Ndili mwana, mwina ndinali wodana ndi Ayuda. Ndipo zonse chifukwa cha iye. Ndi uyu.
Nthawi zonse ankandikwiyitsa. Ndinkangokonda nkhani zabwino kwambiri za Paustovsky za mphaka wakuba, bwato la rabara, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo yekhayo anawononga chirichonse.
Kwa nthawi yayitali sindimamvetsetsa chifukwa chake Paustovsky anali kucheza ndi Fraerman uyu? Mtundu wina wa caricature Myuda, ndipo dzina lake ndi wopusa - Rubeni. Ayi, ndithudi, ndinkadziwa kuti iye anali mlembi wa buku lakuti "The Wild Dog Dingo, kapena Tale of First Love," koma izi zinangowonjezera mkhalidwewo. Ayi, sindinawerenge bukuli, ndipo sindinakonzekere kutero. Ndi mnyamata wodzilemekeza uti amene angawerenge buku lokhala ndi mutu wonyezimira ngati “Captain Blood’s Odyssey” sanawerengedwe kachisanu?
Ndipo Paustovsky ... Paustovsky anali ozizira. Wolemba wabwino kwambiri, pazifukwa zina ndidamvetsetsa izi ndili mwana.
Ndipo pamene ndinakula ndikuphunzira za maina atatu a Nobel Prize, kutchuka kwa mayiko, ndi Marlene Dietrich pogwada pamaso pa wolemba wake wokondedwa, ndinamulemekeza kwambiri.
Ndipo momwe ndimamulemekeza kwambiri pamene, pokhala wanzeru, ndinawerenganso mabuku ake ... Paustovsky sanangowona zambiri ndikumvetsetsa zambiri m'dziko lino - anali wanzeru. Ndipo uwu ndi khalidwe losowa kwambiri. Ngakhale pakati pa olemba.
Makamaka pakati pa olemba.
Panthawi yomweyi, ndinazindikira chifukwa chake amacheza ndi Fraerman.
Ndipo pambuyo pa nkhani yaposachedwa ya ziwanda za Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni, ndinaganiza zokuuzani inunso.
***
Nthaŵi zonse ndakhala ndikudzifunsa chifukwa chake mafilimu owopsa anapangidwa okhudza Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lathu, imene anthu ankalira, pamene Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni inali yokopa zosangalatsa. Makamaka mitundu yonse ya "kum'mawa" kosangalatsa ngati "White Sun of the Desert" kapena "The Elusive Avengers" adajambulidwa za iye.
Ndipo patapita nthawi ndinazindikira kuti ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "substitution" mu psychology. Kumbuyo kwa zosangalatsa izi adatibisa kuchowonadi ponena za zomwe Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni inalidi.
Ndikhulupirireni, pali nthawi zina pomwe chowonadi sichowona chomwe muyenera kudziwa.
M'mbiri, monga masamu, pali axioms. Mmodzi wa iwo akuti: mu Russia palibe choipa kuposa Nthawi ya Mavuto.
Panalibe nkhondo, miliri inali pafupi. Munthu aliyense womizidwa m'zikalatazi adzabwereranso modzidzimutsa ndikubwereza pambuyo pa katswiri wodabwitsa yemwe adaganiza zophunzira za chipwirikiti cha Pugach: "Mulungu asalole kuti tiwone kupanduka kwa Russia ...".
Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni sinali yoopsa chabe - inali chinthu choposa.
Sindimatopa kubwereza - inali gehena yomwe idalowa padziko lapansi, kupambana kwa Inferno, kuwukiridwa kwa ziwanda komwe kudalanda matupi ndi mizimu ya anthu okhala mwamtendere posachedwa.
Koposa zonse, zimawoneka ngati mliri wamalingaliro - dziko lidapenga ndipo lidachita chipolowe. Kwa zaka zingapo kunalibe mphamvu konse; dzikolo linkalamulidwa ndi magulu ang’onoang’ono ndi akulu ankhondo amisala omwe ankathamangira mopanda cholinga, kudyerana ndi kusefukira nthaka ndi magazi.
