Lennart Pottering adapitilizabe kufalitsa malingaliro okonzanso zida za boot za Linux ndikuyang'ana momwe zidalili ndi magawo obwereza a boot. Kusakhutira kudayamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kukonza zoyambira za magawo awiri a disk omwe ali ndi mafayilo osiyanasiyana, omwe amayikidwa pazidutswa - gawo la / boot/efi potengera fayilo ya VFAT yokhala ndi zida za EFI firmware (EFI System Partition) ndi / boot. magawo otengera ext4, btrfs kapena xfs file system, yomwe imakhala ndi Linux kernel ndi initrd zithunzi, komanso zoikamo za bootloader.
Zinthu zimakulitsidwa chifukwa chakuti gawo la EFI ndilofala pamakina onse, ndipo kugawa kwa boot ndi kernel ndi initrd kumapangidwa padera pagawidwe lililonse la Linux, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kopanga magawo owonjezera pakuyika magawo angapo pagawo. dongosolo. Kuphatikiza apo, kufunikira kothandizira machitidwe osiyanasiyana amafayilo kumatsogolera ku bootloader yovuta kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kuyika kwa zisa kumalepheretsa kukhazikitsa kokhazikika (gawo la / boot / efi litha kukhazikitsidwa pokhapokha / boot partition itakhazikitsidwa. ).
Lennart adanenanso kuti agwiritse ntchito gawo limodzi lokha la boot ngati kuli kotheka ndipo, pamakina a EFI, kuyika kernel ndi zithunzi za initrd pagawo la VFAT / efi mwachisawawa. Pamakina opanda EFI, kapena ngati pakukhazikitsa gawo la EFI lilipo kale (OS ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito mofananira) ndipo mulibe malo okwanira omasuka mmenemo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo losiyana / boot ndi mtundu XBOOTLDR (gawo la / efi mu Gawo la magawo ndi la mtundu wa ESP). Akufuna kupanga magawo a ESP ndi XBOOTLDR m'makalata osiyana (mosiyana phiri / efi ndi / boot m'malo mwa phiri / boot / efi), kuwapangitsa kuti azidziwikiratu komanso azidziwikiratu mwa kudziwika ndi mtundu wa XBOOTLDR patebulo logawa (popanda kulembetsa magawo mu /etc/fstab).
Gawo la / boot lidzakhala lofanana ndi magawo onse a Linux omwe amaikidwa pa kompyuta, ndipo mafayilo ogawa adzapatulidwa pa gawo la subdirectory (kugawa kulikonse komwe kumayikidwa kumakhala ndi subdirectory yake). Mogwirizana ndi machitidwe okhazikitsidwa komanso zofunikira za UEFI, mafayilo a VFAT okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gawo la gawo la EFI. Kuti mugwirizanitse ndi kumasula bootloader ku zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana a mafayilo, akulangizidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito VFAT ngati fayilo ya / boot partition, yomwe ingathandize kwambiri kukhazikitsidwa kwa zigawo zomwe zikugwira ntchito kumbali ya bootloader zomwe zimapeza deta mu / boot ndi / efi magawo. Kulumikizana kudzalola kuthandizira kofanana kwa magawo onse awiri (/ boot ndi / efi) pakukweza kernel ndi zithunzi za initrd.
Source: opennet.ru