Nkhaniyi inalembedwa kuwonjezera pa pa pempho la anthu ammudzi.
M'nkhaniyi timvetsetsa zamatsenga a manambala mu manambala a decimal. Ndipo ganizirani mawerengedwe omwe sanatengedwe mu Mtengo wa ESKD (Unified System of Design Documentation), komanso mu ESPD (Unified System of Program Documentation) ndi KSAS (Miyezo yamakina odzichitira okha), popeza Harb nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi akatswiri a IT.
Mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za ESKD, ESPD ndi KSAS, chinthu chilichonse (pulogalamu, dongosolo) chiyenera kupatsidwa dzina - nambala ya decimal.
Kusankhidwa kumaperekedwa motsatira malamulo omwe amakhazikitsidwa mumiyeso. Izi zidapangidwa ndi anthu m'nthawi zakale kuti agwirizanitse ndikuchepetsa kuzindikirika kwazinthu ndi zolemba, kusunga zolemba ndi zolemba zakale.
Tiyeni timvetsetse njira yosavuta yoperekera nambala ya decimal kuti isawoneke ngati mwambo wakale, ndipo manambala omwe aperekedwawo samawoneka ngati manambala amatsenga.
Pamiyezo iliyonse, tikambirana njirayo padera.
Dongosolo logwirizana lolemba zolemba
Mu ESKD, dongosolo lamatchulidwe azinthu ndi zolemba zawo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi .
Chilichonse chili ndi dzina lake lapadera.
Matchulidwe azinthu amatha kugawidwa m'njira ziwiri:
- centralized - mkati mwa dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa ndi unduna, dipatimenti, mkati mwamakampani;
- decentralized - malinga ndi malamulo omwe atengedwa mu bungwe lachitukuko.
Maonekedwe a kalembedwe kazinthu ndi chikalata chachikulu chojambula chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1.
|
|
| Chithunzi 1 - Kapangidwe kazinthu katchulidwe |
Khodi ya zilembo zinayi za bungwe lomwe likupanga zolemba zamapangidwe, zopangidwa ndi zilembo ngati ABC, zimaperekedwa molingana ndi Codifier of Development Organisation.
Kuti mupeze nambala ya zilembo zinayi, bungwe lachitukuko liyenera kulumikizana . Chonde dziwani kuti ntchito iyi yalipidwa. Mwachitsanzo: Bizinesi ya NVP "Bolid" ili ndi zilembo zinayi zamakampani opanga "ACDR", CJSC "Bastion" - "NSOMBA".
Kwa zinthu wamba, m'malo mwa zilembo zinayi, amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito code kuchokera ku All-Russian Classifier of Enterprises and Organisations () makampani opanga mapulogalamu. Khodi ya OKPO (nambala eyiti kapena manambala khumi) ndiyofunikira ku bungwe lililonse ndipo imasintha pokhapokha bizinesiyo ikasintha momwe ikugwirira ntchito, apo ayi imakhala yosasinthika kwa moyo wonse wakampani.
Khodi yodziwika bwino imaperekedwa kuzinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kapangidwe kake malinga ndi gulu lazogulitsa ndi zolemba zamakina zamakina ndi kupanga zida (ESKD Classifier). Mu Russian Federation pali "All-Russian Classifier of Products and Design Documents", , ndi dongosolo la mayina a magulu a magulu azinthu zamagulu - zopangira zazikulu ndi zothandizira zamagulu onse a chuma cha dziko, zolemba zamakono ndi zizindikiro zawo ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira la Unified System of Classification ndi Coding of Technical ndi Economic Information.
Chikhalidwe chamagulu ndi gawo lalikulu lachidziwitso cha mankhwala ndi zolemba zake. Khodi yamagulu amaperekedwa molingana ndi ESKD Classifier ndipo ndi nambala ya manambala asanu ndi limodzi omwe amasankha kalasi motsatizana (ma manambala awiri oyamba), gulu, gulu, gulu, mtundu (chiwerengero chimodzi chilichonse). Gulu la ESKD limapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsatizana, kutengera kusintha koyenera kuchokera ku wamba kupita ku gulu lomwe likugawidwa.