Ziwandazo sizinalekerere aliyense, zinayambitsa matenda a Reds ndi Azungu, osauka ndi olemera, zigawenga, anthu wamba, Russia, ndi alendo. Ngakhale Czechs, amene moyo wamba ndi hobbits mtendere. Ankawanyamulira kale m’sitima zapamtunda, koma nawonso anadwala, ndipo magazi anatuluka kuchokera ku Penza kupita ku Omsk.
Ndingokuuzani za gawo limodzi lankhondoyo, yomwe pambuyo pake idatchedwa "Chochitika cha Nikolaev". Sindidzanenanso mwatsatanetsatane, ndingopereka ndondomeko yaikulu ya zochitika.
Panali, monga anganene lero, woyang'anira munda wa "wofiira" wotchedwa Yakov Tryapitsyn. Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti anali munthu wodabwitsa. Msilikali wakale yemwe adakhala msilikali kuchokera paudindo ndi fayilo mu Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, ndipo akadali msilikali adalandira Mitanda iwiri ya St. George. Anarchist, pa Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni anamenyana ndi White Czechs omwewo ku Samara, kenako anapita ku Siberia ndikufika ku Far East.
Tsiku lina adalimbana ndi lamuloli, ndipo, osakhutira ndi chisankho choyimitsa nkhondo mpaka kufika kwa mbali za Red Army, adachoka ndi anthu okhulupirika kwa iye, omwe anali 19 okha. Ngakhale izi, adalengeza kuti iye anali kupita kubwezeretsa mphamvu Soviet pa Amur ndipo anapita pa ndawala - kale ndi anthu 35.
Pamene chiwembucho chinkapitirira, gululo linakula ndipo anayamba kulanda midzi. Ndiye mutu wa asilikali Nikolaevsk-pa-Amur, likulu lenileni la malo amenewo, msilikali woyera Medvedev anatumiza gulu motsogozedwa ndi msilikali Vits kukumana Tryapitsyn. Azungu adaganiza zochotsa Reds asanakhale ndi mphamvu.
Atakumana ndi asilikali chilango, Tryapitsyn, kulengeza kuti iye ankafuna kupewa kukhetsa magazi, anadza kwa Azungu kukambirana. Mphamvu ya chikoka cha munthu uyu inali yaikulu kwambiri, kuti posakhalitsa, mu gulu la Vitz, chipwirikiti chinayambika, msilikaliyo ndi otsalira ochepa okhulupirika adapita ku De-Kastri Bay, ndipo ambiri mwa asilikali aposachedwapa adalowa nawo gulu la Tryapitsyn.
Popeza panalibe asilikali otsala ku Nikolaevsk - pafupifupi omenyana 300 okha, Whites mu Nikolaevsk anaitana Japanese kuteteza mzindawo. Izi, ndithudi, zinali zabwino, ndipo posakhalitsa asilikali a ku Japan anaikidwa mumzindawo - anthu 350 motsogoleredwa ndi Major Ishikawa. Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi anthu 450 a ku Japan ankakhala mumzindawu. Monga m'mizinda yonse ya Kum'mawa, panali anthu ambiri aku China ndi aku Korea, kuphatikizanso, gulu la mabwato amfuti aku China, motsogozedwa ndi Commodore Chen Shin, omwe analibe nthawi yopita ku banki yaku China ya Amur isanachitike, adakhala. yozizira ku Nikolaevsk.
Mpaka masika ndi madzi oundana anasweka, onse anali atatsekeredwa mumzinda, kumene kunalibe kochoka.
Kulowa kwa asitikali aku Japan ku Nikolaevsk-on-Amur mu 1918. Major Ishikawa adachitidwa padera m'ngolo yokokedwa ndi akavalo.
