe kuchokera pa foni yam'manja kapena piritsi.
Mkati mwa "njerwa yanzeru" mumakhala purosesa ya 300 MHz ARM, 16 megabytes ya kukumbukira kosatha (ndicho chifukwa chake khadi ndi lothandiza) ndi 64 megabytes ya RAM. Ziribe kanthu momwe ziwerengerozi zingawonekere zochepetsetsa, pali mphamvu yochulukirapo yochitira ngakhale ma aligorivimu okulirapo omwe inu, kapenanso mwana mukuphunzira, mutha kulemba. Ndipo ngati mufananiza ndi purosesa ya 48 MHz ya m'badwo wakale wa NXT, womwe posachedwapa unasintha zaka khumi, kupita patsogolo kumawonekera kwambiri. Komabe, sizinganenedwe kuti NXT imachepetsa pang'onopang'ono pothana ndi mavuto ena onse.
Kuphatikiza apo, doko lachinayi lamagetsi lawonekera, lomwe palokha ndikukulitsa kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito omwe amatsimikizira kukweza.
Doko la USB tsopano limathandizira mawonekedwe a host, izi zimakulolani kuti musamangolumikiza adaputala ya Wi-Fi, komanso kulumikiza ma block angapo a EV3 mu robot imodzi yovuta. Zowona, kuchuluka kwa ntchito kumakhala "osati kwachibwana".
Pomaliza, MINDSTORMS Education EV3 tsopano ili ndi chithandizo cha batri. M'malo mwa mabatire asanu ndi limodzi a AA, mutha kukhazikitsa batire ya lithiamu-ion yophatikizidwa kwa maola awiri ndi theka ampere. Zachidziwikire, palibe amene amaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire amtundu wa eneloop AA, koma kufunikira kowachotsa kuti kulipiritsa kumapangitsa kuti magwiritsidwe ntchito akhale ochepa. Ndipo mtengo wa zida za eneloop zokhala ndi charger ndizofanana ndi batire yodziwika.
O inde, pali choyankhulira chachikulu, chokweza chomwe sichingangoyimba nyimbo za retro kuyambira nthawi ya 8-bit, komanso kuyimba mawu osangalatsa.
Tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa effectors kuchokera pazoyambira. Awiri aiwo ndi ma mota amphamvu ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale mu NXT, zida za oblong zomwe zimapanga torque yayikulu chifukwa cha zida zochepetsera mkati.
Ngati injini yatsekedwa, makina amakina amaperekedwa, omwe amayamba kutsetsereka ngati kukangana kuli kwakukulu kuposa komwe kuwerengedwera, kotero kumakhala kovuta kuwotcha mota.
Pali kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kali ndi lingaliro la digiri imodzi (motor imauza wolamulira pa ngodya yomwe nsonga yake ikuzungulira) komanso kutha kugwirizanitsa molondola kuzungulira kwa ma motors onse ogwirizana.
Yachitatu, yotchedwa M-servo drive (motor-size-size) imapanga torque yocheperako katatu, koma kuthamanga kwake kumakhala pafupifupi kawiri.
Ponena za masensa, simuyenera kungokhala ndi zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi LEGO Education (ngakhale zili padenga la projekiti iliyonse yamaphunziro), makampani angapo a chipani chachitatu amapanga masensa ogwirizana ndipo nthawi zina achilendo. Firmware source code ndi hardware specifications mokwanira .
Software
Tayankhula zambiri za hardware, koma kwenikweni, sizinthu zokha zomwe zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa makalasi a robotics. Ndi kukhalapo kwa mapulogalamu moona mwachilengedwe pa nsanja angapo (Mac, PC, mafoni zipangizo) ndi imapangitsa LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3 kukhala nsanja yophunzirira, makamaka pakati pa sukulu ya pulaimale ndi sekondale, kwa ana azaka khumi.
Pulogalamu yolandila yolandila pa iPad
Kuwona ma aligorivimu mu mbadwa LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3 mapulogalamu ndi chabe pa mlingo wapamwamba - mu mphindi zochepa zokwanira kudziwa mitundu ikuluikulu ya mogwirizana midadada zomveka (kusintha zinthu, kuzungulira, etc.) ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono kuonjezera mlingo zovuta mapulogalamu. Zachidziwikire, pali mapulojekiti ophunzirira okonzeka amitundu yambiri yamaloboti, ndipo ngati mungafune, mutha kupeza mapulogalamu osangalatsa masauzande ambiri pa intaneti.