Kapangidwe ka classification characterization code ndi motere:
|
|
| Chithunzi 2 - Mapangidwe a kachidindo kakhalidwe |
Kalasiyo imatsagana ndi malingaliro atsatanetsatane akusaka ndikudziwitsa kachidindo kamagulu azinthu.
Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kudziwa kachidindo kagawo ka magetsi amtundu umodzi wokhala ndi voteji ya 220V AC, 50Hz, yokhala ndi voliyumu yokhazikika ya DC ya 12V ndi mphamvu yogwira ya 60W.
Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa nambala ya kalasi mu gululi yamakalasi ndi ma subclass ndi dzina lazogulitsa.
Pankhaniyi, kalasi ndi yoyenera Mtengo wa 43XXXX "Microcircuits, semiconductor, electrovacuum, piezoelectric, quantum electronics devices, resistors, connectors, converters magetsi, magetsi achiwiri".
Pamenepo muyenera kusankha subclass 436XXX "Mayendedwe ndi magwero amagetsi achiwiri".
Pogwiritsa ntchito gululi lamagulu, timagulu tating'ono ndi mitundu, muyenera kudziwa gulu lomwe mwasankha, kutengera mawonekedwe a chipangizocho: 4362XX "Magwero amagetsi achiwiri amtundu umodzi wokhala ndi ma voliyumu osinthira gawo limodzi", gulu laling'ono: 43623X "Ndi zotulutsa zokhazikika zokhazikika zamagetsi ndi zotuluka" ndi kuwona: 436234 "Mphamvu, W St. 10 mpaka 100 incl. voteji, V mpaka 100 incl..
Chifukwa chake, nambala yamagulu amagetsi amtundu umodzi wokhala ndi voteji ya 220V AC yokhala ndi ma frequency a 50Hz okhala ndi voliyumu yokhazikika ya 12V DC ndi mphamvu yogwira ya 60W idzakhala: 436234.
Nambala yolembetserayo imaperekedwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a gulu kuyambira 001 mpaka 999 mkati mwa code ya bungwe laotukula ngati apatsidwa ntchito yogawa, komanso ngati apatsidwa gawo lapakati - mkati mwa code ya bungwe lomwe lapatsidwa ntchito yapakati.
Mwachitsanzo, nambala iyi ikhoza kukhala nambala ya seriyoni ya cholembera pakhadi lolembetsa dzina lazogulitsa. Fomu ndi ndondomeko yosungiramo khadi lolembera mayina zimakhazikitsidwa mu GOST 2.201-80.
Chifukwa chake, pachitsanzo choganiziridwa posankha mtundu wamagulu, mawonekedwe azinthu amatha kuwoneka motere:
Kusankhidwa kwa chikalata chosakhala chachikulu kuyenera kukhala ndi dzina lazogulitsa ndi chikalata chokhazikitsidwa ndi miyezo ya ESKD, yolembedwera kutchuthi popanda malo, choperekedwa molingana ndi Table 3. GOST 2.102-2013 "Mitundu ndi kukwanira kwa zolemba zamapangidwe".
|
|
| Chithunzi 3 - Kusankhidwa kwa chikalata chopanda mapangidwe |
Mwachitsanzo, chithunzi chozungulira magetsi: FIASH.436234.610E3
Kusankhidwa kwamitundu yazogulitsa ndi zikalata mgululi komanso njira yoyambira yopangira zolemba, nambala yamtunduwu imawonjezedwa pamatchulidwe azinthu kudzera pa hyphen. Munjira yamagulu yopangira zikalata, kuphedwa kumodzi kuyenera kuvomerezedwa ngati chachikulu. Kukonzekera kotereku kuyenera kukhala ndi dzina lokhalokha popanda nambala yeniyeni ya mapangidwe, mwachitsanzo ATsDR.436234.255. Pazojambula zina, nambala ya seriyoni ya mapangidwe kuyambira 01 mpaka 98 imawonjezedwa ku zilembo zoyambira.Mwachitsanzo: ATsDR.436234.255-05
Amaloledwa kusankha mitundu ndi kuwonjezera manambala atatu siriyo manambala kuchokera 001 mpaka 999.