Komabe, posakhalitsa, atapanga ulendo wachisanu womwe sunachitikepo, "gulu lankhondo" la Tryapitsyn lamphamvu 2 likuyandikira mzindawo, pomwe panali Reuben Fraerman, yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka, wophunzira waposachedwa ku Kharkov Institute of Technology, yemwe, pambuyo pake. chaka chachitatu, adatumizidwa kukachita mafakitale panjanji ku Far East. Apa iye anagwidwa ndi Civil War, amene anatenga mbali ya Reds ndipo tsopano anali mmodzi wa agitators Tryapitsyn.
Mzindawu unali utazingidwa.
Ndipo kuvina kwamagazi kwautali komanso koopsa kwa ziwanda za Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni kunayamba.
Zonse zinayamba zazing'ono - ndi anthu awiri, nthumwi zofiira Orlov-Ovcharenko ndi Shchetnikov, omwe anaphedwa ndi azungu.
Ndiye Reds amafalitsa asilikali a linga la Chnyrrakh, lomwe limayang'anira njira za Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, ndipo linalanda linga, kulandira zida.
Poopsezedwa kuti aphulitsidwa ndi zipolopolo mumzindawo, a ku Japan akulengeza kuti salowerera ndale.
A Reds amalowa mumzinda ndikukhalamo popanda kukana, akugwira, mwa zina, zonse zosungidwa zakale zoyera.
Mitembo yowonongeka ya Ovcharenko ndi Shchetnikov ikuwonetsedwa m'mabokosi mu nyumba ya msonkhano wa asilikali a linga la Chnyrrakh. Zigawengazo zimafuna kubwezera, ndipo malinga ndi mndandanda wa anzeru, kumangidwa ndi kuphedwa kwa azungu kumayamba.
Anthu a ku Japan salowerera ndale ndipo amalankhulana mwakhama ndi eni ake atsopano a mzindawo. Posakhalitsa chikhalidwe cha kukhalapo kwawo mu kotala awo aiwalika, fraternization akuyamba, ndi zida Japanese asilikali, atavala wofiira ndi wakuda (anarchist) mauta, kuyendayenda mzindawo, ndipo mkulu wawo amaloledwa kulankhula ndi wailesi ndi likulu Japanese ku Khabarovsk. .
Koma idyll ya fraternization inatha msanga. Usiku wa Marichi 11 mpaka Marichi 12, a ku Japan adawombera ku likulu la Tryapitsin ndi mfuti zamakina ndi ma roketi oyaka moto, akuyembekeza kudula mitu yankhondo yofiira nthawi yomweyo. Nyumbayo inali yamatabwa, ndipo munayaka moto. Mkulu wa ndodo T. I. Naumov-Medved anamwalira, mlembi wa antchito a Pokrovsky-Chernykh, atachotsedwa ndi moto, adadziwombera yekha, Tryapitsyn mwiniwake, ndi miyendo yake yowomberedwa, adachitidwa pa pepala lamagazi ndipo, pansi pa Japan. moto, unasamutsidwira ku nyumba yoyandikana nayo yamwala, kumene adakonza chitetezo.
Kuwombera ndi moto zikuchitika mumzinda wonse, monga momwe zinawonekera mwamsanga kuti si asilikali a asilikali a ku Japan okha omwe adachita nawo kuukira kwa zida, komanso amuna onse a ku Japan omwe amatha kukhala ndi zida.
Nkhondo zikupita ku imfa, ndipo akaidi onse awiri atha.
Mlonda wa Tryapitsyn, yemwe kale anali womangidwa ku Sakhalin wotchedwa Lapta, ali ndi gulu lankhondo amapita kundende ndikupha akaidi onse.
Pofuna kuti asakope chidwi cha anthu a ku Japan powombera, aliyense "amamaliza" ndi zitsulo zozizira. Popeza magazi ndi oledzera ngati vodka, anthu okhumudwawo anapha osati azungu omwe anamangidwa, komanso omwe akukhala nawo m'nyumba ya alonda.