Chitsanzo cha pulogalamu mu pulogalamu ya iPad
Ogwiritsa ntchito apamwamba amatha kukhazikitsa LabVIEW kapena RobotC - "ubongo" wa LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3 umagwirizana kwathunthu ndi mapaketiwa. Tsoka ilo, sizingatheke kutumiza mapulojekiti akale a NXT popanda kutembenuka kwina.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a maphunziro, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri . Zimakupatsani mwayi wosunga zolemba pakompyuta za ophunzira, chifukwa chomwe mphunzitsi amatha kuwona bwino kwa wophunzira wina kuchokera ku mtundu wake wa pulogalamuyo ndikuwunika momwe akuyendera. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito osati zida zophunzitsira zokha zomwe zili papulogalamuyo (yomwe ilipo zambiri), komanso pangani zanu pogwiritsa ntchito cholembera chokhazikika.
Makanema ophunzirira a EV3 Content Editor
Mtundu wa desktop ulinso ndi chojambulira cha data ndi kuthekera kokonza madera a ma graph kutengera zomwe zimayambira. Ndiko kuti, tsopano mphunzitsi akhoza kusonyeza mosavuta ntchito zamakono zamakono mkati mwa nyumba yanzeru, mwachitsanzo.
EV3 microcomputer idzasonkhanitsa deta kuchokera ku masensa mu nthawi yeniyeni ndipo, malingana ndi kutentha, iyambitsa pulogalamu imodzi kapena ina. Kutentha kukakhala kotentha, fani imayatsa, ndipo kutentha kukakhala kochepa, chotenthetsera chimayatsa. Ndipo ophunzira adzatha kulemba ndi kusanthula deta, kutsiriza chitsanzo.
Data Logging
Kutseguka kwa firmware ya "njerwa yanzeru" idasewera kale: pali zosankha zina zomwe zimathandizira zilankhulo zodziwika bwino (zambiri mwazo). Mwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito EV3 kumatha "kulumikizidwa" ku ntchito iliyonse yophunzitsa yokhudzana ndi mapulogalamu, popeza ndi zinthu zochepa zomwe zimasangalatsa ngati mwayi wowona ntchito ya ma algorithms anu "mu Hardware."
Ambiri amayembekezera kuti chopunthwitsa mβnkhaniyi chingakhale mtengo wake. Inde, pa Basic set muyenera kulipira ma ruble 29, kuphatikiza ena 900 pakulipiritsa. Komabe, ndalamazi zikuphatikizapo zigawo ndi zamagetsi kwa ntchito yabwino ya ophunzira awiri, komanso pulogalamu yokhazikika yokhazikika yokhala ndi maphunziro okonzeka 2 (omwe kuyambira Januwale 500 ndi aulere kwathunthu kwa anthu ndi mabungwe). Zachidziwikire, zida zowonjezera ndi zida zaumishoni zitha kukulitsa mtengo, koma mwanzeru. Chifukwa chake zida za ophunzira 48, kuphatikiza zoyambira ndi zothandizira zimakhazikitsa LME EV2016, ma charger, mapulogalamu ndi , idzawononga ndalama zokwana 174. Zovomerezeka kwambiri zopangira zida, mwachitsanzo, bwalo kusukulu.
Inde, ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa nsanja zosavuta za Arduino. Koma mwayi, komanso mlingo wokhudzidwa, ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. Maphunziro a EV3 atha kukonzedwa bwino kusukulu yasekondale ndi kupitilira apo. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3 "idzakhalabe" zida zingapo zosavuta chifukwa cha makina amakina, kusinthika kosavuta komanso kupezeka kwa magawo (muzochita zanga, chingwe chimodzi chokha cha RJ-12 chomwe chimafunikira kusinthidwa m'zaka 10- NXT yakale).
Zotsatira zake, tikuwona pulojekiti yotseguka yothandizidwa ndi kampani yayikulu yokhala ndi mabonasi onse ofunikira pazochitika zotere - moyo wautali wautali, kupezeka kwa zida zosinthira ndi zowonjezera, maupangiri ovomerezeka ndi amateur, gulu lotukuka. Mindstorm yakhala pafupifupi muyezo m'makalasi aku Western maphunziro a robotics kwa ana, ndipo zingakhale zabwino kwambiri kuziwona zikuvomerezedwa ku Russia.
Kusankha njira
Ndipo tsopano ku chinthu chachikulu. Mosiyana ndi ma seti a WeDo 2.0, EV3 imayang'ana kusukulu yasekondale, motero kwa ana okulirapo, omwe nkhani yosankha ntchito yamtsogolo ndiyovuta kwambiri.
Pogwiritsa ntchito EV3, wophunzira aliyense azitha kuwulula mwachangu maluso omwe anali nawo mwachilengedwe, kulera komanso maphunziro.
Katswiri wa masamu wobadwa adzayang'anitsitsa telemetry ya masensa, momwe mtunda woyenda ndi robot umalembedwera, momwe mbali yomwe imapatuka imalembedwera, ndi zina zotero.