Ndi mitundu yambiri yazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mapangidwe ofanana, zimaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito nambala yowonjezera yowonjezera, yomwe imalembedwa kudzera padontho ndipo iyenera kukhala mu mawonekedwe a nambala ziwiri kuposa 00. Mapangidwe a kutchulidwa koteroko. ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4.
|
|
| Chithunzi 4 - Kugwiritsa ntchito nambala yophatikizika ndi nambala yowonjezera yopha |
Mapangidwe ogwiritsira ntchito nambala yowonjezera amasankhidwa pamaso pa mawonekedwe osinthika (zophimba, magawo, kupatuka kwawo kwakukulu, nyengo yogwiritsira ntchito nyengo, kusintha kowonjezera kwa mankhwala ndi zigawo, etc.), zomwe zingatheke pamapangidwe onse.
Nambala yowonjezerapo iyenera kukhala ya manambala awiri kuposa 00. Nambala kapena manambala ake aliwonse akhoza kusonyeza khalidwe limodzi kapena seti ya makhalidwe ogwirizana.
Zomwe zangopangidwa kumene zazinthu izi zomwe zimadalira mawonekedwe omwewo zimasankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nambala yofananira yowonjezera. Ngati ndi kotheka, zigawo zoterezi zikhoza kusankhidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nambala yowonjezera yowonjezera.
Ngati pali nambala yowonjezera, mitundu yonse iyenera kusankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito manambala awiri amtunduwo kuyambira 01 mpaka 98.
Manambala ophatikizika ndi owonjezera amayikidwa paokha.
Pansi pakupanga mapangidwe oyambira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zikalata zoyambira ndi mapangidwe azisankhidwa molingana ndi izi:
|
|
| Fig.5 - Kusankhidwa kwa zolemba zolembedwa |
Zolemba za pulogalamu yogwirizana
Kusankhidwa kwa mapulogalamu ndi zolemba zamapulogalamu zimaperekedwa motsatira malangizo .
Kusankhidwa kwa mapulogalamu ndi zikalata kuyenera kukhala ndi magulu a anthu olekanitsidwa ndi madontho (pambuyo pa nambala ya dziko ndi code ya bungwe lopanga mapulogalamu), malo (pambuyo pa nambala yosinthira chikalata ndi nambala yamtundu wa chikalata), ndi ma hyphens (pambuyo nambala yolembetsa ndi chikalata. chiwerengero cha mtundu uwu).
Njira yolembetsera yopangira mapulogalamu ndi zolemba zamapulogalamu ikukhazikitsidwa.
Monga Mtengo wa ESKDmu ESPD zimanenedwa kuti kutchulidwa kwa chinthu ndi nthawi yomweyo kutchulidwa kwa pulogalamu yake - ndondomeko.
Maonekedwe a pulojekiti ndi zolemba za pulogalamu yake - zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 6.
|
|
| Mkuyu 6 - Mafotokozedwe a pulogalamu |
Khodi ya dziko imaperekedwa motsatira malangizo , pomwe kusankha kwa encoding (Latin, Cyrillic kapena digito code) kumapangidwa ndi wopangayo malinga ndi malamulo omwe amatengedwa ndi bizinesiyo. Ndizololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zilembo za manambala anayi kapena OKPO ngati khodi ya bungwe.
GOST 19.103 imanena kuti nambala yolembetsa ya pulogalamuyi iyenera kuperekedwa molingana ndi All-Union Classifier of Programs, koma sinasindikizidwe, chifukwa chake amaloledwa kupatsa nambala yotere kuyambira 00001 mpaka 99999 motsatira ndondomeko yomwe yakhazikitsidwa kampani yomwe idapanga pulogalamuyi.
Nthawi zina, kupanga nambala yolembetsa pulogalamu, gulu lazinthu zonse zaku Russia ndi mtundu wazinthu zachuma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito .
Nambala yosalekeza ya pulogalamuyo iyenera kukhala mumtundu wa 01 mpaka 99.
Chitsanzo cha dzina la pulogalamu:
- mukamagwiritsa ntchito zilembo zinayi zopanga zilembo:
- ROF.ABVG.62.01.29-01
- 643.ABVG.62.01.29-01
- Mukamagwiritsa ntchito OKPO code:
- ROF.98765432.62.01.29-01
- RU.98765432.62.01.29-01
- RUS.98765432.62.01.29-01
- 643.98765432.62.01.29-01
Mapangidwe a zolemba zina zamapulogalamu akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 7:
|
|
| Chithunzi 7 - Mapangidwe a kutchulidwa kwa zolemba zina zamapulogalamu |
Nambala ya seriyo yokonzanso chikalata iyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe kuyambira 01 mpaka 99. Khodi yamtundu wa chikalata imaperekedwa molingana ndi Table 4. . Ngati ndi kotheka, chikalatacho chimapatsidwa nambala yamtundu wamtunduwu pokwera kuchokera pa 01 mpaka 99, ndi nambala ya gawo lokwera kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 9.
Zitsanzo za kutchulidwa kwa chikalata "Buku la Opaleshoni" (chikalata chachiwiri cha pulogalamuyi, gawo 3):
- Π ΠΠ€.ΠΠΠΠ.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- 643.ΠΠΠΠ.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- Π ΠΠ€.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- RU.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- RUS.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- 643.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
Mtundu womaliza wa mawonekedwe osankhidwa a mapulogalamu ndi zikalata zamapulogalamu ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi wopanga zikalata zowongolera mkati.
Miyezo yamakina odzipangira okha
Kupanga nambala ya decemal ya automated system kuyenera kufunidwa .
Malingana ndi GOST, chikalata chilichonse chopangidwa chiyenera kupatsidwa dzina lodziimira. Chikalata chochitidwa pa onyamula ma data osiyanasiyana chiyenera kukhala ndi dzina lomwelo. Chilembo "M" chimawonjezedwa pamatchulidwe a zikalata zopangidwa pakompyuta.
Document notation ili ndi izi:
|
|
| Chithunzi cha 8 - Mapangidwe a mafotokozedwe a zikalata zamakina odzichitira okha |
Mapangidwe a dongosolo la automated system kapena gawo lake lili ndi mawonekedwe:
|
|
| Chithunzi 9 - Mapangidwe a kutchulidwa kwa makina odzipangira okha kapena gawo lake |
GOST ikufuna kusankha khodi ya bungwe lopanga mapulogalamu molingana ndi All-Union Classifier of Enterprises, Institutions and Organizations (OKPO) malinga ndi malamulo omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi zolemba zamakono ndi zamakono. Pakalipano, si chikalata cha All-Union chomwe chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma gulu lonse la Russia - OKPO. Ndizololedwanso kugwiritsa ntchito zilembo zinayi zochokera ku Federal State Unitary Enterprise "STANDARTINFORM" monga khodi ya bungwe lopanga mapulogalamu.
Khodi yamagulu adongosolo iyenera kusankhidwa kuchokera , yomwe idalowa m'malo mwa All-Union product classifier yotchulidwa mu GOST 34.201-89, komanso gulu lazinthu zonse zaku Russia (OKP), zomwe zidathetsedwa pa Januware 01, 2017.
M'pofunika kuganizira kuti gulu khalidwe kachidindo ku OKPD2 akhoza kusankhidwa ndi dzina la zinthu zokha, mwachitsanzo: 26.51.43.120 - machitidwe zidziwitso zamagetsi, kuyeza ndi computing maofesi ndi unsembe wa kuyeza magetsi ndi maginito kuchuluka (kwa mwachitsanzo, chidziwitso chodziwikiratu ndi njira yoyezera zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi (AIIS KUE)), 70.22.17 - ntchito zoyendetsera ntchito zamalonda (BP ACS); 26.20.40.140 - zida zotetezera chidziwitso, komanso machitidwe a mauthenga ndi mauthenga otetezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zotetezera chidziwitso (zidziwitso za intaneti).