Kumenyana mumzindawu kumatenga masiku angapo, zotsatira za nkhondoyo zimaganiziridwa ndi mkulu wa gulu la anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi ofiira, Budrin, amene anabwera ndi gulu lake kuchokera kumudzi waukulu wapafupi - mudzi wa Kirbi, womwe uli 300 km. kutali. kuchokera ku Nikolaevsk.
Potsirizira pake, Ajapani anaphedwa kotheratu, kuphatikizapo kazembe, mkazi wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi, ndi geisha wa m’nyumba zosungiramo mahule. Azimayi 12 okha a ku Japan amene anakwatiwa ndi achi China anapulumuka - iwo, pamodzi ndi mzinda wa China, anathawira pa ngalawa zamfuti.
Mbuye wa Tryapitsyn, Nina Lebedeva, wamkulu wa Socialist-Revolutionary yemwe adathamangitsidwa ku Far East monga wophunzira wa sekondale ali ndi zaka 15 chifukwa chofuna kupha bwanamkubwa wa Penza, adasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri watsopano wa gulu lachigawenga.
Anavulazidwa Ya. Tryapitsyn ndi mkazi wake wamba N. Lebedeva.
Pambuyo pa kugonjetsedwa kwa Japan, Commune ya Nikolaev ikulengezedwa mumzindawu, ndalama zimathetsedwa ndipo kusaka kwenikweni kwa bourgeoisie kumayamba.
Ikangoyamba, gudumu lowulukirali ndizosatheka kuyimitsa.
Ndidzakupulumutsani zambiri zamagazi zomwe zikuchitika ku Nikolaevsk patsogolo, ndingonena kuti chifukwa cha zomwe zimatchedwa. "Chochitika cha Nikolaev" chinapha anthu zikwi zingapo.
Zonsezi ndi zosiyana, zosiyana: Reds, Whites, Russia, Japanese, aluntha, hunghuz, telegraph operators, omangidwa ndi ena masauzande ambiri a anthu.
Ndipo chiwonongeko chonse cha mzindawo - pambuyo pa kusamutsidwa kwa anthu ndi kuchoka kwa gulu la Tryapitsyn, panalibe chilichonse chotsalira ku Nikolaevsk wakale.
Palibe.
Monga momwe zinawerengedwera pambuyo pake, mwa nyumba zogona 1165 zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, nyumba za 21 (miyala ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali) zidaphulitsidwa, matabwa 1109 adawotchedwa, kotero kuti nyumba zogona 1130 zidawonongeka, izi ndi pafupifupi 97% ya nyumba yonse ya Nikolaevsk.
Asanachoke, Tryapitsyn, wokhumudwa ndi magazi, anatumiza radiogram:
Anzathu! Aka ndi nthawi yomaliza kuyankhula nanu. Timachoka mumzinda ndi mpanda, ndikuphulitsa wailesi ndi kupita ku taiga. Anthu onse a mumzinda ndi dera anasamutsidwa. Midzi ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja yonse ya nyanja ndi m'munsi mwa Amur inatenthedwa. Mzinda ndi linga zinawonongedwa pansi, nyumba zazikulu zinaphulitsidwa. Chilichonse chomwe sichikanatha kuchotsedwa komanso chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi a Japan chinawonongedwa ndikuwotchedwa ndi ife. Pamalo a mzinda ndi linga, mabwinja osuta okha adatsala, ndipo mdani wathu, akubwera kuno, adzapeza milu yokha ya phulusa. Tikunyamuka…
Mutha kufunsa - nanga bwanji Fraerman? Palibe umboni wakuchita nawo nkhanza, koma mosiyana.
Wolemba sewero wopenga dzina lake Life adaganiza kuti ndi nthawi yomwe chikondi choyamba chiyenera kuchitika kwa wophunzira wakale wa Kharkov. Inde, osasangalala.