Katswiri wamtsogolo wa IT, ndithudi, adzadzipereka yekha pakupanga loboti, kusanthula ma algorithms omwe amayenda. Ndipo ndithu, adzalenga zake, zosaperekedwa ndi malangizo.
Mwana yemwe ali ndi chidwi ndi sayansi ya sayansi adzatha kuyesa zowoneka mothandizidwa ndi loboti; Mwamwayi, ma seti alibe vuto ndi masensa, monga momwe mwanayo alibe vuto ndi malingaliro.
Ponseponse, ziribe kanthu zomwe mwana wanu amakonda komanso maphunziro omwe amakonda kusukulu, kuphunzira ndi MINDSTORMS EV3 seti kumawalola kuwunikira momveka bwino komanso kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukula kwake mtsogolo.
M'moyo
Pakalipano, mayankho a kampani akugwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi ophunzira kuti apange ntchito zosangalatsa, monga mbali ya mpikisano wosiyanasiyana komanso chitukuko chambiri. Oulutsa nkhani analemba za angapo a iwo chaka chino.
Ana asukulu a Astrakhan Ruslan Kazimov ndi Mikhail Gladyshev, omwe amakhala kudera laukadaulo laukadaulo, adapanga makina oyeserera a robotic kuti athe kukonzanso mafupa.
chithunzi - rg.ru
Ana a giredi 3 adakhala miyezi yosachepera iwiri akupanga makina oyeserera. Iwo anapereka ntchito yawo pa siteji chigawo cha IX All-Russian mpikisano wa ntchito sayansi ndi nzeru mu Southern Federal District, kumene anatenga malo achiwiri. M'tsogolomu, akukonzekera kupanga chitsanzo cha mafakitale - pakadali pano, opanga akungopereka chitsanzo chopangidwa kuchokera ku LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EVXNUMX yophunzitsa robotic seti.
Chipangizocho chimapanganso mayendedwe ochitidwa ndi dokotala - mafupa amayamba kugwira ntchito, potero kubwezeretsanso kuyenda kwa iwo okha, komanso magulu a minofu. Ngakhale kuti zipangizo zimalumikizidwa kudzera pa Bluetooth, m'tsogolomu zidzalumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito intaneti kapena Wi-Fi.
Pali ma analogi a chipangizo choterocho pamsika, koma chipangizo cha Astrakhan chimatha kugwira ntchito nthawi imodzi ndi mapewa, dzanja ndi zigongono. Komanso, ndi kunyamula ndi batire ntchito. Palinso kuthekera kwakutali, ndiko kuti, wodwala akhoza kuphunzitsa popanda kuchoka kunyumba.
Pa World Robotic Olympiad 2015 (WRO 2015), gulu la Russia la DRL kuchokera ku St.
Gulu la ku Russia la DRL linapereka ntchito ya CaveBot. Anyamata ochokera ku St. Petersburg, motsogozedwa ndi mphunzitsi Sergei Filippov, adapanga katswiri wofufuza maloboti kuti apeze malo omwe sanawonekere m'mapanga. Kukulaku kumakhudza magawo osiyanasiyana asayansi, popeza loboti yapadera imapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana.
Gululo linapanga loboti yokwera yokhala ndi masensa osiyanasiyana kuti azindikire zinthu zomwe zingawafufuze. Zotsatira zake zitha kusinthidwa kukhala zitsanzo za 3D pakompyuta.
Ndipo Shubham Banerjee wazaka 13 adapanga Akhungu opangidwa kuchokera ku zidutswa za LEGO za pulojekiti ya sayansi yakusukulu. Pambuyo pake, ndi banja lake, chiyambi chinalengedwa kuti chiyambe, chomwe chinalandira thandizo la ndalama kuchokera ku Intel Technology Corporation.
(Chithunzi: Marcio Jose Sanchez, AP)
Lingaliro lopanga chosindikizira linabwera kwa Shubham atafufuza za zilembo za anthu akhungu pa intaneti. Pozindikira kuti makina osindikizira a touchper amawononga $2,000 kupita mmwamba, wophunzirayo adaganiza zopanga mtundu wotchipa.
Atangopanga kumene, ana akhungu ndi makolo awo anayamba kulankhulana ndi Shubham ndi pempho limodzi - kupanga chosindikizira cha Braille chotsika mtengo, ndikulonjeza "kuchigula pa alumali."
Monga mukuonera, kugwiritsa ntchito MINDSTORMS Education EV3 pophunzira kumathandiza ophunzira kuti agwiritse ntchito malingaliro awo pazipita, kupanga njira zatsopano zomwe sizimangothandiza kuzindikira malingaliro kapena zowoneka kuchita zoyeserera zilizonse, komanso kuyamba kusankha. ntchito yawo yamtsogolo.
Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho awa pamaphunziro (kapena zazinthu zomwe zili), lembani mu ndemanga.
Source: www.habr.com