Komanso, GOST 34.201-89 ikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito gulu lonse la Union of subsystems ndi zovuta za ntchito za automated control system (OKPKZ) kuti apereke mawonekedwe omwe atchulidwa. Gululi lasiya kugwira ntchito ku Russian Federation, ndipo palibe cholowa m'malo mwake. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano palibe njira ina yosankha mawonekedwe amtundu wa makina odzichitira molingana ndi OKPD2.
Nambala yolembetsera ya dongosolo (gawo la dongosolo) imaperekedwa ndi ntchito ya bungwe la omanga, lomwe liri ndi udindo wosunga ndondomeko ya makhadi ndi zolemba zolemba. Nambala zolembetsera zimaperekedwa kuchokera ku 001 mpaka 999 pamtundu uliwonse wamakhalidwe.
Khodi ya chikalatacho imakhala ndi zilembo ziwiri za alphanumeric ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi kadontho kuchokera pamakina. Khodi ya zolemba zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi muyezo uwu zalembedwa motsatira ndime 3 ya Gulu 2. Khodi ya zolemba zowonjezera imapangidwa motere: khalidwe loyamba ndi kalata yosonyeza mtundu wa chikalata malinga ndi Table 1, khalidwe lachiwiri ndi nambala kapena kalata yosonyeza chiwerengero cha chikalata cha mtundu uwu.
Maudindo otsala akuphatikizidwa muzolemba zolembedwa ngati pakufunika.
Nambala za seti ya zolemba za dzina limodzi (zilembo 2) zimaperekedwa kuyambira pachiwiri ndikulekanitsidwa ndi dzina lakale ndi kadontho.
Nambala yokonzanso chikalata imaperekedwa kuyambira yachiwiri mu dongosolo lokwera kuchokera ku 2 mpaka 9, ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtengo wam'mbuyo ndi kadontho. Nambala yosindikiza yotsatira imaperekedwa ngati mtundu wapitawo usungidwa (osati waletsedwa).
Nambala ya gawo la chikalatacho imasiyanitsidwa ndi dzina lakale ndi hyphen. Ngati chikalatacho chili ndi gawo limodzi, ndiye kuti hyphen sinalowetsedwe ndipo nambala ya gawo la chikalata sichinapatsidwe.
Lingaliro la chikalata chochitidwa pamakompyuta amalowetsedwa ngati kuli kofunikira. Chilembo "M" chalekanitsidwa ndi kadontho kuchokera ku dzina lapitalo.
Chifukwa chake, dzina la AIIS KUE litha kuwoneka motere:
- 98765432.26.51.43.120.012
- ABVG.26.51.43.120.012
Chitsanzo cha kutchulidwa kwa chikalata "Technological Instructions" (chikalata chachitatu cha mtundu uwu, kope lachiwiri, gawo 5, lopangidwa pakompyuta):
- 98765432.26.51.43.120.012.I2.03.02.05M
- ABVG.26.51.43.120.012.I2.03.02.05M
Chithunzi chojambula cha zovuta zaukadaulo (chikalata chokhacho chamtunduwu monga gawo la polojekiti, kusindikiza kokha, gawo limodzi, losindikizidwa pamapepala):
- 98765432.26.51.43.120.012.S1
- ABVG.26.51.43.120.012.S1
Pomaliza
Zimaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yozindikiritsa yomwe imavomerezedwa mu bungwe lomwe likukula. Koma ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti popanda kufotokozera kwapadera dongosololi silingamveke kwa aliyense. Dongosolo lomwe lafotokozedwa pakugawira mayina kuzinthu ndi zikalata molingana ndi miyezo imatha kufotokozedwa ndi katswiri aliyense (wopanga, wopanga mapulogalamu, wopanga mapulogalamu).
Magwero otsatirawa adagwiritsidwanso ntchito polemba nkhaniyi:
Source: www.habr.com