Izi ndi zomwe Sergei Ptitsyn analemba m'mabuku ake a zigawenga:
"Mphekesera za zomwe akuti ziwopsezo zidalowa pakati pa anthu, ndipo anthu omwe sanalandire ziphaso (zosamutsidwa - VN) adathamangira kuzungulira mzindawo mochita mantha, kufunafuna njira zamitundu yonse ndi mwayi wotuluka mumzinda. Azimayi ena achichepere, okongola ochokera kwa mabwanamkubwa ndi akazi amasiye a Alonda Oyera omwe anaphedwa anadzipereka okha kukhala akazi a zigawengazo kotero kuti awathandize kutuluka mu mzindawo, analowa m’maubwenzi ndi antchito odalirika kwambiri kapena ocheperako kuti awagwiritse ntchito kaamba ka chipulumutso chawo. , anadziponya m’manja mwa akuluakulu achi China ochokera m’boti za mfuti, kuti apulumutsidwe ndi thandizo lawo.
Fraerman, moika moyo wake pachiswe, anapulumutsa mwana wamkazi wa wansembe Zinaida Chernykh, anamthandiza kubisala monga mkazi wake, ndipo pambuyo pake, akumawonekera kwa iye mumkhalidwe wosiyana, sanazindikiridwe kukhala mwamuna wake.”
Palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti anachita nawo nkhanza.
Koma iye anali pamenepo ndipo anaziwona izo zonse. Kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto.
***
Tryapitsyn, Lebedev, Lapta ndi anthu ena makumi awiri, amene anadzipatula pa chiwonongeko cha Nikolaevsk "anatha" ndi zigawenga zawo, pafupi ndi mudzi wa Kirby, tsopano mudzi wotchedwa Polina Osipenko.
Chiwembu bwino anatsogoleredwa ndi Lieutenant wakale, ndipo tsopano membala wa komiti wamkulu ndi mkulu wa apolisi dera Andreev.
Iwo adawomberedwa ndi chigamulo cha khoti lachangu kalekale asanalandire malangizo aliwonse kuchokera ku Khabarovsk, makamaka kuchokera ku Moscow.
Chifukwa chakuti anthu akawoloka mzere wina, ayenera kuphedwa - kaya motsatira malamulo aumunthu kapena aumulungu, mwina chifukwa chodziteteza.
Izi ndi izi, utsogoleri wotsogozedwa wa Nikolaev commune:
Fraerman sanachite nawo kubwezera kwa mkulu wakale - atangotsala pang'ono kusamutsidwa, adasankhidwa kukhala commissar wa gulu lachigawenga lomwe linakhazikitsidwa kuti likhazikitse mphamvu za Soviet pakati pa Tungus.
"Ndi gulu lachigawenga ili, - wolembayo adakumbukira m'mabuku ake, "Ndinayenda makilomita masauzande kudutsa m'mphepete mwa taiga pa reindeer ...". Ntchitoyi inatenga miyezi inayi ndipo inatha ku Yakutsk, kumene gululo linathetsedwa, ndipo commissar wakale anayamba kugwira ntchito ku nyuzipepala ya Lensky Communar.
***
Iwo ankakhala m'nkhalango za Meshchera pamodzi - iye ndi Paustovsky.
Anawonanso zinthu zambiri mu Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe - ku Kyiv yomwe inagwidwa, ndi asilikali odziimira okha a Hetman Skoropadsky, komanso mu gulu lofiira, lotengedwa kuchokera ku Makhnovists akale.
Ndendende, atatu a iwo, chifukwa bwenzi lapamtima Arkady Gaidar nthawi zonse anabwera kudzawaona. Iwo ngakhale analankhula za izi mu Soviet filmstrips.
Gaidar yemweyo yemwe adalembapo kale mu diary yake: “Ndinalota za anthu amene ndinapha ndili mwana”.
Kumeneko, m’nkhalango zosaipitsidwa ndi nyanja za Meshchera, anadziyeretsa.
Iwo anasungunula mphamvu ya ziwanda zakuda kukhala mizere yothamangitsidwa ya chiyero chosowa ndi kukoma mtima.
Gaidar analemba "Blue Cup" kumeneko, ntchito yomveka bwino kwambiri ya mabuku a ana a Soviet.
Fraerman adakhala chete kwa nthawi yayitali, koma kenako adadutsa, ndipo patatha sabata adalemba "The Wild Dog Dingo, kapena Tale of First Love."
Nkhaniyi ikuchitika mu nthawi za Soviet, koma mzinda wa Amur, wofotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'bukuli, umadziwika kwambiri.
Izi ndi zomwe zisanachitike kusintha, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur yemwe sanakhalepo.
Mzindawo anauwononga.
Paustovsky analemba izi: "Mawu oti "talente yabwino" amakhudza mwachindunji Fraerman. Ili ndi talente yachifundo komanso yoyera. Choncho, Fraerman anatha kukhudza mbali za moyo monga chikondi chake choyamba chaunyamata ndi chisamaliro chapadera. Buku la Fraerman "The Wild Dog Dingo, kapena Tale of First Love" ndi ndakatulo yowala, yowonekera bwino ya chikondi pakati pa mtsikana ndi mnyamata..
Nthawi zambiri ankakhala bwino kumeneko. Chinachake chabwino, chokoma mtima komanso chosangalatsa:
Gaidar nthawi zonse ankabwera ndi ndakatulo zatsopano zoseketsa. Nthaŵi ina analemba ndakatulo yaitali yonena za olemba ndi akonzi onse achichepere ku Nyumba Yofalitsa mabuku ya Ana. Ndakatulo iyi idatayika ndikuyiwalika, koma ndikukumbukira mizere yosangalatsa yoperekedwa kwa Fraerman:
Kumwamba pamwamba pa chilengedwe chonse
Tikuzunzidwa ndi chifundo chamuyaya,
Amawoneka wosameta, wowuziridwa,
Rubeni wokhululuka...
Anadzilola kumasula ziwanda zawo zoponderezedwa kamodzi kokha.
Mu 1941.
Mwinamwake mukudziwa za Gaidar; Paustovsky analembera Fraerman kuchokera kutsogolo: "Ndinakhala mwezi ndi theka ku Southern Front, pafupifupi nthawi zonse, osawerengera masiku anayi, pa mzere wamoto ...".
Paustovsky ku Southern Front.
Ndipo Fraerman... Fraerman, yemwe anali kale ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, adalowa nawo gulu lankhondo la Moscow monga msilikali wamba m'chilimwe cha 41. Sanabisike pamzere wakutsogolo, chifukwa chake adavulala kwambiri mu 1942, kenako adatulutsidwa.
Wophunzira wakale wa Kharkov ndi woyambitsa zigawenga adayenera kukhala ndi moyo wautali - adakhala zaka 80.
Ndipo tsiku lililonse, monga Chekhov kapolo, adadzifinyira yekha chiwanda chakuda cha Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni.
Mosiyana ndi anzake Paustovsky ndi Gaidar, iye sanali wolemba kwambiri. Koma malinga ndi zimene anthu ambiri amakumbukira, Reuben Fraerman anali mmodzi mwa anthu owala kwambiri ndiponso okoma mtima kwambiri amene anakumana nawo m’moyo.
Zitatha izi, mizere ya Ruvim Isaevich ikumveka yosiyana kwambiri:
"Kukhala moyo wanu mwaulemu padziko lapansi kulinso luso lapamwamba, mwinanso lovuta kwambiri kuposa luso lina lililonse ...".
PS Ndipo muyenera kuwerengabe "Mphaka Wakuba", ngati simunatero.
Source: www.habr.com